The Experts below are selected from a list of 177 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Yurong Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • synthesis and impact properties of in situ bulk made ABS Resins toughened by high cis 1 4 polybutadiene
    Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2011
    Co-Authors: Zhongming Jia, L L Chang, Yurong Wang
    Abstract:

    ABStract In situ bulk polymerization process was employed for the synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) (ABS) resin. Butadiene (Bd) prepolymer solution was obtained through selective polymerization of Bd in styrene (St) catalyzed by Nd(P 507 ) 3 /Al( i -Bu) 2 H/Et 3 Al 2 Cl 3 catalyst. The catalyst exhibited high activity and selectivity towards the Bd polymerization. The Bd prepolymer yield was higher than 95%. Determined by IR and 1 H NMR spectra, the prepolymer had high cis -1,4 stereoregularity (ca. 96%) and low St content ( −1 ; tensile strength, 31.9–44.4 MPa; elongation at break, 20.1–47.6%. The impact strength increased with the increase of polybutadiene content. The ABS toughened by prepolymer with broad M w / M n showed higher impact strength than that having narrow M w / M n did. Three kinds of initiators, monofunctional BPO, bifunctional DP275B, and trifunctional TETMTPA were examined for the synthesis of ABS. Among them, ABS obtained with DP275B at Bd prepolymer content of 10 wt% displayed the highest impact strength, whose value reached 335.9 J m −1 .

  • morphological mechanical properties and fracture behavior of bulk made ABS Resins toughened by high cis polybutadiene rubber
    Polymer Engineering and Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Yurong Wang, Li Yang, Ying Liu, Zhongfu Zhao
    Abstract:

    Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Resins with various rubber contents were prepared by applying nickel catalyzed high-cis polybutadiene rubber (BR9004) as toughening agent via bulk polymerization. The influence of rubber content and its characteristics on the morphology, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of ABS Resins were investigated. The relevant performance parameters were also evaluated and compared with a commercial injection grade resin (ABS-8434). The results show that each synthesized resin generally contains some irregular microsized particles with a certain amount of subinclusions besides the analogous “sea-island” morphology to ABS-8434. The subinclusions considerably enhance the volume fraction of rubber phase; this leads to an increasing maximum loss tangent (tan δ) value, a decreasing storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of rubber phase. Besides, the higher grafting degree can not only produce a higher Tg of grafted copolymer but also improve the compatibility of rubber phase with matrix. Based on the performance measurements andfractography, the final product with a rubber content of 9.3% reveals ductile fracture behavior and excellent comprehensive properties far superior to ABS-8434 due to combined shear yielding and massive crazing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

  • Morphological, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of bulk‐made ABS Resins toughened by high‐cis polybutadiene rubber
    Polymer Engineering and Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Yurong Wang, Li Yang, Ying Liu, Zhao Zhongfu
    Abstract:

    Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) Resins with various rubber contents were prepared by applying nickel catalyzed high-cis polybutadiene rubber (BR9004) as toughening agent via bulk polymerization. The influence of rubber content and its characteristics on the morphology, mechanical properties, and fracture mechanisms of ABS Resins were investigated. The relevant performance parameters were also evaluated and compared with a commercial injection grade resin (ABS-8434). The results show that each synthesized resin generally contains some irregular microsized particles with a certain amount of subinclusions besides the analogous “sea-island” morphology to ABS-8434. The subinclusions considerably enhance the volume fraction of rubber phase; this leads to an increasing maximum loss tangent (tan δ) value, a decreasing storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of rubber phase. Besides, the higher grafting degree can not only produce a higher Tg of grafted copolymer but also improve the compatibility of rubber phase with matrix. Based on the performance measurements andfractography, the final product with a rubber content of 9.3% reveals ductile fracture behavior and excellent comprehensive properties far superior to ABS-8434 due to combined shear yielding and massive crazing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

  • Effect of rubber types on synthesis, morphology, and properties of ABS Resins
    Polymer Engineering and Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhongfu, Chaoxian Wang, Juan Yang, Chunqing Zhang, Yurong Wang
    Abstract:

    A series of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) copolymers were prepared using lithium-catalyzed low-cis rubber (PB700A), nickel-catalyzed high-cis rubber (BR9004), and their compounded rubber (PB700A/BR9004 = 50:50) as toughening agents through bulk polymerization. The effects of molecular structures of rubbers on the dissolving and grafting process of them were investigated. The structure and properties of ABS Resins were characterized with FTIR, TEM, and performance measurements. It is shown that the characteristics of rubbers affect their dissolving state and grafting reaction and consequently influence the morphology and properties of ABS materials. BR9004 promotes the formation of irregular microsized rubber particles with special “salami”-like structure and, therefore, presents better mechanical properties. PB700A has much higher 1,2-isomers, which benefits its dispersion and grafting reaction; its toughening effect, however, is unsatisfactory and can be improved by the incorporation of BR9004. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

Alharis Rizza Umam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prarancangan Pabrik Akrilonitril Dari Amoniak, Propilena Dan Udara Dengan Kapasitas 10.000 Ton/Tahun
    2013
    Co-Authors: Alharis Rizza Umam
    Abstract:

    Akrilonitril disebut juga vinil sianida atau propen nitril merupakan salah satu bahan kimia dalam industri. Akrilonitril merupakan bahan kimia yang banyak kegunaannya yaitu sebagai bahan tambahan dalam industri Resins, termoplastik, bahan tambahan dalam sintesa organik, akrilamida, dan ABS Resins. Pada saat ini kebutuhan akrilonitril di Indonesia masih didatangkan dari import luar negeri diantaranya dari Jepang, Taiwan, Amerika Serikat dan Jerman. Oleh sebab itu pendirian pabrik Akrilonitril di Indonesia sangatlah penting guna mengurangi import akrilonitril dari luar negeri. Bahan baku pembuatan akrilonitril adalah amoniak, propilena dan udara dengan perbandingan mol reaktan propilen : amoniak : udara = 1 : 1,2 : 9,8 yang direaksikan dalam reaktor fixed bed multitube yang beroperasi secara non adiabatik non isothermal pada suhu 307 – 308,3 oC dan tekanan 1,5 atm dengan katalis bismuth phosphomolybdate. Reaksi yang terjadi didalam reaktor secara eksotermis dan irreversible. Alat utama dalam pabrik ini adalah reaktor, ABSorber, separator, dan menara distilasi. Produk yang dihasilkan dari pabrik ini adalah akrilonitil, asam sianida, dan asetonitril. Prarancangan pabrik akrilonitril ini berkapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun dan lokasi pabrik dipilih di daerah Cilegon Banten dengan luas area 200.000 m2. Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah Perseroan Terbatas dengan pimpinan tertinggi dipegang oleh seorang Direktur dan dibantu oleh para manajer dengan jumlah karyawan sebanyak 158 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisa ekonomi prarancangan pabrik ini membutuhkan modal tetap dan modal kerja sebesar US$ 28.249.592,23 dan US$ 6.589.282,97 dan didapatkan Return of Invesment sebelum pajak 35,48%, setelah pajak 17,74%, Break Even Point 42,22%, Shut Down Point 19,44%, Pay Out Time sebelum pajak 2,20 tahun, setelah pajak 3,60 tahun. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik akrilonitril ini layak didirikan

Sari, Risky Patria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prarancangan Pabrik Akrilonitril Dari Amoniak, Propilena Dan Udara Dengan Kapasitas 9.000 Ton/Tahun
    2013
    Co-Authors: Sari, Risky Patria
    Abstract:

    Akrilonitril disebut juga vinil sianida atau propen nitril merupakan salah satu bahan kimia dalam industri sebagai bahan tambahan dalam industri Resins, termoplastik, bahan tambahan dalam sintesa organik, akrilamida, dan ABS Resins. Pada saat ini kebutuhan akrilonitril di Indonesia masih didatangkan dari import luar negeri, oleh sebab itu pendirian pabrik akrilonitril di Indonesia sangatlah penting guna mengurangi import akrilonitril dari luar negeri. Bahan baku pembuatan akrilonitril adalah amoniak, propilena dan udara dengan perbandingan mol reaktan propilen : amoniak : udara = 1 : 1,2 : 9,8 yang direaksikan dalam reaktor fixed bed multitube yang beroperasi secara non adiabatik non isothermal pada suhu 307–308,3 oC dan tekanan 1,5 atm dengan katalis Bismuth phosphomolybdate. Alat utama pada proses pembuatan akrilonitril adalah reaktor, ABSorber, separator dan menara distilasi. Produk utama yang dihasilkan adalah akrilonitril sedangkan produk samping yang dihasilkan adalah asam sianida dan asetonitril. Prarancangan pabrik akrilonitril ini berkapasitas 9.000 ton/tahun dan lokasi pabrik dipilih di daerah Cilegon, Jawa Barat dengan luas area 20.000 m2. Bentuk perusahaan yang dipilih adalah Perseroan Terbatas dengan pimpinan tertinggi dipegang oleh seorang direktur dan dibantu oleh para manajer dengan jumlah karyawan sebanyak 158 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisa ekonomi prarancangan pabrik ini membutuhkan modal tetap dan modal kerja sebesar Rp. 236.958.282.596 dan Rp.54.653.079.220 dan didapatkan Return of Invetsment sebelum pajak 27,48%, setelah pajak 13,74%,, Break Even Point 48,18%, Shut Down Point 21,81%, Pay Out Time sebelum pajak 2,67 tahun, setelah pajak 4,21 tahun. Berdasarkan analisa ekonomi tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik Akrilonitril ini layak didirika

Alan J Lesser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • microscopic damage and macroscopic yield in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ABS Resins tested under multi axial stress states
    Polymer, 2002
    Co-Authors: S Ramaswamy, Alan J Lesser
    Abstract:

    ABStract In this study, a transparent acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer alloy was tested in a range of biaxial stress states and a yield locus was generated. The onset of microscopic damage was detected by in situ light transmission measurements. The macroscopic yield locus followed a linear behavior on an octahedral shear stress vs. mean stress plot and the onset of microscopic damage was dependent on both shear and mean stresses. Our findings indicate that macroscopic ductility arises from damage in the polymer at two distinct length scales. On the scale of the rubber particle (0.1–0.2 um), damage occurs via particle debonding from the matrix. At a length scale intermediate between the particle size and macro scale, damage occurs through the formation of micro crack arrays with a well-defined pattern.

Zhang Ming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Effect of the Molecular Weight of SAN Copolymer Grafted onto PB Rubber Particles on Morphology and Property of ABS Resins
    Journal of Jilin Institute of Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Zhang Ming
    Abstract:

    A series of PB g SAN copolymers were synthesized by grafting copolymering styrene and acrylonitrile monomer onto polybutadiene(PB) latex rubber particles with different contents of tert dodecyl mercaptan(TDDM) in the comonomer using the seeded emulsion polymerization technique. By blending these copolymers with SAN Resins, ABS Resins were prepared. The influence of TDDM content on the grafting degree and the molecular weight of SAN copolymer, the morphology and properties of ABS Resins were then investigated. It is found that the grafting degree and the molecular weight of the SAN copolymer decreased with increasing TDDM content in the comonomer. When there is no TDDM in the comonomer, a decrease of toughening effict of PB g SAN copolymer results in a decrease of the impact strength of the ABS resin. The impact toughness and processing properties of the ABS resin is improved after introducing TDDM into the comonomer. The morphological results show that TDDM significantly affects the internal structure of the PB rubber particles. The size of the SAN subinclusions dispersed in the PB rubber particles increases with increasing TDDM content in the comonomer.

  • Property and morphological design of ABS Resins IThe control of the degree of grafting SAN copolymer onto PB rubber particles and its effect on morphology and property of ABS Resins.
    China Elastomerics, 2001
    Co-Authors: Zhang Ming
    Abstract:

    A series of PB g SAN copolymers were synthesized by graft copolymering styrene and acrylonitrile comonomer onto polybutadiene(PB)latex rubber particles through varing feed ratio of monomer to PB(M/PB)with seeded emulsion polymerization technique.By blending these copolymers with SAN Resins,ABS resin was prepared.The influnce of feed ratio on grafting degree (GD) and M W of SAN copolymer,morphology and property of ABS Resins was investigated.It was found that GD and M W of SAN increased with increasing feed ratio of monomer to PB rubber,and both of them affected the impact toughness and processing properties of ABS Resins.The morphology results showed that feed ratio affected not only dispersion of PB rubber particles in SAN matrix but also did morphology of rubber particles.The dispersion of the rubber particles in matrix was gradually improved with increasing feed ratio,and an increasing of SAN subinclusions distributed in PB rubber particles with it resulted in an increasing of diameter of PB rubber particles.