The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P.t. Moseley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research results from the Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium point the way to longer life and higher specific energy for lead/Acid electric-vehicle batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 1998Co-Authors: P.t. MoseleyAbstract:Abstract Amidst the welter of publicity devoted to the newer Battery chemistries, the remarkable progress made by lead/Acid Battery technologists in response to the needs of the emerging electric-vehicle market has tended to be overlooked. The flooded design of Battery, launched by Gaston Plante around 1860, has given way to a valve-regulated variant which has a history dating only from the 1970s. The key parameters of this `maintenance free' Battery have been improved markedly during the course of the development programme of the Advanced Lead–Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC), and it is likely that lead/Acid will continue to feature strongly in motive-power applications as a result of its cost advantage and of its enhanced effectiveness.
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Lead/Acid Battery myths
Journal of Power Sources, 1996Co-Authors: P.t. MoseleyAbstract:Abstract The lead/Acid Battery deserves a more positive image than has been traditional heretofore—particularly with respect to a number of aspects that relate to its utility as a power source for electric vehicles. Recent results from a large internationally coordinated research programme indicate that: (i) with proper attention to construction, valve-regulated lead/Acid batteries can be deep-discharged many times without capacity loss; (ii) lead/Acid batteries can be recharged extremely rapidly so that long journeys of electric vehicles become a realistic possibility; (iii) ranges of over 150 km between charges are achievable, and (iv) the introduction of significant numbers of lead/Acid-powered electric vehicles does offer a beneficial environmental impact.
Ludwig Joerissen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hybrid systems with lead Acid Battery and proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Journal of Power Sources, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Jossen, Harry Doering, Markus Goetz, Werner Knaupp, Juergen Garche, Ludwig JoerissenAbstract:Abstract Hybrid systems, based on a lead–Acid Battery and a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) give the possibility to combine the advantages of both technologies. The benefits for different applications are discussed and the practical realisation of such systems is shown. Furthermore a numerical model for such a hybrid system is described and results are shown and discussed. The results show that the combination of lead–Acid batteries and PEMFC shows advantages in case of applications with high peak power requirements (i.e. electric scooter) and applications where the fuel cell is used as auxiliary power supply to recharge the Battery. The high efficiency of fuel cells at partial load operation results in a good fuel economy for recharging of lead–Acid batteries with a fuel cell system.
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Hybrid systems with lead–Acid Battery and proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
Journal of Power Sources, 2005Co-Authors: Andreas Jossen, Harry Doering, Markus Goetz, Werner Knaupp, Juergen Garche, Ludwig JoerissenAbstract:Abstract Hybrid systems, based on a lead–Acid Battery and a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) give the possibility to combine the advantages of both technologies. The benefits for different applications are discussed and the practical realisation of such systems is shown. Furthermore a numerical model for such a hybrid system is described and results are shown and discussed. The results show that the combination of lead–Acid batteries and PEMFC shows advantages in case of applications with high peak power requirements (i.e. electric scooter) and applications where the fuel cell is used as auxiliary power supply to recharge the Battery. The high efficiency of fuel cells at partial load operation results in a good fuel economy for recharging of lead–Acid batteries with a fuel cell system.
Jan Kleissl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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minimizing the lead Acid Battery bank capacity through a solar pv wind turbine hybrid system for a high altitude village in the nepal himalayas
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Zahnd Alex, Angel Clark, Wendy Cheung, Jan KleisslAbstract:Of the estimated 1.6-2 billion people who lacked access to electricity at the end of the last millennium, millions have gained access to basic indoor lighting through off grid solar PV home systems with lead Acid Battery storage over the last decade. In Nepal, through government subsidy programs and INGO/NGO projects, around 350,000 solar PV home systems have been installed since 2001, mainly in remote, high altitude Himalayan communities. The author’s field experience shows that within 6-24 months, 50-70% of the solar PV home systems are either not properly functioning, or not working at all. This is mainly due to substandard equipment, lack of user awareness, inability to maintain their systems, as well as the nonexistence of after sales services. Thus, an estimated 250,000 “dead”, flooded lead-Acid batteries are either unsafely disposed of or lying around, posing huge potential hazards for people and the unique yet fragile Himalayan ecosystem. The research conducted demonstrates that by tapping into more than one renewable energy resource, converting the local available solar and wind resources into electricity through a solar PV - wind turbine hybrid RAPS (Remote Area Power Supply) system, the lead-Acid Battery bank capacity can be minimized by 57%, compared to an equivalent energy generating solar PV RAPS system, without jeopardizing, or reducing the village’s load demands. This project shows that wind and solar resources are complimentary to each other over several hours in an average day. Thus, by utilizing both of the local wind and solar resources and converting them into electricity to meet the loads directly or to store into the lead-Acid Battery bank, it allows an average of 3-4 hours longer electricity generation per day. This enables the design of smaller Battery bank capacities for hybrid RAPS systems without limiting the end users’ energy services. Hence, long-term health risks to the people, as well as environmental damage to the delicate and exceptional Himalayan flora and fauna through disposed “dead” lead-Acid batteries, is reduced.
Jiakuan Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a closed loop ammonium salt system for recovery of high purity lead tetroxide product from spent lead Acid Battery paste
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Jiakuan Yang, Sha Liang, Junxiong Wang, Peiyuan Zhang, Keke Xiao, Huijie Hou, Bingchuan Liu, Vasant R KumarAbstract:Abstract Hydrometallurgical process for recovery of spent lead-Acid Battery paste shows great advantages in reducing SO2 and lead particulates emissions than traditional pyrometallurgical process. However, the hydrometallurgical process usually has drawbacks of high consumption of chemical reagents and difficulty in removing impurities (especially Fe and Ba elements) from the recovered product. In this paper, a closed-loop ammonium salt system is proposed for spent lead-Acid Battery paste recovery. Both recirculation of leaching reagents and preparation of low-impurity recovered products have been realized. The spent lead paste is first leached by a mixed solution of ammonium acetate, acetic Acid and hydrogen peroxide. After filtration, the separated lead acetate solution is reacted with ammonium carbonate to generate lead carbonate via precipitation process. The impurity elements are efficiently removed by pH control and complexation between acetate ions and impurity elements in the leaching and precipitation processes. The soluble SO42− separated from the precipitation process is removed by adding barium acetate to generate solid BaSO4 by-product. At the same time, the regenerated ammonium acetate filtrate is separated and re-used in the next-round leaching process in order to realize a closed-loop process. In the 5th round of filtrate recirculation processes, the leaching ratio of lead is maintained at levels higher than 92.7 wt%. Furthermore, high-purity lead tetroxide is prepared by calcination of lead carbonate in air at 450 °C. The contents of Fe and Ba in the final recovered lead tetroxide product are as low as 2.7 and 5.2 mg/kg, respectively. The recovered lead tetroxide product meets the specifications for use as an additive in the positive active materials for making a new lead-Acid Battery. This study provides a feasible technology for high-value utilization of spent lead paste.
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preparation and characterization of nano structured lead oxide from spent lead Acid Battery paste
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Xinfeng Zhu, Danni Yang, Linxia Gao, Jianwen Liu, Vasant R Kumar, Jiakuan YangAbstract:Abstract As part of contribution for developing a green recycling process of spent lead Acid Battery, a nanostructural lead oxide was prepared under the present investigation in low temperature calcination of lead citrate powder. The lead citrate, the precursor for preparation of this lead oxide, was synthesized through leaching of spent lead Acid Battery paste in citric Acid solution. Both lead citrate and oxide products were characterized by means of thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the lead citrate was sheet-shape crystal of Pb(C 6 H 6 O 7 )·H 2 O. When the citrate was calcined in N 2 gas, β-PbO in the orthorhombic phase was the main product containing small amount of Pb and C and it formed as spherical particles of 50–60 nm in diameter. On combusting the citrate in air at 370 °C (for 20 min), a mixture of orthorhombic β-PbO, tetragonal α-PbO and Pb with the particle size of 100–200 nm was obtained, with β-PbO as the major product. The property of the nanostructural lead oxide was investigated by electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV). The CV measurements presented the electrochemical redox potentials, with reversibility and cycle stability over 15 cycles.
S. Ambalavanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of using sonicated sulphuric Acid as an electrolyte in a lead Acid Battery
RSC Advances, 2015Co-Authors: S. Mithin Kumar, Sundar Mayavan, Manivel Ganesan, S. AmbalavananAbstract:The consequences of adding sonicated sulphuric Acid as an electrolyte in a lead Acid Battery (LAB) have been investigated. The LAB fabricated using sonicated sulphuric Acid electrolyte shows improved performance (electrolyte conductivity and capacity) than LAB with normal sulphuric Acid electrolyte.
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multi walled carbon nanotubes percolation network enhanced the performance of negative electrode for lead Acid Battery
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2013Co-Authors: M Saravanan, P Sennu, M Ganesan, S. AmbalavananAbstract:The discharge performance of lead-Acid Battery is improved by adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an alternate conductive additive in Negative Active Mass (NAM).We report thatMWCNTs added to the negative electrode, exhibits high capacity, excellent cycling performances at 10-h rate, high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) cycling and various rates of discharge. It significantly reduces the irreversible lead sulfate on the NAM, increases the active material utilization and improves the electrode performance. The improvement of capacity and cyclic performance of the cell is attributed to the nanoscale dimension of the MWCNTs as additive. Subsequent characterization using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were carried out to understand the influence of MWCNTs on the negative electrode of lead-Acid Battery.
