The Experts below are selected from a list of 237 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
H M Seip - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acid Rain in china
Environmental Science & Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Thorjorn Larssen, H M Seip, Espen Lydersen, Dagang Tang, Yi He, Lei Duan, Rolf D Vogt, Jan Mulder, Min Shao, Yanhui WangAbstract:Rapid industrialization has put citizens and ecosystems at risk. Acid Rain emerged as an important environmental problem in China in the late 1970s. Many years of record economic growth has been accompanied by increased energy demand, greater coal combustion, and larger emission of pollutants. As a result of significant emissions and subsequent deposition of sulfur, widepsread Acid Rain is observed in southern and southwestern China. In fact, the deposition of sulfur is in some places higher than what was reported from the back triangle in central Europe in the early 1980s. In addition, nitrogen is emitted from agriculture, power production, and a rapidly increasing number of cars. As a result, considerable deposition of pollutants occurs in forested areas previously thought to be pristine. Little is known about the effects of Acid deposition on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in China. In this article, we present the current situation and what to expect in the future, largely on the basis of results from a five-year Chinese-Norwegian cooperative project. In the years ahead, new environmental challenges must be expected if proper countermeasures are not put into place.
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Acid Rain in europe and the united states an update
Environmental Science & Policy, 2004Co-Authors: Fredric C Menz, H M SeipAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses the evolution of science and policies to control Acid Rain in Europe and the United States over the past several decades. Acid Rain gained prominence in the late 1960s because of its perceived effects on ecosystem integrity. Extensive research efforts in both Europe and the United States, however, have concluded that the effects of Acid Rain—at least those on terrestrial ecosystems—were less serious than originally believed. More recently, interest in controlling Acid Rain precursors stems primarily from health concerns, particularly their effects in the form of fine particulate matter. The paper discusses the emergence of Acid Rain as an environmental concern, scientific evidence about the effects of Acidic deposition on natural ecosystems, US and European Acid Rain control policies, studies of the costs and benefits of reducing Acid Rain, and different policy contexts in Europe and the United States.
Hao Ran Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of Acid Rain on China’s socioeconomic vulnerability
Natural Hazards, 2012Co-Authors: Yue-jun Zhang, Hao Ran ChangAbstract:Acid Rain has been a great threat to socioeconomic sustainable development of China; therefore, we develop an indicator system based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity perspectives and employ the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to investigate the impact of Acid Rain on socioeconomic vulnerability of China. Some empirical findings are obtained. First, there is significant provincial difference of socioeconomic vulnerability caused by Acid Rain in China. Specifically, Tibet, Qinghai, and Shanghai are the top three provinces with the largest vulnerability but Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Jilin are bottom of the rankings. Second, adaptive capacity indicators overall appear more important than sensitivity indicators to measure the vulnerability of Acid Rain, and the most important indicators are population density and output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery while GDP per capita ranks the last. Third, upgrading energy structure and reducing outdated capacity in China prove to be effective means to mitigate vulnerability of Acid Rain, which has been validated in Guizhou and Hunan provinces. Finally, great attention should be attached to the population increase so as to curb the Acid Rain vulnerability, especially in Beijing and Tianjin. These results present a basis for future Acid Rain prevention planning and economic development in China.
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The impact of Acid Rain on China's socioeconomic vulnerability
Natural Hazards, 2012Co-Authors: Yue-jun Zhang, Hao Ran ChangAbstract:Acid Rain has been a great threat to socioeconomic sustainable development of China; therefore, we develop an indicator system based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity perspectives and employ the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to investigate the impact of Acid Rain on socioeconomic vulnerability of China. Some empirical findings are obtained. First, there is significant provincial difference of socioeconomic vulnerability caused by Acid Rain in China. Specifically, Tibet, Qinghai, and Shanghai are the top three provinces with the largest vulnerability but Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Jilin are bottom of the rankings. Second, adaptive capacity indicators overall appear more important than sensitivity indicators to measure the vulnerability of Acid Rain, and the most important indicators are population density and output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery while GDP per capita ranks the last. Third, upgrading energy structure and reducing outdated capacity in China prove to be effective means to mitigate vulnerability of Acid Rain, which has been validated in Guizhou and Hunan provinces. Finally, great attention should be attached to the population increase so as to curb the Acid Rain vulnerability, especially in Beijing and Tianjin. These results present a basis for future Acid Rain prevention planning and economic development in China.
Yue-jun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of Acid Rain on China’s socioeconomic vulnerability
Natural Hazards, 2012Co-Authors: Yue-jun Zhang, Hao Ran ChangAbstract:Acid Rain has been a great threat to socioeconomic sustainable development of China; therefore, we develop an indicator system based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity perspectives and employ the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to investigate the impact of Acid Rain on socioeconomic vulnerability of China. Some empirical findings are obtained. First, there is significant provincial difference of socioeconomic vulnerability caused by Acid Rain in China. Specifically, Tibet, Qinghai, and Shanghai are the top three provinces with the largest vulnerability but Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Jilin are bottom of the rankings. Second, adaptive capacity indicators overall appear more important than sensitivity indicators to measure the vulnerability of Acid Rain, and the most important indicators are population density and output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery while GDP per capita ranks the last. Third, upgrading energy structure and reducing outdated capacity in China prove to be effective means to mitigate vulnerability of Acid Rain, which has been validated in Guizhou and Hunan provinces. Finally, great attention should be attached to the population increase so as to curb the Acid Rain vulnerability, especially in Beijing and Tianjin. These results present a basis for future Acid Rain prevention planning and economic development in China.
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The impact of Acid Rain on China's socioeconomic vulnerability
Natural Hazards, 2012Co-Authors: Yue-jun Zhang, Hao Ran ChangAbstract:Acid Rain has been a great threat to socioeconomic sustainable development of China; therefore, we develop an indicator system based on the sensitivity and adaptive capacity perspectives and employ the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to investigate the impact of Acid Rain on socioeconomic vulnerability of China. Some empirical findings are obtained. First, there is significant provincial difference of socioeconomic vulnerability caused by Acid Rain in China. Specifically, Tibet, Qinghai, and Shanghai are the top three provinces with the largest vulnerability but Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Jilin are bottom of the rankings. Second, adaptive capacity indicators overall appear more important than sensitivity indicators to measure the vulnerability of Acid Rain, and the most important indicators are population density and output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery while GDP per capita ranks the last. Third, upgrading energy structure and reducing outdated capacity in China prove to be effective means to mitigate vulnerability of Acid Rain, which has been validated in Guizhou and Hunan provinces. Finally, great attention should be attached to the population increase so as to curb the Acid Rain vulnerability, especially in Beijing and Tianjin. These results present a basis for future Acid Rain prevention planning and economic development in China.
Fredric C Menz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acid Rain in europe and the united states an update
Environmental Science & Policy, 2004Co-Authors: Fredric C Menz, H M SeipAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses the evolution of science and policies to control Acid Rain in Europe and the United States over the past several decades. Acid Rain gained prominence in the late 1960s because of its perceived effects on ecosystem integrity. Extensive research efforts in both Europe and the United States, however, have concluded that the effects of Acid Rain—at least those on terrestrial ecosystems—were less serious than originally believed. More recently, interest in controlling Acid Rain precursors stems primarily from health concerns, particularly their effects in the form of fine particulate matter. The paper discusses the emergence of Acid Rain as an environmental concern, scientific evidence about the effects of Acidic deposition on natural ecosystems, US and European Acid Rain control policies, studies of the costs and benefits of reducing Acid Rain, and different policy contexts in Europe and the United States.
N. Yoshimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contamination performances of silicone rubber insulator subjected to Acid Rain
IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 1998Co-Authors: X. Wang, S. Kumagai, N. YoshimuraAbstract:Acid Rain causes one of the more severe environmental contaminants, and there is an increasing interest in the degradation of outdoor polymer insulating materials in severe pollution conditions such as Acid Rain. The performance of high temperature vulcanizing (HTV) silicon rubber insulators in accelerated aging of artificial Acid Rain is investigated by the salt fog method. Experimental results and theoretical analysis show that Acid Rain exerts a large erosion effect on the silicone rubber insulator. The inorganic filler alumina trihydrate (ATH) in the silicone rubber easily dissolves in Acid Rain, and the increasing discharge heat from dry band arcing due to Acid Rain can further cause the loss of ATH. The hydrophobic groups of hydrocarbon branch (ie. methyl in silicone rubber), are also degraded in Acid Rain. Therefore, the surface of aged insulators becomes rough, they become less hydrophobic, and the surface discharge current increases. However, in a subsequent dry environment, the low molecular weight (LMW) polymer silicone liquid or oil in the bulk of the insulator diffuses and migrates to the surface to provide a hydrophobic layer so that the degraded surface of silicone rubber insulator is compensated, and the contamination performance is restored to some extent. Such recovery of contamination indicates why silicone rubber insulators can be used for long times under severe environmental stress.
