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Reiner Finkeldey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the domestication state of Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) in Benin based on AFLP and microsatellite markers
Conservation Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Barbara Vornam, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida ) is a native multipurpose species important for the livelihoods of the rural populations in Benin. Trees are found in natural forests or are managed by farmers in different traditional agroforestry systems. Genetic variation at amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, four nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) and one chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) were investigated in 279 individuals from six wild and eight cultivated populations from Benin. The AFLP data revealed moderate levels of diversity of Ackee in Benin (mean diversity values are proportion of polymorphic loci = 52.8% and Nei’s gene diversity = 0.157, for 375 AFLP fragments). The mean diversity values based on nSSR-markers are expected heterozygosity = 0.286, allelic richness = 2.77. Genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations did not differ markedly. AMOVA revealed that only 7.3 and 5.2% of the variation was partitioned among populations for nSSR- and AFLP-markers, respectively. A Mantel test based on these both marker-types revealed significant correlations between population pairwise geographic distance and genetic differentiation. Differentiation among cultivated populations was higher than among wild populations. The only polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite marker (ccmp7) showed three haplotypes. Cultivated populations from northeastern Benin were fixed on one haplotype which was not observed elsewhere indicating a different origin of these populations possibly from neighboring Nigeria. Farmer-led domestication had an impact on the spatial distribution of genetic variation but did not result in significant losses of diversity within populations. Measures to conserve genetic resources of Ackee in each of the three main bioclimatic zones in Benin are proposed.
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Uses, traditional management, perception of variation and preferences in Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) fruit traits in Benin: implications for domestication and conservation
Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 2010Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Brice Sinsin, Oscar Eyog-matig, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Blighia sapida is a woody perennial multipurpose fruit tree species native to the Guinean forests of West Africa. The fleshy arils of the ripened fruits are edible. Seeds and capsules of the fruits are used for soap-making and all parts of the tree have medicinal properties. Although so far overlooked by researchers in the region, the tree is highly valued by farmers and is an important component of traditional agroforestry systems in Benin. Fresh arils, dried arils and soap are traded in local and regional markets in Benin providing substantial revenues for farmers, especially women. Recently, Ackee has emerged as high-priority species for domestication in Benin but information necessary to elaborate a clear domestication strategy is still very sketchy. This study addresses farmers' indigenous knowledge on uses, management and perception of variation of the species among different ethnic groups taking into account also gender differences. 240 randomly selected persons (50% women) belonging to five different ethnic groups, 5 women active in the processing of Ackee fruits and 6 traditional healers were surveyed with semi-structured interviews. Information collected refer mainly to the motivation of the respondents to conserve Ackee trees in their land, the local uses, the perception of variation, the preference in fruits traits, the management practices to improve the production and regenerate Ackee. People have different interests on using Ackee, variable knowledge on uses and management practices, and have reported nine differentiation criteria mainly related to the fruits. Ackee phenotypes with preferred fruit traits are perceived by local people to be more abundant in managed in-situ and cultivated stands than in unmanaged wild stands, suggesting that traditional management has initiated a domestication process. As many as 22 diseases have been reported to be healed with Ackee. In general, indigenous knowledge about Ackee varies among ethnic and gender groups. With the variation observed among ethnic groups and gender groups for indigenous knowledge and preference in fruits traits, a multiple breeding sampling strategy is recommended during germplasm collection and multiplication. This approach will promote sustainable use and conservation of Ackee genetic resources.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida , Sapindaceae) is a multipurpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee ( Litchi chinensis ). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. However, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Ackee (Blighia sapida, Sapindaceae) is a multi-purpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee (Litchi chinensis). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. How-ever, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively
Marius R. M. Ekué - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the domestication state of Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) in Benin based on AFLP and microsatellite markers
Conservation Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Barbara Vornam, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida ) is a native multipurpose species important for the livelihoods of the rural populations in Benin. Trees are found in natural forests or are managed by farmers in different traditional agroforestry systems. Genetic variation at amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, four nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) and one chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) were investigated in 279 individuals from six wild and eight cultivated populations from Benin. The AFLP data revealed moderate levels of diversity of Ackee in Benin (mean diversity values are proportion of polymorphic loci = 52.8% and Nei’s gene diversity = 0.157, for 375 AFLP fragments). The mean diversity values based on nSSR-markers are expected heterozygosity = 0.286, allelic richness = 2.77. Genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations did not differ markedly. AMOVA revealed that only 7.3 and 5.2% of the variation was partitioned among populations for nSSR- and AFLP-markers, respectively. A Mantel test based on these both marker-types revealed significant correlations between population pairwise geographic distance and genetic differentiation. Differentiation among cultivated populations was higher than among wild populations. The only polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite marker (ccmp7) showed three haplotypes. Cultivated populations from northeastern Benin were fixed on one haplotype which was not observed elsewhere indicating a different origin of these populations possibly from neighboring Nigeria. Farmer-led domestication had an impact on the spatial distribution of genetic variation but did not result in significant losses of diversity within populations. Measures to conserve genetic resources of Ackee in each of the three main bioclimatic zones in Benin are proposed.
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Ackee blighia sapida
2011Co-Authors: Marius R. M. EkuéAbstract:Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of priority food tree species in sub-Saharan Africa
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Uses, traditional management, perception of variation and preferences in Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) fruit traits in Benin: implications for domestication and conservation
Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 2010Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Brice Sinsin, Oscar Eyog-matig, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Blighia sapida is a woody perennial multipurpose fruit tree species native to the Guinean forests of West Africa. The fleshy arils of the ripened fruits are edible. Seeds and capsules of the fruits are used for soap-making and all parts of the tree have medicinal properties. Although so far overlooked by researchers in the region, the tree is highly valued by farmers and is an important component of traditional agroforestry systems in Benin. Fresh arils, dried arils and soap are traded in local and regional markets in Benin providing substantial revenues for farmers, especially women. Recently, Ackee has emerged as high-priority species for domestication in Benin but information necessary to elaborate a clear domestication strategy is still very sketchy. This study addresses farmers' indigenous knowledge on uses, management and perception of variation of the species among different ethnic groups taking into account also gender differences. 240 randomly selected persons (50% women) belonging to five different ethnic groups, 5 women active in the processing of Ackee fruits and 6 traditional healers were surveyed with semi-structured interviews. Information collected refer mainly to the motivation of the respondents to conserve Ackee trees in their land, the local uses, the perception of variation, the preference in fruits traits, the management practices to improve the production and regenerate Ackee. People have different interests on using Ackee, variable knowledge on uses and management practices, and have reported nine differentiation criteria mainly related to the fruits. Ackee phenotypes with preferred fruit traits are perceived by local people to be more abundant in managed in-situ and cultivated stands than in unmanaged wild stands, suggesting that traditional management has initiated a domestication process. As many as 22 diseases have been reported to be healed with Ackee. In general, indigenous knowledge about Ackee varies among ethnic and gender groups. With the variation observed among ethnic groups and gender groups for indigenous knowledge and preference in fruits traits, a multiple breeding sampling strategy is recommended during germplasm collection and multiplication. This approach will promote sustainable use and conservation of Ackee genetic resources.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida , Sapindaceae) is a multipurpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee ( Litchi chinensis ). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. However, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Ackee (Blighia sapida, Sapindaceae) is a multi-purpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee (Litchi chinensis). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. How-ever, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively
Oliver Gailing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the domestication state of Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) in Benin based on AFLP and microsatellite markers
Conservation Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Barbara Vornam, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida ) is a native multipurpose species important for the livelihoods of the rural populations in Benin. Trees are found in natural forests or are managed by farmers in different traditional agroforestry systems. Genetic variation at amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, four nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) and one chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) were investigated in 279 individuals from six wild and eight cultivated populations from Benin. The AFLP data revealed moderate levels of diversity of Ackee in Benin (mean diversity values are proportion of polymorphic loci = 52.8% and Nei’s gene diversity = 0.157, for 375 AFLP fragments). The mean diversity values based on nSSR-markers are expected heterozygosity = 0.286, allelic richness = 2.77. Genetic variation of wild and cultivated populations did not differ markedly. AMOVA revealed that only 7.3 and 5.2% of the variation was partitioned among populations for nSSR- and AFLP-markers, respectively. A Mantel test based on these both marker-types revealed significant correlations between population pairwise geographic distance and genetic differentiation. Differentiation among cultivated populations was higher than among wild populations. The only polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite marker (ccmp7) showed three haplotypes. Cultivated populations from northeastern Benin were fixed on one haplotype which was not observed elsewhere indicating a different origin of these populations possibly from neighboring Nigeria. Farmer-led domestication had an impact on the spatial distribution of genetic variation but did not result in significant losses of diversity within populations. Measures to conserve genetic resources of Ackee in each of the three main bioclimatic zones in Benin are proposed.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:Ackee ( Blighia sapida , Sapindaceae) is a multipurpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee ( Litchi chinensis ). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. However, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively.
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Transferability of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers Developed in Litchi chinensis to Blighia sapida (Sapindaceae)
2009Co-Authors: Marius R. M. Ekué, Oliver Gailing, Reiner FinkeldeyAbstract:# The Author(s) 2009. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Ackee (Blighia sapida, Sapindaceae) is a multi-purpose fruit tree species of high economic importance, native to the Guinean forests of West Africa, and belongs to the same family as that of lychee (Litchi chinensis). In this study, a set of 12 primer pairs for simple sequence repeats (SSRs) previously developed for lychee has been evaluated for polymorphism in 16 Ackee trees from different populations. Seven primer pairs have been found to be transferable, and four have revealed polymorphisms. How-ever, the average number of alleles per locus has dropped from 4.9 for lychee to 3.7 for Ackee. Characterization of the four polymorphic markers in 279 individuals belonging to14 different Ackee populations from Benin has revealed that the numbers of alleles per locus range from two to 14 with a mean number of 5.8. The observed and expected heterozygosities range between 0.020 to 0.359 and 0.020 to 0.396, respectively
Donna A. Minott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of seed size on residual hypoglycin levels in Ackee
Food Research International, 2012Co-Authors: Safiyyah J.s. Dundee, Donna A. MinottAbstract:Abstract Consumption of large amounts of hypoglycin A can lead to the sometimes fatal Jamaican Vomiting Sickness necessitating regulation of the residual hypoglycin levels in commercial Ackee products. Factors contributing to elevated levels of hypoglycin A in the edible arilli of the tree ripened fruit are under investigation. The current study examined the influence of seed maturity on the residual hypoglycin concentrations in the seed and the attached aril of mature fruits. Tree-ripened Ackee fruits with fully formed, regular-to-medium sized and very small seeds harvested from several Ackee trees were analyzed for hypoglycins A and B by Reversed Phase HPLC after pre-column derivitization with phenylisothiocyanate. The majority of the sampled Ackee population consisted of mature arilli with regular-to-medium sized seeds (83.0 ± 6.5%). Regular-to-medium sized seeds contained significantly more hypoglycin B (524–767 mg/100 g) than very small seeds (
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Tracking Hypoglycins A and B over Different Maturity Stages: Implications for Detoxification of Ackee (Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) Fruits
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Camille S. Bowen-forbes, Donna A. MinottAbstract:Consumption of improperly ripened Ackee ( Blighia sapida K.D. Koenig) often results in fatalities. The causal toxin, hypoglycin A, decreases in the edible arilli upon maturity; regulation of hypoglycin A in the arilli is thus critical. Hypoglycin B, also toxic, is confined to the seeds. Hypoglycins A and B were tracked in Ackees grown in Jamaica over different maturity stages using RP-HPLC. Studies on the 'Butter' and 'Cheese' Ackee varieties and across two different harvest seasons were conducted. In 'Cheese' Ackees, hypoglycin A decreased from about 8000 mg/kg in the green arilli and seeds to 271 and 1451 mg/kg, respectively, in the ripe fruit whereas hypoglycin B levels in the seeds increased from 1629 to 11774 mg/kg. The strong inverse relationship demonstrated that hypoglycin B in the seeds serves as a sink for hypoglycin A from the ripening arilli and is thereby involved in the detoxification mechanism of the fruit.
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structural characterization of hypoglycin b a diastereomeric dipeptide from the Ackee fruit blighia sapida koenig by nmr experiments
Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 2009Co-Authors: Camille S Bowenforbes, Donna A. MinottAbstract:to be identical. [9] No spectroscopic data have previously been reported. We therefore undertook the NMR characterization of HGB isolated from Ackee seeds. We also isolated HGA from the Ackee seeds for NMR spectral comparison with HGB. During the course of the study it was revealed that, similar to HGA, HGB also exists naturally as a pair of diastereomers, a finding which is for the first time being reported.
Noureddine Benkeblia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of ripening stage on the content and antioxidant capacities of phenolic compounds of arils seeds and husks of Ackee fruit blighia sapida koenig
Scientia Horticulturae, 2019Co-Authors: Alex Sybron, Dilip K Rai, Kisan R Vaidya, Mohammad B Hossain, Noureddine BenkebliaAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study were to reveal the profile and the antioxidant capacities of total phenolic compounds (TPC) of arils, seeds and husks of Ackee fruit of different ripening stages. Fruits were harvest at not open, mid open and fully open pods stages. Phenolic compounds profiled using UHPLC-MS/MS revealed a total of seventeen different phenolics. The highest level (15 mg/g DW) noted was vanillic acid in the seeds of not open pods, while the lowest level (0.1 mg/g DW) noted were gallic acid and ferulic acid in the arils and the husks of not open pods. During ripening, TPC decreased in the arils, but increased in the seeds and husk. TPC ranged from lowest value of 244.29 μg/g DW in the arils of fully open pods to the highest value of 652.72 μg/g DW in the husks of fully open pods. The husks of fully open pods exhibited the highest DPPH-radical scavenging capacity, H2O2 scavenging capacity and the reducing power capacity, while the seeds exhibited the lowest values. On the other hand, high correlation was found between TPC and antioxidant capacities. Conclusively, the results of this study provide important information on the phenolic compounds profile and their antioxidant properties of different of Ackee fruit harvested at different ripening stages, and this information is very useful for determining the nutritional quality of this fruit for better use either in human, animal or industry.
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Saccharides and fructooligosaccharides composition of green and ripe Averrhoa carambola, Blighia sapida and Spondias dulcis fruits.
Food chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Noureddine Benkeblia, Mercedes G. LópezAbstract:The maturation of fruits is characterized by numerous compositional changes during ripening and these changes contribute in their quality attributes. This study aimed to assess the contents of saccharides and potential fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of Ackee (Blighia sapida Koenig), carambola (Averrhoa carambola) and June plum (Spondias dulcis), at green and ripe stages. Beside glucose and fructose and lower sucrose content, three short chain fructooligosaccharides were identified in Ackee fruit, namely 1-kestose (1(F)-β-d-fructofuranosyl sucrose), nystose (1(F)(1-β-d-fructofuranosyl)2 sucrose) and DP5 (1(F)(1-β-d-fructofuranosyl)3 sucrose), while in carambola and June plum DP5 (1(F)(1-β-d-fructofuranosyl)3 sucrose) was not detected. Ripening stage also affected significantly the contents of these saccharides and sFOS.
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Respiration rate, ethylene production and biochemical variations of Ackee fruit arils (Blighia sapida Köenig) stored under three temperature regimes
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Noureddine BenkebliaAbstract:Abstract The storage of fruit is characterized by many physiological and biochemical changes, and this study aimed to study respiration rate, ethylene production, and other biochemical variations of Ackee fruit arils ( Blighia sapida ), cheese variety, stored at 5, 10 and 20 °C during eight days. During storage, respiration rate decreased but ethylene production increased. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and short chain fructooligosaccharides – 1-kestose, nystose and DP-5 – and total phenolic compounds also decreased, however, the decrease was much higher at 20 °C. The L *, a *, b , C * and H * values showed that lower temperatures preserved much better colour and visual quality, and arils stored at 5 °C were rated excellent compared to those stored at 10 and 20 °C. The quality of arils stored at 10 °C also was more than satisfactory, while arils stored at 20 °C were completely spoiled after 8 days and showed high weight losses compared to arils stored at 5 and 10 °C, which did not show any spoilage and very low weight losses. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that Ackee fruit arils can be stored in very good conditions for a minimum of eight days under low temperature regimes, although at 5 °C arils showed the best shelf-life.
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assessment and profiling of the fatty acids in two Ackee fruit blighia sapida koenig varieties during different ripening stages
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2013Co-Authors: M.a. Emanuel, F Gutierrezorozco, Elhadi M Yahia, Noureddine BenkebliaAbstract:BACKGROUND: The ripening of fruits is characterized by physical, chemical and biochemical compositional changes such as color, sugars and phenolic compounds. Ackee fruit is famous in Jamaica and the Caribbean. This study aimed to assess the variation of fatty acids in two varieties (cheese and butter) Ackee (Blighiasapida) fruits during five different ripening stages. RESULTS: The total fatty acid content of Ackee fruit was much higher in arils and ranged from 283.4 to 465.1 g kg −1 dry weight (DW), while in husk they ranged from 235.2 to 465.1 g kg −1 DW in both varieties. Total fatty acid content declined in the arils and the husks as the fruit ripened. Five major fatty acids were found: palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3). In the arils, oleic acid was found at the highest concentration, followed by palmitic, stearic, linoleic and last linolenic acid. The unsaturated:saturated ratio of fatty acids varied from 1.23 to 3.26 in the arils of both varieties, and from 1.03 to 5.05 in the husk. Monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 8.56 to 25.19 in the arils and from 0.62 to 2.33 in the husk. CONCLUSION: The results show that Ackee arils contain much higher levels of fats than the husk and the major fatty acid in the arils was oleic acid (9-cis-oleic acid, an omega n-9), while in the husk unsaturated fatty acids were higher than the saturated ones.Oleicacidwasthemajorfattyacidinbothvarieties,andarilfattyacidcontentwas10‐20timeshigherthaninthehusk.In both varieties, unsaturated fatty acids were relatively higher than saturated ones; however, total fatty acids showed a decline with ripening for arils and husk tissues. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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Ackee fruit ( Blighia sapida Konig)
Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 2011Co-Authors: M.a. Emanuel, Noureddine BenkebliaAbstract:Abstract: The Ackee (Blighia sapida), a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family, has its origin in West Africa but has traversed the Atlantic Ocean, making the Caribbean (where it grows wildly and is also cultivated) its home. The colloquial name Ackee is derived from the terms ‘anke’ and ‘akye-fufuo’, which are used to describe the fruit in West Africa. It was named Blighia sapida in honour of the infamous Captain William Bligh who transported the fruit from Jamaica to England in 1793. Although Ackee fruit was first known for its poisonous properties, it is nowadays considered one of the major fruits consumed in Jamaica and is an ingredient of the national dish Ackee Saltfish. Extensive literature exists on hypoglycin A, the toxic compound of unripe Ackee, while no referenced data are readily available on its physiology and reports are very limited on its biochemistry. The aim of this chapter is to fill this gap moderately, and give an overview on the fruit as fresh and commercial produce.
