The Experts below are selected from a list of 361629 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Catharine B Craven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute Effects of whole body vibration during passive standing on soleus h reflex in subjects with and without spinal cord injury
2010Co-Authors: Dimitry G Sayenko, Kei Masani, Milad Alizadehmeghrazi, Milos R Popovic, Catharine B CravenAbstract:Abstract Whole-body vibration (WBV) is being used to enhance neuromuscular performance including muscle strength, power, and endurance in many settings among diverse patient groups including elite athletes. However, the mechanisms underlying the observed neuromuscular Effects of WBV have not been established. The extent to which WBV will produce similar neuromuscular Effects among patients with neurological impairments unable to voluntarily contract their lower extremity muscles is unknown. We hypothesized that modulation of spinal motorneuronal excitability during WBV may be achieved without voluntary contraction. The purpose of our study was to describe and compare the Acute Effects of WBV during passive standing in a standing frame on the soleus H-reflex among men with and without spinal cord injury (SCI). In spinal cord intact participants, WBV caused significant inhibition of the H-reflex as early as 6 s after vibration onset (9.0 ± 3.9%) (p
Howard I Maibach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo cutaneous blood flow and transepidermal water loss measurements
1997Co-Authors: Rhonda M Brand, Parminder Singh, Elena Aspecarranza, Howard I Maibach, Richard H GuyAbstract:The objective of this study was to quantify the Acute Effects of iontophoretic current passage on human skin in vivo. Specifically, local skin blood flow (SBF) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) have been measured at the sites of electrode application before and subsequent to iontophoresis at current levels which are generally considered to be ‘reasonable’. Infrared spectra were also recorded at the same skin sites using the attenuated total reflectance technique (ATR-IR). The current levels administered were up to 0.5 mA/cm2 for a maximum of 25 min. It was found that current application for only 5 min was sufficient to cause a significant increase in SBF. Longer periods of current flow induced greater changes in SBF, the elevated level of which persisted for longer times after the termination of iontophoresis. Typically, SBF increased more beneath the anode than beneath the cathode, although visually the degree of irritation was sometimes difficult to distinguish. All subjects were able to feel the application of current, the majority registering greater discomfort at the anode. Apart from the occlusive effect of the electrode chamber solutions, iontophoresis elicited no significant change in TEWL relative to the no-current controls. Similarly, ATR-IR detected no major changes in the spectroscopic profile of the outer stratum corneum. Only relatively minor alterations in protein conformational distribution were observed. In summary, the Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo are quite moderate. The most significant effect is the rather consistent induction of an erythematous response, the persistence of which depends upon the quantity of charge and the absolute level of current delivered.
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Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo cutaneous blood flow and transepidermal water loss measurements
1997Co-Authors: Rhonda M Brand, Parminder Singh, Elena Aspecarranza, Howard I MaibachAbstract:The objective of this study was to quantify the Acute Effects of iontophoretic current passage on human skin in vivo. Specifically, local skin blood flow (SBF) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) have been measured at the sites of electrode application before and subsequent to iontophoresis at current levels which are generally considered to be ‘reasonable’. Infrared spectra were also recorded at the same skin sites using the attenuated total reflectance technique (ATR-IR). The current levels administered were up to 0.5 mA/cm2 for a maximum of 25 min. It was found that current application for only 5 min was sufficient to cause a significant increase in SBF. Longer periods of current flow induced greater changes in SBF, the elevated level of which persisted for longer times after the termination of iontophoresis. Typically, SBF increased more beneath the anode than beneath the cathode, although visually the degree of irritation was sometimes difficult to distinguish. All subjects were able to feel the application of current, the majority registering greater discomfort at the anode. Apart from the occlusive effect of the electrode chamber solutions, iontophoresis elicited no significant change in TEWL relative to the no-current controls. Similarly, ATR-IR detected no major changes in the spectroscopic profile of the outer stratum corneum. Only relatively minor alterations in protein conformational distribution were observed. In summary, the Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo are quite moderate. The most significant effect is the rather consistent induction of an erythematous response, the persistence of which depends upon the quantity of charge and the absolute level of current delivered.
Rob M Van Dam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute Effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on incretin hormones
2011Co-Authors: Margreet R Olthof, Aimee E Van Dijk, Rob J Heine, Carolyn F Deacon, Rob M Van DamAbstract:Coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that this is mediated by incretin hormones by measuring the Acute Effects of decaffeinated coffee and coffee components on GLP-1 and GIP concentrations. A randomized cross-over trial of the Effects of 12 g decaffeinated coffee, 1 g chlorogenic acid, 500 mg trigonelline, and placebo on total and intact GLP-1 and GIP concentrations during an oral glucose tolerance test took place in fifteen overweight men. No treatment significantly affected the overall GLP-1 or GIP secretion pattern following an OGTT relative to placebo. Decaffeinated coffee slightly increased total GLP-1 concentration 30 minutes after ingestion (before the OGTT) relative to placebo (2.7 pmol/L, p = 0.03), but this change did not correspond with changes in glucose or insulin secretion. These findings do not support the hypothesis that coffee Acutely improves glucose tolerance through Effects on the secretion of incretin hormones. Chronic Effects of coffee and its major components still need to be investigated.
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Acute Effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance
2009Co-Authors: Aimee E Van Dijk, Margreet R Olthof, Joke C Meeuse, Elin Seebus, Rob J Heine, Rob M Van DamAbstract:OBJECTIVE Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the Acute Effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover trial of the Effects of 12 g decaffeinated coffee, 1 g chlorogenic acid, 500 mg trigonelline, and placebo (1 g mannitol) on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 15 overweight men. RESULTS Chlorogenic acid and trigonelline ingestion significantly reduced glucose (−0.7 mmol/l, P = 0.007, and −0.5 mmol/l, P = 0.024, respectively) and insulin (−73 pmol/l, P = 0.038, and −117 pmol/l, P = 0.007) concentrations 15 min following an OGTT compared with placebo. None of the treatments affected insulin or glucose area under the curve values during the OGTT compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Chlorogenic acid and trigonelline reduced early glucose and insulin responses during an OGTT.
Rhonda M Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo cutaneous blood flow and transepidermal water loss measurements
1997Co-Authors: Rhonda M Brand, Parminder Singh, Elena Aspecarranza, Howard I Maibach, Richard H GuyAbstract:The objective of this study was to quantify the Acute Effects of iontophoretic current passage on human skin in vivo. Specifically, local skin blood flow (SBF) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) have been measured at the sites of electrode application before and subsequent to iontophoresis at current levels which are generally considered to be ‘reasonable’. Infrared spectra were also recorded at the same skin sites using the attenuated total reflectance technique (ATR-IR). The current levels administered were up to 0.5 mA/cm2 for a maximum of 25 min. It was found that current application for only 5 min was sufficient to cause a significant increase in SBF. Longer periods of current flow induced greater changes in SBF, the elevated level of which persisted for longer times after the termination of iontophoresis. Typically, SBF increased more beneath the anode than beneath the cathode, although visually the degree of irritation was sometimes difficult to distinguish. All subjects were able to feel the application of current, the majority registering greater discomfort at the anode. Apart from the occlusive effect of the electrode chamber solutions, iontophoresis elicited no significant change in TEWL relative to the no-current controls. Similarly, ATR-IR detected no major changes in the spectroscopic profile of the outer stratum corneum. Only relatively minor alterations in protein conformational distribution were observed. In summary, the Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo are quite moderate. The most significant effect is the rather consistent induction of an erythematous response, the persistence of which depends upon the quantity of charge and the absolute level of current delivered.
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Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo cutaneous blood flow and transepidermal water loss measurements
1997Co-Authors: Rhonda M Brand, Parminder Singh, Elena Aspecarranza, Howard I MaibachAbstract:The objective of this study was to quantify the Acute Effects of iontophoretic current passage on human skin in vivo. Specifically, local skin blood flow (SBF) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) have been measured at the sites of electrode application before and subsequent to iontophoresis at current levels which are generally considered to be ‘reasonable’. Infrared spectra were also recorded at the same skin sites using the attenuated total reflectance technique (ATR-IR). The current levels administered were up to 0.5 mA/cm2 for a maximum of 25 min. It was found that current application for only 5 min was sufficient to cause a significant increase in SBF. Longer periods of current flow induced greater changes in SBF, the elevated level of which persisted for longer times after the termination of iontophoresis. Typically, SBF increased more beneath the anode than beneath the cathode, although visually the degree of irritation was sometimes difficult to distinguish. All subjects were able to feel the application of current, the majority registering greater discomfort at the anode. Apart from the occlusive effect of the electrode chamber solutions, iontophoresis elicited no significant change in TEWL relative to the no-current controls. Similarly, ATR-IR detected no major changes in the spectroscopic profile of the outer stratum corneum. Only relatively minor alterations in protein conformational distribution were observed. In summary, the Acute Effects of iontophoresis on human skin in vivo are quite moderate. The most significant effect is the rather consistent induction of an erythematous response, the persistence of which depends upon the quantity of charge and the absolute level of current delivered.
P A J B M Huijing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Acute Effects of intramuscular aponeurotomy on rat gastrocnemius medialis force transmission muscle force and sarcomere length
1999Co-Authors: Richard T Jaspers, Reinald Brunner, J J M Pel, P A J B M HuijingAbstract:Acute Effects of intramuscular aponeurotomy on muscle force and geometry as a function to muscle length were studied in rat m. gastrocnemius medialis (GM). Acutely after aponeurotomy, activation of the muscle at increasing lengths (Acute trajectory) showed a spontaneous and progressive but partial tearing of the connective tissue interface between the fibres inserting directly proximally and distally to the location of the section. After this the muscle consisted morphologically of a stable proximal and a distal part (post-aponeurotomy). Post-aponeurotomy mean active sarcomere length within fibres of the proximal part was shown to be unaffected. In contrast, mean sarcomere length within the distal part was reduced substantially after aponeurotomy. However active sarcomeres in the distal part were still attaining higher lengths with increasing muscle lengths (p<0.005), indicating myofascial force transmission through the intact part of the connective tissue interface of the muscle parts. Post-aponeurotomy optimum muscle force was reduced substantially to less than 45% of pre-aponeurotomy values. During the Acute trajectory the muscle yielded approximately 20% higher forces than post-aponeurotomy, indicating that myofascial force transmission was related to the area of connective tissue interface. It is concluded that after aponeurotomy of the proximal aponeurosis of rat GM, fibres without direct myotendinous connection to the origin of the muscle are still able to contribute to muscle force. As the magnitude of reduction in muscle force can only be explained partially by the spontaneous rupture of the connective tissue interface between proximal and distal muscle part, other factors causing a decrease of muscle force are present. Clinical implication of Acute Effects of intramuscular aponeurotomy are discussed.