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Laurence Steinberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • emerging findings from research on Adolescent Development and juvenile justice
    Victims & Offenders, 2012
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth Cauffman, Laurence Steinberg
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three fundamental questions have continued to challenge the juvenile justice system: (1) Should Adolescents be held to adult standards of criminal culpability and, accordingly, be exposed to the same punishment as adults? (2) Do Adolescents possess the necessary capabilities to function as competent defendants in an adversarial court proceeding? (3) How are juvenile offenders affected by the sorts of punitive sanctions that became increasingly popular during the last several decades? Over the past decade, there has been a remarkable expansion of scientific knowledge relevant to Adolescent Development and juvenile justice in general, and these specific questions in particular. As such, the goal of this article is to provide a summary of what is known in Developmental research and how it has (or has not) influenced juvenile justice practice and policy—specifically in the realms of brain Development, cognitive Development, and psychosocial/socio-emotional Development.

  • Adolescent Development and juvenile justice
    Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Laurence Steinberg
    Abstract:

    Although justice system policy and practice cannot, and should not, be dictated solely by studies of Adolescent Development, the ways in which we respond to juvenile offending should be informed by the lessons of Developmental science. This review begins with a brief overview of the history, rationale, and workings of the American juvenile justice system. Following this, I summarize findings from studies of brain, cognitive, and psychosocial Development in adolescence that have implications for the treatment of juveniles in the justice system. The utility of Developmental science in this context is illustrated by the application of these research findings to three fundamental issues in contemporary justice policy: the criminal culpability of Adolescents, Adolescents’ competence to stand trial, and the impact of punitive sanctions on Adolescents’ Development and behavior. Taken together, the lessons of Developmental science offer strong support for the maintenance of a separate juvenile justice system in which Adolescents are judged, tried, and sanctioned in Developmentally appropriate ways.

  • Adolescent Development and the regulation of youth crime
    The Future of Children, 2008
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth S Scott, Laurence Steinberg
    Abstract:

    Summary Elizabeth Scott and Laurence Steinberg explore the dramatic changes in the law’s conception of young offenders between the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentyfirst. At the dawn of the juvenile court era, they note, most youths were tried and punished as if they were adults. Early juvenile court reformers argued strongly against such a view, believing that the justice system should offer young offenders treatment that would cure them of their antisocial ways. That rehabilitative model of juvenile justice held sway until a sharp upswing in youth violence at the end of the twentieth century led both public opinion and public policy toward a view that youths should be held to the same standard of criminal accountability as adults. Lawmakers seemed to lose sight of Developmental differences between Adolescents and adults. But Scott and Steinberg note that lawmakers and the public appear now to be rethinking their views once more. A justice system that operates on the principle of “adult time for adult crime” now seems to many to take too little note of age and immaturity in calculating criminal punishment. In 2005 the United States Supreme Court abolished the juvenile death penalty as cruel and unusual punishment, emphasizing that the immaturity of Adolescents made them less culpable than adult criminals. In addition, state legislatures recently have repealed or moderated some of the punitive laws they recently enacted. Meanwhile, observe the authors, public anger has abated and attitudes toward young offenders have softened somewhat. In response to these changes, Scott and Steinberg argue that it is appropriate to reexamine juvenile justice policy and to devise a new model for the twenty-first century. In this article, they propose what they call a Developmental model. They observe that substantial new scientific evi dence about adolescence and criminal activity by Adolescents provides the building blocks for a new legal regime superior to today’s policy. They put Adolescent offenders into an intermediate legal category—neither children, as they were seen in the early juvenile court era, nor adults, as they often are seen today. They observe that such an approach is not only more compatible than the current regime with basic principles of fairness at the heart of the criminal law, but also more likely to promote social welfare by reducing the social cost of juvenile crime.

  • Adolescent Development in interpersonal context
    Handbook of Child Psychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Andrew W Collins, Laurence Steinberg
    Abstract:

    This chapter addresses the psychological processes associated with attaining autonomy and forming interdependent relationships with others during the second decade of life. We divide the chapter into six major sections. First, we provide an overview of the defining features of adolescence, including biological and cognitive maturation and changes in societal expectations of Adolescent individuals. Second, we characterize influential conceptual perspectives on adolescence. Third, we outline the expanding social networks of Adolescents and the nature and significance of interpersonal relationships with family members, friends, and romantic interests. Fourth, we describe the impact of social contexts, such as neighborhoods, schools, the workplace, and leisure settings. Fifth, we consider key Adolescent Developmental tasks of achieving both a sense of independence and satisfying and effective interdependent relationships with others. Finally, we consider how this contemporary approach illuminates growth and change during adolescence, as well as differences between childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Keywords: adolescence; independence; interdependence; interpersonal Development

  • Negative correlates of part-time employment during adolescence : replication and elaboration
    Developmental Psychology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Laurence Steinberg, Sanford M. Dornbusch
    Abstract:

    This study examines the relation between part-time employment and Adolescent Development in a heterogeneous sample of approximately 4,000 15- through 18-year-olds.

Nina Lindberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • two years of gender identity service for minors overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in Adolescent Development
    Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Riittakerttu Kaltialaheino, Maria Sumia, Marja Tyolajarvi, Nina Lindberg
    Abstract:

    Background Increasing numbers of Adolescents present in Adolescent gender identity services, desiring sex reassignment (SR). The aim of this study is to describe the Adolescent applicants for legal and medical sex reassignment during the first two years of Adolescent gender identity team in Finland, in terms of sociodemographic, psychiatric and gender identity related factors and Adolescent Development.

  • two years of gender identity service for minors overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in Adolescent Development
    Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Riittakerttu Kaltialaheino, Maria Sumia, Marja Tyolajarvi, Nina Lindberg
    Abstract:

    Increasing numbers of Adolescents present in Adolescent gender identity services, desiring sex reassignment (SR). The aim of this study is to describe the Adolescent applicants for legal and medical sex reassignment during the first two years of Adolescent gender identity team in Finland, in terms of sociodemographic, psychiatric and gender identity related factors and Adolescent Development. Structured quantitative retrospective chart review and qualitative analysis of case files of all Adolescent SR applicants who entered the assessment by the end of 2013. The number of referrals exceeded expectations in light of epidemiological knowledge. Natal girls were markedly overrepresented among applicants. Severe psychopathology preceding onset of gender dysphoria was common. Autism spectrum problems were very common. The findings do not fit the commonly accepted image of a gender dysphoric minor. Treatment guidelines need to consider gender dysphoria in minors in the context of severe psychopathology and Developmental difficulties.

Salahuddin Ahmed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Daniel A Santisteban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • drug abuse in african american and hispanic Adolescents culture Development and behavior
    2007
    Co-Authors: Jose Szapocznik, Guillermo Prado, Ann Kathleen Burlew, Robert A Williams, Daniel A Santisteban
    Abstract:

    Abstract An understanding of African American and Hispanic Adolescent drug abuse occurs at the intersection of context, Development, and behavior. The focus of this review is on the impact of racial/ethnic culture as one of the important contexts that influence Adolescent Development toward or away from pro-social behaviors. Because family plays a major role in both African American and Hispanic cultures, it is also a centerpiece of any discussion of Adolescent Development in these groups. This review on the state of the science in drug abuse for African American and Hispanic Adolescents focuses on epidemiology, culturally specific risk and protective processes, and prevention and treatment research. From the perspective of a broad lens, specific minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanics would appear to have more in common than not. However, each of these groups encompasses considerable genetic, historical, social, and cultural heterogeneity. Investigation across such diversity will yield a more complete picture of the human condition.

  • drug abuse in african american and hispanic Adolescents culture Development and behavior
    Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jose Szapocznik, Guillermo Prado, Ann Kathleen Burlew, Robert A Williams, Daniel A Santisteban
    Abstract:

    AbstractAn understanding of African American and Hispanic Adolescent drug abuse occurs at the intersection of context, Development, and behavior. The focus of this review is on the impact of racial/ethnic culture as one of the important contexts that influence Adolescent Development toward or away from prosocial behaviors. Because family plays a major role in both African American and Hispanic cultures, it is also a centerpiece of any discussion of Adolescent Development in these groups. This review on the state of the science in drug abuse for African American and Hispanic Adolescents focuses on epidemiology, culturally specific risk and protective processes, and prevention and treatment research. From the perspective of a broad lens, specific minority groups such as African Americans and Hispanics would appear to have more in common than not. However, each of these groups encompasses considerable genetic, historical, social, and cultural heterogeneity. Investigation across such diversity will yield a mo...

Riittakerttu Kaltialaheino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • two years of gender identity service for minors overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in Adolescent Development
    Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Riittakerttu Kaltialaheino, Maria Sumia, Marja Tyolajarvi, Nina Lindberg
    Abstract:

    Background Increasing numbers of Adolescents present in Adolescent gender identity services, desiring sex reassignment (SR). The aim of this study is to describe the Adolescent applicants for legal and medical sex reassignment during the first two years of Adolescent gender identity team in Finland, in terms of sociodemographic, psychiatric and gender identity related factors and Adolescent Development.

  • two years of gender identity service for minors overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in Adolescent Development
    Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2015
    Co-Authors: Riittakerttu Kaltialaheino, Maria Sumia, Marja Tyolajarvi, Nina Lindberg
    Abstract:

    Increasing numbers of Adolescents present in Adolescent gender identity services, desiring sex reassignment (SR). The aim of this study is to describe the Adolescent applicants for legal and medical sex reassignment during the first two years of Adolescent gender identity team in Finland, in terms of sociodemographic, psychiatric and gender identity related factors and Adolescent Development. Structured quantitative retrospective chart review and qualitative analysis of case files of all Adolescent SR applicants who entered the assessment by the end of 2013. The number of referrals exceeded expectations in light of epidemiological knowledge. Natal girls were markedly overrepresented among applicants. Severe psychopathology preceding onset of gender dysphoria was common. Autism spectrum problems were very common. The findings do not fit the commonly accepted image of a gender dysphoric minor. Treatment guidelines need to consider gender dysphoria in minors in the context of severe psychopathology and Developmental difficulties.