The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leslie D Leve - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contributions of mothers and fathers parenting to Children s self regulation evidence from an adoption study
Developmental Science, 2018Co-Authors: David J Bridgett, Misaki N Natsuaki, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:The origins of top-down self-regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents' own top-down self-regulation. Because Children's top-down self-regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top-down self-regulation, the effects of parenting on Children's top-down self-regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene-environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on Children's top-down self-regulation using a longitudinal, adoption-at-birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on Children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their Adopted Child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of Adopted Children. Adoptive mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting were assessed when Children were 27 months of age and biological mothers' top-down self-regulation was assessed when Children were 54 months of age. Adopted Children's top-down self-regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for Child gender, biological mother top-down self-regulation, and the potential evocative effects of Adopted Child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to Children's top-down self-regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young Children's top-down self-regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence Children's top-down self-regulation are discussed.
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using an adoption biological family design to examine associations between maternal trauma maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Aleksandria Perez Grabow, Atika Khurana, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:Maternal trauma is a complex risk factor that has been linked to adverse Child outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study, which included adoptive and biological families, examined the heritable and environmental mechanisms by which maternal trauma and associated depressive symptoms are linked to Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Path analyses were used to analyze data from 541 adoptive mother–Adopted Child (AM–AC) dyads and 126 biological mother–biological Child (BM–BC) dyads; the two family types were linked through the same biological mother. Rearing mother’s trauma was associated with Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in AM–AC and BM–BC dyads, and this association was mediated by rearing mothers’ depressive symptoms, with the exception of biological Child externalizing behavior, for which biological mother trauma had a direct influence only. Significant associations between maternal trauma and Child behavior in dyads that share only environment (i.e., AM–AC dyads) suggest an environmental mechanism of influence for maternal trauma. Significant associations were also observed between maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behavior in dyads that were only genetically related, with no shared environment (i.e., BM–AC dyads), suggesting a heritable pathway of influence via maternal depressive symptoms.
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effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptoms on Adopted Child hpa regulation independent and moderated influences
Developmental Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidemarie K Laurent, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D Leve, David ReissAbstract:This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on Child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 192 families as part of the Early Growth and Development adoption Study. Child morning/evening cortisol levels and Child symptoms of internalizing disorders (according to mother/father report on the Child Behavior Checklist) were assessed at 54 months, and birth mother diurnal cortisol was measured at 48 months postnatal. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test main effects and interactions of parents' symptoms predicting Child cortisol, controlling for birth mother cortisol. Prenatal exposure to birth mother symptoms predicted lower Child cortisol (main effect), as did postnatal exposure to adoptive parent symptoms (interaction effects). Adoptive mother 9-month symptoms exacerbated cortisol-lowering effects of both concurrent paternal symptoms and later (27-month) maternal symptoms, and the effect of birth mother cortisol. Lower Child cortisol, in turn, was associated with higher Child internalizing symptoms. Implications are discussed with respect to the intergenerational transmission of depression risk.
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infant pathways to externalizing behavior evidence of genotype environment interaction
Child Development, 2010Co-Authors: Leslie D Leve, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, David C R Kerr, Laura V Scaramella, John B Reid, Rand D Conger, David ReissAbstract:To further the understanding of the effects of early experiences, 9-month-old infants were observed during a frustration task. The analytical sample was composed of 348 linked triads of participants (adoptive parents, Adopted Child, and birth parent[s]) from a prospective adoption study. It was hypothesized that genetic risk for externalizing problems and affect dysregulation in the adoptive parents would independently and interactively predict a known precursor to externalizing problems: heightened infant attention to frustrating events. Results supported the moderation hypotheses involving adoptive mother affect dysregulation: Infants at genetic risk showed heightened attention to frustrating events only when the adoptive mother had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. The Genotype x Environment interaction pattern held when substance use during pregnancy was considered.
David Reiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contributions of mothers and fathers parenting to Children s self regulation evidence from an adoption study
Developmental Science, 2018Co-Authors: David J Bridgett, Misaki N Natsuaki, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:The origins of top-down self-regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents' own top-down self-regulation. Because Children's top-down self-regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top-down self-regulation, the effects of parenting on Children's top-down self-regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene-environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on Children's top-down self-regulation using a longitudinal, adoption-at-birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on Children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their Adopted Child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of Adopted Children. Adoptive mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting were assessed when Children were 27 months of age and biological mothers' top-down self-regulation was assessed when Children were 54 months of age. Adopted Children's top-down self-regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for Child gender, biological mother top-down self-regulation, and the potential evocative effects of Adopted Child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to Children's top-down self-regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young Children's top-down self-regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence Children's top-down self-regulation are discussed.
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using an adoption biological family design to examine associations between maternal trauma maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Aleksandria Perez Grabow, Atika Khurana, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:Maternal trauma is a complex risk factor that has been linked to adverse Child outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study, which included adoptive and biological families, examined the heritable and environmental mechanisms by which maternal trauma and associated depressive symptoms are linked to Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Path analyses were used to analyze data from 541 adoptive mother–Adopted Child (AM–AC) dyads and 126 biological mother–biological Child (BM–BC) dyads; the two family types were linked through the same biological mother. Rearing mother’s trauma was associated with Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in AM–AC and BM–BC dyads, and this association was mediated by rearing mothers’ depressive symptoms, with the exception of biological Child externalizing behavior, for which biological mother trauma had a direct influence only. Significant associations between maternal trauma and Child behavior in dyads that share only environment (i.e., AM–AC dyads) suggest an environmental mechanism of influence for maternal trauma. Significant associations were also observed between maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behavior in dyads that were only genetically related, with no shared environment (i.e., BM–AC dyads), suggesting a heritable pathway of influence via maternal depressive symptoms.
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effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptoms on Adopted Child hpa regulation independent and moderated influences
Developmental Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidemarie K Laurent, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D Leve, David ReissAbstract:This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on Child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 192 families as part of the Early Growth and Development adoption Study. Child morning/evening cortisol levels and Child symptoms of internalizing disorders (according to mother/father report on the Child Behavior Checklist) were assessed at 54 months, and birth mother diurnal cortisol was measured at 48 months postnatal. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test main effects and interactions of parents' symptoms predicting Child cortisol, controlling for birth mother cortisol. Prenatal exposure to birth mother symptoms predicted lower Child cortisol (main effect), as did postnatal exposure to adoptive parent symptoms (interaction effects). Adoptive mother 9-month symptoms exacerbated cortisol-lowering effects of both concurrent paternal symptoms and later (27-month) maternal symptoms, and the effect of birth mother cortisol. Lower Child cortisol, in turn, was associated with higher Child internalizing symptoms. Implications are discussed with respect to the intergenerational transmission of depression risk.
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infant pathways to externalizing behavior evidence of genotype environment interaction
Child Development, 2010Co-Authors: Leslie D Leve, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, David C R Kerr, Laura V Scaramella, John B Reid, Rand D Conger, David ReissAbstract:To further the understanding of the effects of early experiences, 9-month-old infants were observed during a frustration task. The analytical sample was composed of 348 linked triads of participants (adoptive parents, Adopted Child, and birth parent[s]) from a prospective adoption study. It was hypothesized that genetic risk for externalizing problems and affect dysregulation in the adoptive parents would independently and interactively predict a known precursor to externalizing problems: heightened infant attention to frustrating events. Results supported the moderation hypotheses involving adoptive mother affect dysregulation: Infants at genetic risk showed heightened attention to frustrating events only when the adoptive mother had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. The Genotype x Environment interaction pattern held when substance use during pregnancy was considered.
Jerri Ann Jenista - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the immigrant refugee or internationally Adopted Child
Pediatrics in Review, 2001Co-Authors: Jerri Ann JenistaAbstract:1. Jerri Ann Jenista, MD* 1. 2. *Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI. Objectives After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the variety of backgrounds of immigrant Children. 2. Delineate which groups of immigrant Children have high rates of unaddressed health issues. 3. List the major health-care issues for immigrant Children. 4. Characterize the screening that should be performed at the point of immigration for Children. 5. Characterize medical, social, and mental health issues that are prevalent and frequently poorly addressed in this patient population. As never before, the United States is becoming a population of immigrants. In the year 2000, more than 28 million persons born in other countries were resident in the United States, a 43% increase during the decade of the 1990s. Over the same period, immigrants and Children born to immigrants accounted for 70% of the population growth. Immigrant health is a complex topic. Not only do many immigrant Children arrive with multiple unaddressed health issues, but there is evidence that the health of some immigrant Children actually declines after living in the United States. Becoming an immigrant is never easy. Although our emphasis is on the health-care needs of this diverse population, the most important long-term issues may be those of identity and acculturation. As one immigrant author so eloquently notes, “We have to live these half-lives of people who cannot forget what they used to be and who are afraid of being addressed in a foreign language, no longer able to utter anything meaningful.” (Hemon A. The Question of Bruno . London, England: Picador; 2000) Immigrant Children are a diverse group and are encountered in every pediatric practice (Table 1⇓). By far, the largest category is the temporary visitor. More than 3 million Children, 0 to 19 years of age, arrive each year to the United States, usually accompanying their parents, who are visitors, temporary workers, …
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health care of the internationally Adopted Child part 2 chronic care and long term medical issues
Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 1997Co-Authors: Marie Sills A Mitchell, Jerri Ann JenistaAbstract:Abstract Internationally Adopted Children remain at risk throughout their lives for medical sequelae related to their birth and residence in a foreign country. In the early period after placement the most important problems are the management of chronic infectious diseases and malnutrition. Over time, however, many Children will have issues related to growth, age determination, timing of puberty, dental care, development, and language acquisition. Chronic disease and ethnic health considerations pose some special problems for the Adopted Child without a personal or family history. Part 1 of this series addressed the initial evaluation for the newly arrived internationally Adopted Child, whereas part 2 discusses the long-term management problems.
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health care of the internationally Adopted Child part 1 before and at arrival into the adoptive home
Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 1997Co-Authors: Marie Sills A Mitchell, Jerri Ann JenistaAbstract:International adoptees are frequently encountered in pediatric practice. Their health status in the country of origin is quite variable. Once in the United States, there is no mandated medical evaluation for these infants and Children. Commonly missed or ignored conditions include vision or hearing loss, infectious diseases, incomplete immunizations, and various allergies and food intolerances. The prepared nurse practitioner can provide invaluable assistance in ensuring the efficient and appropriate evaluation of each internationally Adopted Child. Part 1 of this series discusses concerns before the Child's arrival in the adoptive home and the medical issues most important soon after arrival Part 2 addresses long-term issues including the follow-up of initial assessments, management of chronic medical problems, and concerns about growth, development, and social adjustments.
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Infectious disease and the internationally Adopted Child.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 1993Co-Authors: Jerri Ann JenistaAbstract:The breakup of the former Soviet Union and other Communist bloc nations and Koreas shift from a developing to an industrialized country has changed international adoption of orphans by US citizens. Nevertheless the reasons for availability of Children for adoption are the same: poverty abandonment abuse or neglect and political upheaval. Newly adopting families are very concerned about the potential for exotic infections. Proof of prearrival medical care (i.e. medical history and immunization records) is at best limited. No international standards for medical evaluation before adoption exist. No specific tests of a Child younger than 16 years old other than physical examination are required when applying for a US orphan visa. Except in cases of excludable conditions (several sexually transmitted diseases e.g. HIV) the adopting parents or pediatrician providing subsequent care rarely have access to the results of the visa examination. Each incoming orphan should undergo a thorough re-evaluation upon arrival. Examining physicians should follow a simple standardized protocol which will identify most serious or chronic diseases of the internationally Adopted Child. They should conduct a urinalysis and a complete blood count and screen for syphilis tuberculosis intestinal parasites HIV and hepatitis B. Screening for delta virus should be done for any Child with chronic hepatitis B infection. Some specialists have recommended routine screening for other infections including cytomegalovirus salmonellosis hepatitis A hepatitis C and malaria but the author (a pediatrician) thinks such screenings should be limited to the symptomatic Child.
Jenaè M. Neiderhiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contributions of mothers and fathers parenting to Children s self regulation evidence from an adoption study
Developmental Science, 2018Co-Authors: David J Bridgett, Misaki N Natsuaki, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:The origins of top-down self-regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents' own top-down self-regulation. Because Children's top-down self-regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top-down self-regulation, the effects of parenting on Children's top-down self-regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene-environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on Children's top-down self-regulation using a longitudinal, adoption-at-birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on Children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their Adopted Child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of Adopted Children. Adoptive mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting were assessed when Children were 27 months of age and biological mothers' top-down self-regulation was assessed when Children were 54 months of age. Adopted Children's top-down self-regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for Child gender, biological mother top-down self-regulation, and the potential evocative effects of Adopted Child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to Children's top-down self-regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young Children's top-down self-regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence Children's top-down self-regulation are discussed.
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using an adoption biological family design to examine associations between maternal trauma maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Aleksandria Perez Grabow, Atika Khurana, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:Maternal trauma is a complex risk factor that has been linked to adverse Child outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study, which included adoptive and biological families, examined the heritable and environmental mechanisms by which maternal trauma and associated depressive symptoms are linked to Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Path analyses were used to analyze data from 541 adoptive mother–Adopted Child (AM–AC) dyads and 126 biological mother–biological Child (BM–BC) dyads; the two family types were linked through the same biological mother. Rearing mother’s trauma was associated with Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in AM–AC and BM–BC dyads, and this association was mediated by rearing mothers’ depressive symptoms, with the exception of biological Child externalizing behavior, for which biological mother trauma had a direct influence only. Significant associations between maternal trauma and Child behavior in dyads that share only environment (i.e., AM–AC dyads) suggest an environmental mechanism of influence for maternal trauma. Significant associations were also observed between maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behavior in dyads that were only genetically related, with no shared environment (i.e., BM–AC dyads), suggesting a heritable pathway of influence via maternal depressive symptoms.
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effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptoms on Adopted Child hpa regulation independent and moderated influences
Developmental Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidemarie K Laurent, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D Leve, David ReissAbstract:This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on Child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 192 families as part of the Early Growth and Development adoption Study. Child morning/evening cortisol levels and Child symptoms of internalizing disorders (according to mother/father report on the Child Behavior Checklist) were assessed at 54 months, and birth mother diurnal cortisol was measured at 48 months postnatal. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test main effects and interactions of parents' symptoms predicting Child cortisol, controlling for birth mother cortisol. Prenatal exposure to birth mother symptoms predicted lower Child cortisol (main effect), as did postnatal exposure to adoptive parent symptoms (interaction effects). Adoptive mother 9-month symptoms exacerbated cortisol-lowering effects of both concurrent paternal symptoms and later (27-month) maternal symptoms, and the effect of birth mother cortisol. Lower Child cortisol, in turn, was associated with higher Child internalizing symptoms. Implications are discussed with respect to the intergenerational transmission of depression risk.
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infant pathways to externalizing behavior evidence of genotype environment interaction
Child Development, 2010Co-Authors: Leslie D Leve, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, David C R Kerr, Laura V Scaramella, John B Reid, Rand D Conger, David ReissAbstract:To further the understanding of the effects of early experiences, 9-month-old infants were observed during a frustration task. The analytical sample was composed of 348 linked triads of participants (adoptive parents, Adopted Child, and birth parent[s]) from a prospective adoption study. It was hypothesized that genetic risk for externalizing problems and affect dysregulation in the adoptive parents would independently and interactively predict a known precursor to externalizing problems: heightened infant attention to frustrating events. Results supported the moderation hypotheses involving adoptive mother affect dysregulation: Infants at genetic risk showed heightened attention to frustrating events only when the adoptive mother had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. The Genotype x Environment interaction pattern held when substance use during pregnancy was considered.
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the developmental interface between nature and nurture a mutual influence model of Child antisocial behavior and parent behaviors
Developmental Psychology, 1996Co-Authors: Rand D Conger, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Remi J Cadoret, William R Yates, Edward Troughton, Mark A StewartAbstract:Using an adoption design to collect data on biological and adoptive parents of Children Adopted at birth, this study explored a possible mechanism through which heritable characteristics of Adopted Children evoke adoptive parent responses and lead to reciprocal influences between adoptive parent and Adopted Child behavior. Participants were 25 male and 20 female adoptees, 12-18 years of age, having either a biological parent with substance abuse/dependency or antisocial personality or a biological parent with no such history. The study found that psychiatric disorders of biological parents were significantly related to Children's antisocial/hostile behaviors and that biological parents' psychiatric disorders were associated with adoptive parents' behaviors. This genotype-environment association was largely mediated by adoptees' antisocial/hostile behaviors. Results also suggest that the adoptee's antisocial / hostile behavior and adoptive mother's parenting practices affect each other.
Daniel S Shaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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contributions of mothers and fathers parenting to Children s self regulation evidence from an adoption study
Developmental Science, 2018Co-Authors: David J Bridgett, Misaki N Natsuaki, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:The origins of top-down self-regulation are attributed to genetic and socialization factors as evidenced by high heritability estimates from twin studies and the influential role of parenting. However, recent evidence suggests that parenting behavior itself is affected by parents' own top-down self-regulation. Because Children's top-down self-regulation is influenced by genetic factors and parenting is influenced by top-down self-regulation, the effects of parenting on Children's top-down self-regulation identified in prior studies may partially reflect passive gene-environment correlation. The goal of this study was to examine parenting influences on Children's top-down self-regulation using a longitudinal, adoption-at-birth design, a method of identifying parenting influences that are independent of the role of shared genetic influences on Children's characteristics because adoptive parents are genetically unrelated to their Adopted Child. Participants (N = 361) included adoptive families and biological mothers of Adopted Children. Adoptive mothers' and fathers' harsh/negative parenting were assessed when Children were 27 months of age and biological mothers' top-down self-regulation was assessed when Children were 54 months of age. Adopted Children's top-down self-regulation was assessed when they were 54 and 72 months of age. Results, accounting for Child gender, biological mother top-down self-regulation, and the potential evocative effects of Adopted Child anger, provide evidence that inherited influences and socialization processes uniquely contribute to Children's top-down self-regulation. Furthermore, findings demonstrate the importance of both mother's and father's parenting behavior as an influence on young Children's top-down self-regulation. The implications of these findings for understanding the complex mechanisms that influence Children's top-down self-regulation are discussed.
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using an adoption biological family design to examine associations between maternal trauma maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors
Development and Psychopathology, 2017Co-Authors: Aleksandria Perez Grabow, Atika Khurana, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jody M Ganiban, David Reiss, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D LeveAbstract:Maternal trauma is a complex risk factor that has been linked to adverse Child outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood. This study, which included adoptive and biological families, examined the heritable and environmental mechanisms by which maternal trauma and associated depressive symptoms are linked to Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Path analyses were used to analyze data from 541 adoptive mother–Adopted Child (AM–AC) dyads and 126 biological mother–biological Child (BM–BC) dyads; the two family types were linked through the same biological mother. Rearing mother’s trauma was associated with Child internalizing and externalizing behaviors in AM–AC and BM–BC dyads, and this association was mediated by rearing mothers’ depressive symptoms, with the exception of biological Child externalizing behavior, for which biological mother trauma had a direct influence only. Significant associations between maternal trauma and Child behavior in dyads that share only environment (i.e., AM–AC dyads) suggest an environmental mechanism of influence for maternal trauma. Significant associations were also observed between maternal depressive symptoms and Child internalizing and externalizing behavior in dyads that were only genetically related, with no shared environment (i.e., BM–AC dyads), suggesting a heritable pathway of influence via maternal depressive symptoms.
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effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptoms on Adopted Child hpa regulation independent and moderated influences
Developmental Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Heidemarie K Laurent, Misaki N Natsuaki, Gordon Thomas Harold, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, Leslie D Leve, David ReissAbstract:This study used a prospective adoption design to investigate effects of prenatal and postnatal parent depressive symptom exposure on Child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity and associated internalizing symptoms. Birth mother prenatal symptoms and adoptive mother/father postnatal (9-month, 27-month) symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 192 families as part of the Early Growth and Development adoption Study. Child morning/evening cortisol levels and Child symptoms of internalizing disorders (according to mother/father report on the Child Behavior Checklist) were assessed at 54 months, and birth mother diurnal cortisol was measured at 48 months postnatal. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to test main effects and interactions of parents' symptoms predicting Child cortisol, controlling for birth mother cortisol. Prenatal exposure to birth mother symptoms predicted lower Child cortisol (main effect), as did postnatal exposure to adoptive parent symptoms (interaction effects). Adoptive mother 9-month symptoms exacerbated cortisol-lowering effects of both concurrent paternal symptoms and later (27-month) maternal symptoms, and the effect of birth mother cortisol. Lower Child cortisol, in turn, was associated with higher Child internalizing symptoms. Implications are discussed with respect to the intergenerational transmission of depression risk.
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infant pathways to externalizing behavior evidence of genotype environment interaction
Child Development, 2010Co-Authors: Leslie D Leve, Daniel S Shaw, Jenaè M. Neiderhiser, David C R Kerr, Laura V Scaramella, John B Reid, Rand D Conger, David ReissAbstract:To further the understanding of the effects of early experiences, 9-month-old infants were observed during a frustration task. The analytical sample was composed of 348 linked triads of participants (adoptive parents, Adopted Child, and birth parent[s]) from a prospective adoption study. It was hypothesized that genetic risk for externalizing problems and affect dysregulation in the adoptive parents would independently and interactively predict a known precursor to externalizing problems: heightened infant attention to frustrating events. Results supported the moderation hypotheses involving adoptive mother affect dysregulation: Infants at genetic risk showed heightened attention to frustrating events only when the adoptive mother had higher levels of anxious and depressive symptoms. The Genotype x Environment interaction pattern held when substance use during pregnancy was considered.
