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Gabriela F Mastromonaco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fecal Adrenal Hormone patterns during ovulatory and anovulatory reproductive cycles in female veiled chameleons chamaeleo calyptratus
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2021Co-Authors: Maya S Kummrow, Robyn H Pimm, Paula Mackie, Joshua K Robertson, Gabriela F MastromonacoAbstract:Abstract The relationship between the reproductive (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; HPG) and Adrenal (hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal; HPA) Hormone axes is complex and can vary depending on the species and environmental factors affecting an individual. In an effort to understand this relationship in female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), the patterns of fecal metabolites of corticosterone (C), estradiol (E), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) during ovulatory (OC; eggs laid) and non-ovulatory cycles (NOC; no eggs laid). Glucocorticoid (GC) metabolites in the fecal extracts were characterized by HPLC and corticosterone EIA performance was assessed by parallelism, accuracy and precision tests. The results indicated that the assay chosen reliably measured the Hormone metabolites present in the fecal extracts. Regular, cyclical Hormone metabolite patterns consisting of an E peak followed by peaks of T, P and C in close succession were observed during both ovulatory and non-ovulatory cycles; relative levels of P and C, however, were higher during ovulatory cycles. Corticosterone metabolite levels, in particular, increased throughout vitellogenesis and peaked in late vitellogenesis (in non-ovulatory cycles) or around the time of ovulation, and remained elevated throughout the gravid period, falling just prior to oviposition. The results provide evidence of variation in glucocorticoid production throughout different stages of the reproductive cycle, including a role in the ovulatory process; the physiology, however, remains unclear.
Nagisa Sugaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adrenal Hormone response and psychophysiological correlates under psychosocial stress in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome
International Journal of Psychophysiology, 2012Co-Authors: Nagisa Sugaya, Shuhei Izawa, Namiko Ogawa, Kentaro Shirotsuki, Kosuke C Yamada, Kenta Kimura, Ikuyo Mikami, Kanako Hirata, Yuichiro NaganoAbstract:Abstract Objective In this study, we investigated levels and relative ratios of Adrenal Hormones (including cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone [DHEA], and DHEA-sulfate [DHEA-S]) and their psychophysiological correlates under acute psychosocial stress in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods Fifty-three college students participated in the study (male: 42, female: 11; mean age: 22.64 years), including 13 individuals with IBS (IBS group) and 40 individuals without IBS (control group). The participants were exposed to a standardized laboratory stressor, which included delivering a speech and performing a mental arithmetic task. We measured subjective stress levels and salivary cortisol, DHEA, and DHEA-S levels at relevant time points before, during, and after the tasks. Results DHEA-S level and the DHEA-S/DHEA ratio in the IBS group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the cortisol/DHEA-S ratio in the IBS group was higher than that in the control group throughout the experiment. In the IBS group, the appraisal of a threat was positively correlated with cortisol levels ( r = 0.61), and the appraisal of controllability was negatively correlated with cortisol levels ( r = − 0.64) and with the cortisol/DHEA ratio ( r = − 0.71). The control group showed a significant positive correlation between the appraisal of threat and cortisol levels ( r = 0.32). Conclusion The present study indicates that individuals with IBS had lower DHEA-S levels, and that their stressful cognitive appraisals under acute psychosocial stress caused the effects of cortisol to dominate. This Adrenal Hormone response may be involved in exacerbating abdominal symptoms in individuals with IBS.
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effect of day to day variations in Adrenal cortex Hormone levels on abdominal symptoms
Biopsychosocial Medicine, 2010Co-Authors: Nagisa Sugaya, Shuhei Izawa, Namiko Ogawa, Kentaro Shirotsuki, Hitomi Kobayashi, Kosuke C Yamada, Hideki Tsumura, Shinobu Nomura, Hironori ShimadaAbstract:The hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal axis is known to be related to abdominal symptoms, and the relationship between abdominal pain and cortisol secretory patterns has been previously investigated using a cross-sectional approach. Here, we investigated the effect of day-to-day variations in salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels on abdominal symptoms in healthy individuals. Eleven college students (4 males and 7 females) participated in this study. The participants were asked to collect their saliva immediately after awakening and before bedtime for eight consecutive days. They also completed a questionnaire about abdominal symptoms before bedtime. The linear mixed model was applied to analyze the effects of the day-by-day variability or the 8-day average Adrenal Hormone level (at awakening, before bedtime, slope from awakening to bedtime) on abdominal symptoms. The day-to-day variability of cortisol levels before bedtime was negatively related with loose stool, while the day-to-day variability of the cortisol slope was positively correlated with loose stool. A low 8-day average dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate level at awakening was positively related with frequent bowel movements, loose stool, and long bouts of severe abdominal pain. Likewise, a low 8-day average dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate slope was positively related with long bouts of abdominal pain. Low cortisol levels before bedtime and a steeper diurnal cortisol slope during the day may be related to bouts of diarrhea during the day.
Jung Hee Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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efficacy and safety of osilodrostat in patients with cushing s disease linc 3 a multicentre phase iii study with a double blind randomised withdrawal phase
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2020Co-Authors: Rosario Pivonello, John Newellprice, Maria Fleseriu, Xavier Bertagna, James W Findling, Akira Shimatsu, Eun Jig Lee, Richard J Auchus, Rattana Leelawattana, Jung Hee KimAbstract:Summary Background Cushing's disease is a rare endocrine disorder characterised by cortisol overproduction with severe complications. Therapies for cortisol reduction are often necessary. Here we report the outcomes from the pivotal phase III study of osilodrostat (a potent oral inhibitor of cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial [11β-hydroxylase]; Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) in patients with Cushing's disease. Methods LINC 3 was a prospective, multicentre, open-label, phase III study with a double-blind randomised withdrawal period, that comprised four periods. Patients aged 18–75 years, with confirmed persistent or recurrent Cushing's disease (defined as mean 24-h urinary free cortisol [UFC] concentration >1·5 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] and morning plasma adrenocorticotropic Hormone above the lower limit of normal) who had previously had pituitary surgery or irradiation, or were newly diagnosed and who refused surgery or were not surgical candidates, were recruited from 66 hospital sites and private clinical practices in 19 countries. In period 1, open-label osilodrostat was initiated in all participants and adjusted every 2 weeks (1–30 mg twice daily; film-coated tablets for oral administration) on the basis of mean 24-h UFC concentration and safety until week 12. In period 2, weeks 13–24, osilodrostat was continued at the therapeutic dose determined during period 1. In period 3, beginning at week 26, participants who had a mean 24-h UFC concentration of less than or equal to the ULN at week 24, without up-titration after week 12, were randomly assigned (1:1), via an interactive-response technology, stratified by osilodrostat dose at week 24 and history of pituitary irradiation, to continue osilodrostat or switch to placebo for 8 weeks. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. Ineligible participants continued open-label osilodrostat. In period 4, weeks 35–48, all participants were given open-label osilodrostat until core-study end. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of osilodrostat versus placebo at the end of period 3. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who had been randomly assigned to treatment or placebo with a complete response (ie, mean 24-h UFC concentration of ≤ULN) at the end of the randomised withdrawal period (week 34), without up-titration during this period. The key secondary endpoint was the proportion of participants with a complete response at the end of the single-arm, open-label period (ie, period 2, week 24) without up-titration during weeks 13–24. Analysis was by intention-to-treat for all patients who received at least one dose of osilodrostat (full analysis set; key secondary endpoint) or randomised treatment (randomised analysis set; primary endpoint) and safety was assessed in all enrolled patients who received at least one dose of osilodrostat and had at least one post-baseline safety assessment. LINC 3 is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT02180217 , and is now complete. Findings Between Nov 12, 2014, and March 22, 2017, 202 patients were screened and 137 were enrolled. The median age was 40·0 years (31·0–49·0) and 106 (77%) participants were female. 72 (53%) participants were eligible for randomisation during the withdrawal phase, of whom 36 were assigned to continue osilodrostat and 35 were assigned to placebo; one patient was not randomly assigned due to investigator decision and continued open-label osilodrostat. More patients maintained a complete response with osilodrostat versus with placebo at week 34 (31 [86%] vs ten [29%]; odds ratio 13·7 [95% CI 3·7–53·4]; p 25% of participants) were nausea (57 [42%]), headache (46 [34%]), fatigue (39 [28%]), and Adrenal insufficiency (38 [28%]). Hypocortisolism occurred in 70 (51%) patients and adverse events related to Adrenal Hormone precursors occurred in 58 (42%) patients. One patient died, unrelated to study drug, after the core study phase. Interpretation Twice-daily osilodrostat rapidly reduced mean 24-h UFC and sustained this reduction alongside improvements in clinical signs of hypercortisolism; it was also generally well tolerated. Osilodrostat is an effective new treatment option that is approved in Europe for the treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome and in the USA for Cushing's disease. Funding Novartis Pharma AG.
Maya S Kummrow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fecal Adrenal Hormone patterns during ovulatory and anovulatory reproductive cycles in female veiled chameleons chamaeleo calyptratus
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2021Co-Authors: Maya S Kummrow, Robyn H Pimm, Paula Mackie, Joshua K Robertson, Gabriela F MastromonacoAbstract:Abstract The relationship between the reproductive (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal; HPG) and Adrenal (hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal; HPA) Hormone axes is complex and can vary depending on the species and environmental factors affecting an individual. In an effort to understand this relationship in female veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus), the patterns of fecal metabolites of corticosterone (C), estradiol (E), testosterone (T), and progesterone (P) were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) during ovulatory (OC; eggs laid) and non-ovulatory cycles (NOC; no eggs laid). Glucocorticoid (GC) metabolites in the fecal extracts were characterized by HPLC and corticosterone EIA performance was assessed by parallelism, accuracy and precision tests. The results indicated that the assay chosen reliably measured the Hormone metabolites present in the fecal extracts. Regular, cyclical Hormone metabolite patterns consisting of an E peak followed by peaks of T, P and C in close succession were observed during both ovulatory and non-ovulatory cycles; relative levels of P and C, however, were higher during ovulatory cycles. Corticosterone metabolite levels, in particular, increased throughout vitellogenesis and peaked in late vitellogenesis (in non-ovulatory cycles) or around the time of ovulation, and remained elevated throughout the gravid period, falling just prior to oviposition. The results provide evidence of variation in glucocorticoid production throughout different stages of the reproductive cycle, including a role in the ovulatory process; the physiology, however, remains unclear.
Janine L. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Female gonadal Hormones and reproductive behaviors as key determinants of successful reproductive output of breeding whooping cranes (Grus americana).
General and Comparative Endocrinology, 2016Co-Authors: Megan E. Brown, Sarah J. Converse, Jane N. Chandler, Carol L. Keefer, Charles Shafer, Janine L. Brown, Nucharin SongsasenAbstract:Reproductive success of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) maintained ex situ is poor. As part of an effort to identify potential causes of poor reproductive success in a captive colony, we used non-invasive endocrine monitoring to assess gonadal and Adrenal steroids of bird pairs with various reproductive outcomes and evaluated the relationships of Hormones and behaviors to reproductive performance. Overall, reproductively successful (i.e., egg laying) females had significantly higher mean estrogen levels but lower mean progestogen concentrations than did unsuccessful females. Other Hormones, including glucocorticoids and androgens, were not significantly different between successful and unsuccessful individuals. Observations of specific behaviors such as unison calling, marching, and the number of copulation attempts, along with overall time spent performing reproductive behaviors, were significantly higher in successful pairs. Our findings indicate that overall reproductive performance of whooping crane pairs is linked to female gonadal Hormone excretion and reproductive behaviors, but not to altered Adrenal Hormone production.
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impact of social management on reproductive Adrenal and behavioural activity in the cheetah acinonyx jubatus
Animal Conservation, 2002Co-Authors: Nadja Wielebnowski, David E Wildt, Karen Ziegler, John Lukas, Janine L. BrownAbstract:Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) held ex situ can provide an important resource for obtaining new biological information that usually cannot be gleaned from free-living individuals. However, consistent captive propagation of the cheetah, a prerequisite for establishing a self-sustaining population, has not been accomplished so far. This study examined the effect of a husbandry regimen commonly used in ex situ facilities on female cheetahs. Although generally solitary in the wild, zoos frequently house cheetahs in pairs or groups. Using non-invasive Hormone monitoring and quantitative behavioural observations, we studied the impact of such enforced social conditions on behaviour and ovarian/Adrenal activity. Eight female cheetahs were evaluated for two consecutive 6-month periods, first while maintained in pairs and then as individuals. Subsequently four females were regrouped into two new pairs and monitored for another 6 months. Females in five of six pairings demonstrated prolonged anoestrus and displayed agonistic behaviours. After pair separation all females rapidly resumed oestrous cyclicity. Females in the sixth pair continued cycling throughout the year while consistently displaying affiliative grooming and no agonistic behaviours. Faecal corticoid patterns varied significantly among individuals, but appeared unrelated to behavioural or ovarian Hormone patterns. Thus, data appear to indicate that same-sex pair-maintenance of behaviourally incompatible female cheetahs may lead to suppressed ovarian cyclicity. This suppression appears linked to agonistic behaviours but not to any particular Adrenal Hormone excretion pattern. Results clearly demonstrate the value of applying knowledge about in situ social behaviour to ex situ management practices. Conversely, however, non-invasive Hormone monitoring conducted ex situ may help us to identify physiological phenomena of potential relevance for future in situ studies.