Air Mover

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David Mills - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Air-Only Relationships
    Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide, 2015
    Co-Authors: David Mills
    Abstract:

    Air supply and exhaust or venting pipelines can be of a considerable length with some systems, whether for positive pressure or vacuum systems, particularly if the Air Mover or the filtration plant is remote from the conveying system. In such cases, the evaluation of the Air only pressure drop values in these pipeline sections is important, for they could represent a large proportion of the available pressure drop if they are not sized correctly. Airflow control is also important, particularly if plant Air is used for a conveying system, or if the Air supply to a system needs to be proportioned between that delivered to a blow tank and that directed to the pipeline. In addition, the pressure drop in the empty pipeline is a major consideration in the design of a pneumatic conveying system. If a positive displacement blower is used in combination with a long distance, small bore pipeline, for the suspension flow of a material, it is quite possible that the entire pressure drop would be utilized in blowing the Air through the pipeline and that no material would be conveyed. The pressure drop for Air only in a pipeline is significantly influenced by the Air velocity that is required for the conveying of the material.

  • Chapter 15 – Design procedures
    Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Mills
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary A pneumatic conveying system is designed using mathematical models, available test data, or a combination of the two. If mathematical models are to be used, some degree of confidence needs to be established as to their suitability for a particular application, such as conveying a particular material under closely defined conditions, before they are employed. Test data is used extensively in system design. However, it is essential that the available data relates to the same grade of material for which the new plant design is required. It is also essential that the data is available to slightly higher values of solids loading ratio and to slightly lower values of conveying line inlet Air velocity, than are contemplated for the new design. Further, the chapter discusses a logic diagram for the design of a pneumatic conveying system based on the use of mathematical models. The final requirement in the design process is to specify the pipeline bore required and the necessary rating of the Air Mover.

  • Chapter 6 – Air Movers
    Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Mills
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary The Air Mover is at the heart of the pneumatic conveying system, and the success of the entire system rests on correctly specifying the duty of the Air Mover. The specification is in terms of the volumetric flow rate of free Air required, and the pressure at which it must be delivered. The values of these two parameters are primarily dependent upon the material to be conveyed, its flow rate, and the conveying distance. Not all Air Movers are ideally suited to pneumatic conveying, and therefore, the operating characteristics should be understood and interpreted. Plant Air is available but it may not be economical to use it for pneumatic conveying. Some Air Movers have limitations, and some are more suited as exhausters than compressors. Therefore, the correct choice must be made for vacuum and positive pressure duties. Also, there are many peripheral issues associated with the supply of Air for pneumatic conveying systems that are required to be considered in addition to the basic hardware. Power requirements for pneumatic conveying is very high, particularly if it is required to convey a material at a high flow rate over a long distance, and so a first order approximation is presented to allow reasonably reliable estimates to be made early in the selection process.

  • Chapter 20 – Troubleshooting and material flow problems
    Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Mills
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary One of the major difficulties with pneumatic conveying systems is that it is not always obvious what effect a change in operating conditions will have on system performance. A change of material or conveying distance, in particular, may require changes in both material feed rate and Airflow rate. Unfortunately, the cause of a particular problem in a pneumatic conveying system is not always obvious. One of the most frustrating problems encountered in system operation is that of pipeline blockage. This is by no means uncommon and there are a multitude of different circumstances and possible causes. If pipeline blockages occur and it is found that the conveying line inlet Air velocity is too low, then an Air Mover with a higher volumetric flow rate will have to be used.

  • Chapter 11 – Conveying characteristics
    Pneumatic Conveying Design Guide, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Mills
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary The capability of a pneumatic conveying system for conveying bulk particulate materials depends mainly upon five parameters: pipe bore, conveying distance, pressure available, conveying Air velocity, and material properties. If a pneumatic conveying system is to be designed to ensure satisfactory operation and to achieve maximum efficiency, it is necessary to know the conveying characteristics of the material to be handled. The conveying characteristics tell a designer what the minimum conveying velocity for the material is, whether there is an optimum velocity at which the material can be conveyed, and what pipeline diameter and Air Mover rating is required for a given material flow rate and conveying distance. In order to be able to specify a pipe size and compressor rating for a required duty, it is necessary to have information on the conveying characteristics of the material. If previous experience with a material is not available or is not sufficient for a full investigation, it is necessary to carry out pneumatic conveying trials with the material. The trials should be planned in such a way that they provide data on the relationships between material flow rate, Air flow rate and conveying line pressure drop over as wide a range of conveying conditions as can be achieved with the material.

Murray, Jaeli Meiying - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An Innovative Take on Filtering Carbon Dioxide Through CryoCapture
    eScholarship University of California, 2020
    Co-Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed, Ohne James, Choi, Nicholas M, Couvrette Justi, Davis Justi, Esmenjaud Kobi, Fahmy Daniel, Hernandez Mario, Laxamana Jacob, Murray, Jaeli Meiying
    Abstract:

    Overview (Air Mover): Carbon dioxide plays an important role in the earth's ecosystem; the lives of many organisms are based on the balancing of this gas. Plants and animals need it for survival however, an excess of carbon dioxide can also end the organism’s life. The production of the gas mostly comes from the combustion of fossil fuel, power plants, big industries, vehicles, and processes involving natural gasses. One of the most known issues of carbon dioxide pollution is global warming. The greenhouse gas essentially traps heat in the atmosphere, increasing the global temperature. The methodology provided is an innovative solution towards the creation of an environmentally friendly carbon dioxide filter. Current Air filtration systems are restricted to industrial environments limiting the ability to filter the Air. Due to the large noise and low range of operation of axial fans the filtration systems need controlled environments for longevity. The paper presents a versatile Air Mover that can be mounted onto multiple surfaces due to its low profile and bracket mounts. Furthermore, the usage of a diagonal fan inside of a PVC pipe allows for a durable system that can operate at high efficiency and low noise. The main challenge in designing the Air Mover was figuring out how to quantify the scalability of the device and what parameters could be changed in order to make the device more viable. The designs most prominent feature are the inclusion of a modular enclosure that can be adapted to multiple areas and environments while withstanding harsh conditions due to the PVC piping that can be coated with a diagonal fan for high volumetric flow rates and pressure differential for versatility in environments the device is placed in as well as efficiency. Overview (Carbon Storer): The Civil and Environmental Engineering team is responsible for finding a cost effective and sustainable way to transport, store and recycle the carbon caught in the Air from the Carbon Catcher designed by the other engineering teams. In the team’s design, the Carbon Catcher will reduce the harmful emissions in the Air by capturing CO2, store it and then utilize it in another industry which will reduce the need to mine for more raw materials which would thus further reduce the pollution emitted into the environment. Our plan is to recycle the carbon emitted from a factory and utilize it in CO2 dry ice. It's the Civil and Environmental Engineers’ job to find a way to connect a sustainable solution with a solution that improves the public’s quality of life. There are many industries that pollute immense amounts from the mining of raw material or the emission of pollutants. The team wants to show industries that the economic solution can also be the sustainable solution. Overview (Membrane) The team’s solution focuses on the use of cryogenic carbon capture, a method in which the selective freezing points of the gaseous components of Air are used to separate out carbon dioxide. For this process, the team will be utilizing a 4 step filtration process. First, the flue gas will be run through a particulate filter to catch all macroscopic particles that may be present within the Air. Afterwards, the gas is then passed through a dehumidifier where a majority of water content will be extracted. Following this, The gas was then run through a long pipe and progressively cool it down to the freezing point of carbon dioxide. Finally, the filtered gas is extracted, and a bubbler is used to separate the solid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then compressed and recycled around the feed pipe to help in the cooling process. Along the process of this design, the team encountered problems finding the optimum materials for temperatures this low. As well, coming up with a way to eliminate heat transfer from the outside posed a huge problem. Through the experience, the team was able to gain a greater view of what benefits and drawbacks must be balanced, along with the economic interest that comes with designing an efficient process. Unlike how most designs are focused, It was understood that using a membrane only provided so much creativity when it came to filtration. As a result, the team researched other successful methods and arrived at utilizing cryogenics to filter. Goal Research to provide a single solution to remove levels of carbon dioxide in the immediate atmosphere, transport it to a storage mechanism, and find a way to recycle it. Powerful research is required to ensure effective methodologies, material usage, and flexible scalability of the overall device. This particular team seeks to find an alternative separation process to membrane filtration, the efficacy of which has not been demonstrated beyond the scale of a laboratory

Jaelin Meiying Murray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An Innovative Take on Filtering Carbon Dioxide Through Cryopacture
    2020
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Abdelwahab, James Bohne, Nicholas M Choi, Justin Couvrette, Justin Davis, Kobi Esmenjaud, Daniel Fahmy, Mario Hernandez, Jacob Laxamana, Jaelin Meiying Murray
    Abstract:

    Author(s): Abdelwahab, Mohamed; Bohne, James; Choi, Nicholas M; Couvrette, Justin; Davis, Justin; Esmenjaud, Kobi; Fahmy, Daniel; Hernandez, Mario; Laxamana, Jacob; Murray, Jaelin Meiying; Orozco, Jacob; Rasmussen, Jacob; Singleton, Taajza; Symon, Jake T; Zhang, Scarlett Shiling | Editor(s): Khalil, Myriam | Abstract: Overview (Air Mover): Carbon dioxide plays an important role in the earth's ecosystem; the lives of many organisms are based on the balancing of this gas. Plants and animals need it for survival however, an excess of carbon dioxide can also end the organism’s life. The production of the gas mostly comes from the combustion of fossil fuel, power plants, big industries, vehicles, and processes involving natural gasses. One of the most known issues of carbon dioxide pollution is global warming. The greenhouse gas essentially traps heat in the atmosphere, increasing the global temperature. The methodology provided is an innovative solution towards the creation of an environmentally friendly carbon dioxide filter. Current Air filtration systems are restricted to industrial environments limiting the ability to filter the Air. Due to the large noise and low range of operation of axial fans the filtration systems need controlled environments for longevity. The paper presents a versatile Air Mover that can be mounted onto multiple surfaces due to its low profile and bracket mounts. Furthermore, the usage of a diagonal fan inside of a PVC pipe allows for a durable system that can operate at high efficiency and low noise. The main challenge in designing the Air Mover was figuring out how to quantify the scalability of the device and what parameters could be changed in order to make the device more viable. The designs most prominent feature are the inclusion of a modular enclosure that can be adapted to multiple areas and environments while withstanding harsh conditions due to the PVC piping that can be coated with a diagonal fan for high volumetric flow rates and pressure differential for versatility in environments the device is placed in as well as efficiency. Overview (Carbon Storer): The Civil and Environmental Engineering team is responsible for finding a cost effective and sustainable way to transport, store and recycle the carbon caught in the Air from the Carbon Catcher designed by the other engineering teams. In the team’s design, the Carbon Catcher will reduce the harmful emissions in the Air by capturing CO2, store it and then utilize it in another industry which will reduce the need to mine for more raw materials which would thus further reduce the pollution emitted into the environment. Our plan is to recycle the carbon emitted from a factory and utilize it in CO2 dry ice. It's the Civil and Environmental Engineers’ job to find a way to connect a sustainable solution with a solution that improves the public’s quality of life. There are many industries that pollute immense amounts from the mining of raw material or the emission of pollutants. The team wants to show industries that the economic solution can also be the sustainable solution. Overview (Membrane) The team’s solution focuses on the use of cryogenic carbon capture, a method in which the selective freezing points of the gaseous components of Air are used to separate out carbon dioxide. For this process, the team will be utilizing a 4 step filtration process. First, the flue gas will be run through a particulate filter to catch all macroscopic particles that may be present within the Air. Afterwards, the gas is then passed through a dehumidifier where a majority of water content will be extracted. Following this, The gas was then run through a long pipe and progressively cool it down to the freezing point of carbon dioxide. Finally, the filtered gas is extracted, and a bubbler is used to separate the solid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then compressed and recycled around the feed pipe to help in the cooling process. Along the process of this design, the team encountered problems finding the optimum materials for temperatures this low. As well, coming up with a way to eliminate heat transfer from the outside posed a huge problem. Through the experience, the team was able to gain a greater view of what benefits and drawbacks must be balanced, along with the economic interest that comes with designing an efficient process. Unlike how most designs are focused, It was understood that using a membrane only provided so much creativity when it came to filtration. As a result, the team researched other successful methods and arrived at utilizing cryogenics to filter. Goal Research to provide a single solution to remove levels of carbon dioxide in the immediate atmosphere, transport it to a storage mechanism, and find a way to recycle it. Powerful research is required to ensure effective methodologies, material usage, and flexible scalability of the overall device. This particular team seeks to find an alternative separation process to membrane filtration, the efficacy of which has not been demonstrated beyond the scale of a laboratory.

Stanley P. Burg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cost-Effective LP Intermodal Container
    Hypobaric Storage in Food Industry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Stanley P. Burg
    Abstract:

    All intermodal containers are depreciated in 5–6 years. A hypobaric intermodal container’s strong and durable structure assures that it will realize the tank container industry’s standard 20-year life expectancy. Because of their long life expectancy, the increased fabrication cost of tank containers can be offset by financing them for a longer term at a lower yearly expense, while benefiting from a tax advantage resulting from rapid depreciation of the higher fabrication cost. A brazed-plate heat exchanger and jacketed refrigeration system remove heat transmitted through a VacuFresh tank’s insulation before it enters the storage area, and the leak-tight structure prevents ambient heat from infiltrating except in controlled Air changes. Due to an {LP} Air change’s low density, the pounds of Air and kilocalories of sensible heat introduced in it are extremely low. The incoming Air does not reach its dew point after expanding and drying during entry, so no latent heat is released. At an 80% RH, 38°C ambient condition, 1 ton of refrigeration is required to cool two Air changes per hour flowing at 10°C and atmospheric pressure through a conventional refrigerated intermodal container, and only 0.004 tons to cool the same Air change flowing through a VacuFresh container. In VacuFresh, the refrigeration compressor’s capacity is balanced versus heat generated by the vacuum pump to insure that the compressor operates continuously in an unloaded state. The entire surface of the vacuum tank remains at a constant modulated temperature ±0.2°C at an ambient temperature of 49°C. Additional heat is not needed in cold weather, and defrost is not required since secondary glycol coolant is used. In {CA} and {NA} systems, metabolic heat is removed by refrigeration, consuming power, but in {LP} most of the heat produced by respiration is transferred by evaporative cooling and the water vapor is evacuated, independent of refrigeration. VacuFresh does not have energy-consuming, heat-producing evaporator fans. Instead, ventilation is provided by a pneumatic Air Mover that produces no heat, consumes no additional power, and is operated by the pressure difference created by the vacuum pump between the ambient atmosphere and interior of the vacuum tank. VacuFresh has a 2 kW vacuum pump, {CA} uses a 2.5 kW Air compressor to produce {N2} gas. The power requirement and cost was reduced in the original VacuFresh design by using “metabolic” instead of mechanical humidification, and the {LP} system has been redesigned to further improve reliability, reduce cost and energy consumption, and decrease commodity weight loss. The vacuum breaker has been replaced with a vacuum regulator, and the new system uses a mass flow controller, scroll compressor, and aluminum microchannel condenser. A spiral tank-stiffening ring eliminates the straight pipes, short radius elbows, entrance effects, and sudden enlargements associated with circular stiffening rings and interring flow connections in the original design. The spiral reduces the “head” needed to flow glycol by 42%, allowing a 1/2 {HP} glycol pump to provide the required glycol flow, in place of the original 1.5 {HP} pump. Reducing the glycol pump {HP} lowers the amount of heat introduced into the flowing glycol by 61%. A conventional refrigerated intermodal container’s 3/4 {HP} evaporator fans introduce 3.9 times that amount of heat. The respiratory heat load in VacuFresh is decreased by 90% due to the respiratory inhibition caused by the ultra-low [O2] at the storage pressure, and most of the respiratory heat is transferred by evaporative cooling and evacuated independent of refrigeration. {HP} consumption is reduced by 37% in the redesigned VacuFresh. The container’s price has been decreased by eliminating the material and labor costs associated with installing piping required for series glycol flow between circular stiffening rings, and by deleting heavy aluminum gussets needed to reinforce each circular stiffening ring where its continuity was broken in the original design. Shelving has been deleted, eliminating the expense of the aluminum and its installation cost. The price for {LP} and {CA} shipments is approximately the same, and much less than by Air transport.

  • Chapter 6 – Humidity Control
    Hypobaric Storage in Food Industry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Stanley P. Burg
    Abstract:

    During hypobaric storage a “metabolic humidification system” evaporates sufficient cellular water to transfer respiratory heat, fermentative heat, and any environmental heat plant matter may acquire. In LP warehouses and laboratory systems, the metabolic humidifier is supplemented with a mechanical humidification system that utilizes electric heat to evaporate sufficient ancillary water to saturate the incoming Air changes. The advantage gained with a mechanical humidifier is that a full commodity load, partial load, even a single fruit can be stored, certain that the humidity will always be saturated to minimize commodity water loss. A chilled-mirror dew-point sensor was tested for humidity control in a Grumman/Dormavac hypobaric container at the sensors highest reliable noncondensing upper limit of 95% relative humidity (RH), where its accuracy was ±1.25% RH. Whenever the humidity decreased below 95% RH, a low-pressure water boiler’s electric immersion heater energized to inject cold steam into the incoming low-pressure Air change. Without cargo present the system worked as envisioned, but after the container was filled with 30,000 pounds of plant matter the humidification heater failed to energize because metabolic heat evaporated enough commodity water to keep the chamber RH above 95% and prevent the boiler’s water heater from energizing. Because water vapor diffusion from plant matter is accelerated at a low pressure, the RH must be controlled at a higher value than 95%, close to 99.5–99.8% to minimize commodity water loss. This is accomplished measuring the humidity with wet- and dry-bulb thermistors shielded from radiation with Mylar®. The thermistors should be glass-encapsulated with ±0.05°C accuracy to measure the RH ±0.1% at 99.8% RH with optimal reliability. VacuFresh LP containers use metabolic humidification and do not need a mechanical humidifier because they only ship full loads. This eliminates the necessity to carry water, lowers energy consumption, and reduces cost. In modern VacuFresh containers, a vacuum regulator prevents condensation and continuously controls the pressure by regulating the pumping speed while the Air-change rate is adjusted with a thermal mass flow controller. Atmospheric Air enters the vacuum tank through a pneumatic Air horn’s collar, pressurizing the Air horn’s jets, inducing circulation of up to 40 volumes of low-pressure chamber Air per volume of expanded incoming dry Air. Discharge from the Air horn flows though a duct to the opposite end of the container and returns to the Air horn’s suction after passing through cargo boxes stagger-stacked to facilitate longitudinal Airflow. The return Air, saturated by transpired commodity water, mixes with expanded dry incoming Air in the pneumatic Air Mover, nearly saturating the RH in the discharge. Without producing mechanical heat or consuming additional energy, the pressure difference created by the vacuum pump powers the Air horn, causing it to emit up to 2500 cfm of low-pressure humidified cargo Air at sonic velocity.

Abdelwahab Mohamed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • An Innovative Take on Filtering Carbon Dioxide Through CryoCapture
    eScholarship University of California, 2020
    Co-Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed, Ohne James, Choi, Nicholas M, Couvrette Justi, Davis Justi, Esmenjaud Kobi, Fahmy Daniel, Hernandez Mario, Laxamana Jacob, Murray, Jaeli Meiying
    Abstract:

    Overview (Air Mover): Carbon dioxide plays an important role in the earth's ecosystem; the lives of many organisms are based on the balancing of this gas. Plants and animals need it for survival however, an excess of carbon dioxide can also end the organism’s life. The production of the gas mostly comes from the combustion of fossil fuel, power plants, big industries, vehicles, and processes involving natural gasses. One of the most known issues of carbon dioxide pollution is global warming. The greenhouse gas essentially traps heat in the atmosphere, increasing the global temperature. The methodology provided is an innovative solution towards the creation of an environmentally friendly carbon dioxide filter. Current Air filtration systems are restricted to industrial environments limiting the ability to filter the Air. Due to the large noise and low range of operation of axial fans the filtration systems need controlled environments for longevity. The paper presents a versatile Air Mover that can be mounted onto multiple surfaces due to its low profile and bracket mounts. Furthermore, the usage of a diagonal fan inside of a PVC pipe allows for a durable system that can operate at high efficiency and low noise. The main challenge in designing the Air Mover was figuring out how to quantify the scalability of the device and what parameters could be changed in order to make the device more viable. The designs most prominent feature are the inclusion of a modular enclosure that can be adapted to multiple areas and environments while withstanding harsh conditions due to the PVC piping that can be coated with a diagonal fan for high volumetric flow rates and pressure differential for versatility in environments the device is placed in as well as efficiency. Overview (Carbon Storer): The Civil and Environmental Engineering team is responsible for finding a cost effective and sustainable way to transport, store and recycle the carbon caught in the Air from the Carbon Catcher designed by the other engineering teams. In the team’s design, the Carbon Catcher will reduce the harmful emissions in the Air by capturing CO2, store it and then utilize it in another industry which will reduce the need to mine for more raw materials which would thus further reduce the pollution emitted into the environment. Our plan is to recycle the carbon emitted from a factory and utilize it in CO2 dry ice. It's the Civil and Environmental Engineers’ job to find a way to connect a sustainable solution with a solution that improves the public’s quality of life. There are many industries that pollute immense amounts from the mining of raw material or the emission of pollutants. The team wants to show industries that the economic solution can also be the sustainable solution. Overview (Membrane) The team’s solution focuses on the use of cryogenic carbon capture, a method in which the selective freezing points of the gaseous components of Air are used to separate out carbon dioxide. For this process, the team will be utilizing a 4 step filtration process. First, the flue gas will be run through a particulate filter to catch all macroscopic particles that may be present within the Air. Afterwards, the gas is then passed through a dehumidifier where a majority of water content will be extracted. Following this, The gas was then run through a long pipe and progressively cool it down to the freezing point of carbon dioxide. Finally, the filtered gas is extracted, and a bubbler is used to separate the solid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is then compressed and recycled around the feed pipe to help in the cooling process. Along the process of this design, the team encountered problems finding the optimum materials for temperatures this low. As well, coming up with a way to eliminate heat transfer from the outside posed a huge problem. Through the experience, the team was able to gain a greater view of what benefits and drawbacks must be balanced, along with the economic interest that comes with designing an efficient process. Unlike how most designs are focused, It was understood that using a membrane only provided so much creativity when it came to filtration. As a result, the team researched other successful methods and arrived at utilizing cryogenics to filter. Goal Research to provide a single solution to remove levels of carbon dioxide in the immediate atmosphere, transport it to a storage mechanism, and find a way to recycle it. Powerful research is required to ensure effective methodologies, material usage, and flexible scalability of the overall device. This particular team seeks to find an alternative separation process to membrane filtration, the efficacy of which has not been demonstrated beyond the scale of a laboratory