The Experts below are selected from a list of 20052 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kevin W Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
An Investigation of Sensory Information, Levels of Automation, and Piloting Experience on Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Performance
2012Co-Authors: Kevin W WilliamsAbstract:Abstract : The current experiment was intended to examine the effect of sensory information on Pilot reactions to system failures within a UAS control station simulation. This research also investigated the level of automation used in controlling the Aircraft and the level of manned flight experience of the participants, since these also have been shown to influence Pilot effectiveness. While the presence of sound did improve responses to engine failures, it did not improve responses to failures in heading control. The prediction that higher levels of automation would lead to complacency or vigilance decrements was not supported. The finding that Pilots, in the manual conditions, flew significantly closer to the flight path than non-Pilots was unexpected. The results suggest differences between those with manned Aircraft experience and those without, but it is unclear whether these differences are due to manned Aircraft training and flight experience or whether other factors, such as personality, may be evident.
-
Documentation of Sensory Information in the Operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems
2008Co-Authors: Kevin W WilliamsAbstract:Abstract : For manned Aircraft, the presence of multi-sensory inputs is a given. Pilots of manned Aircraft might not even be aware of the availability of several different types of sensory inputs occurring at the same time. However, it is likely that each type of input has a reinforcing effect on the others that allows for a rapid diagnosis and response of both normal and unusual events in the cockpit. The situation for the Pilot of an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is much different. UAS Pilots receive information regarding the state and health of their Aircraft solely through electronic displays. This report includes a comparison of manned sensory information to sensory information available to the unmanned Aircraft Pilot, a review of remediations for sensory deficiencies from the current UAS inventory, a review of human factors research related to enhancing sensory information available to the UAS Pilot, and a review of current FAA regulations related to sensory information requirements. Analyses demonstrated that UAS Pilots receive less and fewer types of sensory information, compared with manned Aircraft Pilots. One consequence is the enhanced difficulty for UAS Pilots to recognize and diagnose anomalous flight events that could endanger the safety of the flight. Recommendations include the incorporation of multi- sensory alert and warning systems into UAS control stations.
-
Unmanned Aircraft Pilot Medical Certification Requirements
2007Co-Authors: Kevin W WilliamsAbstract:Abstract : This research addressed the medical requirements necessary for unmanned Aircraft (UA) Pilots for successful flight in the National Airspace System (NAS). Given that an existing medical certification was recommended, the question of which class of certification to propose was based on the perceived level of risk imposed by the potential incapacitation of the UA Pilot. A second-class medical certification was judged to be the most acceptable, considering that there were several factors that mitigated the risk of Pilot incapacitation relative to those of manned Aircraft. First, factors related to changes in air pressure could be ignored, assuming that control stations for non-military operations would be on the ground. Second, many of the current UA systems have procedures that have been established for lost data link. Lost data link, where the Pilot cannot transmit commands to the Aircraft, is functionally equivalent to Pilot incapacitation. Third, the level of automation of a system determines the criticality of Pilot incapacitation because some highly automated systems (e.g., Global Hawk) will continue normal flight whether a Pilot is or is not present. The effort consisted of the convening of a panel of subject matter experts and interactions with groups engaged in the process of establishing unmanned Aircraft Pilot guidelines. The results of this effort were a recommendation and justification for the use of the second-class medical certification.
-
Human Factors Implications of Unmanned Aircraft Accidents: Flight-Control Problems
Advances in Human Performance and Cognitive Engineering Research, 2006Co-Authors: Kevin W WilliamsAbstract:The most basic solution for monitoring position and attitude of an UA is through direct line-of-sight. Because they are usually standing outside, a Pilot that maintains direct line-of-sight with the Aircraft is usually referred to as the EP, as opposed to an internal Pilot (IP) who obtains position and attitude information electronically while inside of a ground control station (GCS). Flight using an EP represents the most basic solution to the problem of separating the Pilot from the Aircraft while still enabling the Pilot to monitor the location and attitude of the Aircraft. Pilot perspective is changed from an egocentric to an exocentric point of view. Maintaining visual contact with the UA, the EP can control the Aircraft using a hand-held radio control box. Many of these control boxes are similar to those used by radio-controlled Aircraft hobbyists and provide direct control of the flight surfaces of the Aircraft through the use of joysticks on the box. Very little automation is involved in the use of such boxes, which control the flight surfaces of the Aircraft.
Ronald A. Hess - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
assessing Aircraft susceptibility to nonlinear Aircraft Pilot coupling Pilot induced oscillations
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 1998Co-Authors: Ronald A. Hess, Perry W. StoutAbstract:A unie ed approach for assessing Aircraft susceptibility to Aircraft ‐Pilot coupling (or Pilot-induced oscillations ) that was previously reported in the literature and applied to linear systems is extended to nonlinear systems, with emphasis upon vehicles with actuator rate saturation. The linear methodology provided a tool for predicting 1 ) handling qualities levels, 2 ) Pilot-induced oscillation rating levels, and 3 ) a frequency range in which Pilot-induced oscillationsarelikely to occur. The extension to nonlinear systems providesa methodology forpredicting the latter two quantities.
-
Assessing Aircraft Susceptibility to Nonlinear Aircraft-Pilot Coupling/Pilot-Induced Oscillations
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 1998Co-Authors: Ronald A. Hess, Perry W. StoutAbstract:A unie ed approach for assessing Aircraft susceptibility to Aircraft ‐Pilot coupling (or Pilot-induced oscillations ) that was previously reported in the literature and applied to linear systems is extended to nonlinear systems, with emphasis upon vehicles with actuator rate saturation. The linear methodology provided a tool for predicting 1 ) handling qualities levels, 2 ) Pilot-induced oscillation rating levels, and 3 ) a frequency range in which Pilot-induced oscillationsarelikely to occur. The extension to nonlinear systems providesa methodology forpredicting the latter two quantities.
-
Unified Theory for Aircraft Handling Qualities and Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 1997Co-Authors: Ronald A. HessAbstract:A unie ed theory for Aircraft handling qualities and adverse Aircraft ‐Pilot coupling or Pilot-induced oscillations is introduced. The theory is based on a structural model of the human Pilot. A methodology is presented for the prediction of 1 ) handling qualities levels, 2 ) Pilot-induced oscillation rating levels, and 3 ) a frequency range in which Pilot-induced oscillations are likely to occur. Although the dynamics of the force-feel system of the cockpit inceptor is included, the methodology will not account for effects attributable to control sensitivity and is limited to single-axis tasks and, at present, to linear vehicle models. The theory is derived from the feedback topology of the structural model and an examination of e ight test results for 32 Aircraft cone gurations simulated by the U.S. Air Force/CALSPAN NT-33A and Total In-Flight Simulator variable stability Aircraft. An extension to nonlinear vehicle dynamics such as that encountered with actuator saturation is discussed.
-
A model-based analysis of handling qualities and adverse Aircraft-Pilot coupling in high angle of attack flight
1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics. Intelligent Systems for the 21st Century, 1Co-Authors: Ronald A. HessAbstract:Recent flight tests of a NASA supermaneuverable fighter Aircraft indicated a susceptibility to a form of Aircraft-Pilot coupling referred to as Pilot-induced-oscillation. This coupling resulted in very degraded handling qualities in air-to-air tracking tasks performed at high angle of attack. A Pilot-model based analysis of the vehicle and task was conducted with the goals of: (1) analytically corroborating the oscillation tendency and poor handling qualities, and (2) determining improvements to the flight control system which would alleviate the oscillation tendencies and improve overall handling qualities, and involve as few changes to the existing flight control system as possible.
Perry W. Stout - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
assessing Aircraft susceptibility to nonlinear Aircraft Pilot coupling Pilot induced oscillations
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 1998Co-Authors: Ronald A. Hess, Perry W. StoutAbstract:A unie ed approach for assessing Aircraft susceptibility to Aircraft ‐Pilot coupling (or Pilot-induced oscillations ) that was previously reported in the literature and applied to linear systems is extended to nonlinear systems, with emphasis upon vehicles with actuator rate saturation. The linear methodology provided a tool for predicting 1 ) handling qualities levels, 2 ) Pilot-induced oscillation rating levels, and 3 ) a frequency range in which Pilot-induced oscillationsarelikely to occur. The extension to nonlinear systems providesa methodology forpredicting the latter two quantities.
-
Assessing Aircraft Susceptibility to Nonlinear Aircraft-Pilot Coupling/Pilot-Induced Oscillations
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 1998Co-Authors: Ronald A. Hess, Perry W. StoutAbstract:A unie ed approach for assessing Aircraft susceptibility to Aircraft ‐Pilot coupling (or Pilot-induced oscillations ) that was previously reported in the literature and applied to linear systems is extended to nonlinear systems, with emphasis upon vehicles with actuator rate saturation. The linear methodology provided a tool for predicting 1 ) handling qualities levels, 2 ) Pilot-induced oscillation rating levels, and 3 ) a frequency range in which Pilot-induced oscillationsarelikely to occur. The extension to nonlinear systems providesa methodology forpredicting the latter two quantities.
A.t. Koivo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
CIRA - Detection of Aircraft-Pilot-coupling caused oscillations
Proceedings 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation. CIRA'99 (Cat. No.99EX375), 1Co-Authors: Daniel W. Repperger, A.t. KoivoAbstract:The closed loop system consisting of an Aircraft and a Pilot can exhibit oscillations along any of the basic axis. These oscillations are often referred to as the Pilot-induced-oscillations (PIOs) caused by the Aircraft-Pilot-coupling effects. For the detection of the PIOs, we propose the use of finite-state machine model. The paper discusses the identification of this model from the measurements.
Éric Raufaste - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Situational effects may account for gain scores in cognitive ability testing : a longitudinal SEM approach
Intelligence, 2009Co-Authors: Nadine Matton, Stéphane Vautier, Éric RaufasteAbstract:Mean gainscores for cognitiveability tests between two sessions in a selection setting are now a robust finding, yet not fully understood. Many authors do not attribute such gainscores to an increase in the target abilities. Our approach consists of testingalongitudinalSEM model suitable to this view. We propose to model the scores' changes of a battery of tests between two sessions with a single factor, namely the change in the situational component of the scores. The situational component encompasses all effects due to the specificity of the state of the person in the current situation (e.g., anxiety level, tiredness, test-taking practice) and is allowed to vary from one session to another. By definition, this single component is supposed to influence all tests at a given session. In particular cases such as high-stake selection settings, where applicants are likely to train themselves before retaking the tests, situational factors might even suffice to explain mean score increases. Empirically, our latent change model closely fitted the scores of 752 applicants for entry into the French Aircraft Pilot Training, gathered on a set of three tests (visual perception, mechanical comprehension, and selective attention). Gainscores of moderate to strong effect sizes could be explained by common situationaleffects, with no need for admitting change on ability components. Therefore, gainscoresmay be understood as construct-irrelevant changes.
