Airway Resistance

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Christian Guilleminault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • upper Airway Resistance syndrome a short history
    2015
    Co-Authors: Brandon Richard Peters, Christian Guilleminault
    Abstract:

    Upper-Airway Resistance syndrome is a pathological entity associated with nasal flow limitation and electroencephalography (EEG) changes during sleep leading to cognitive impairment complaints, poor sleep, and decreased quality of life. Associated with autonomic nervous system changes, the syndrome does not lead to oxygen saturation drops as arousal responses and continuous sleep disturbance allow maintenance of near-appropriate tidal volume.

  • treatment of upper Airway Resistance syndrome in adults where do we stand
    Sleep Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Luciana B M De Godoy, Christian Guilleminault, Sergio Tufik, Luciana Palombini, Dalva Poyares, Sonia Maria Togeiro
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective: To evaluate the available literature regarding Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS) treatment. Methods: Keywords “Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome,” “Sleep-related Breathing Disorder treatment,” “Obstructive Sleep Apnea treatment” and “flow limitation and sleep” were used in main databases. Results: We found 27 articles describing UARS treatment. Nasal continuous positive Airway pressure (CPAP) has been the mainstay therapy prescribed but with limited effectiveness. Studies about surgical treatments had methodological limitations. Oral appliances seem to be effective but their efficacy is not yet established. Conclusion: Randomized controlled trials with larger numbers of patients and long-term follow-up are important to establish UARS treatment options.

  • upper Airway Resistance syndrome one decade later
    Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Christian Guilleminault
    Abstract:

    Purpose of reviewThe term upper Airway Resistance syndrome (UARS) was coined to describe a group of patients who did not meet the criteria for diagnosis of obstructive apnea–hypopnea syndrome and thus were left untreated. Today, most of the patients with UARS remain undiagnosed and are left untreate

  • Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome
    Oto-rhino-laryngologia Nova, 2000
    Co-Authors: Christian Guilleminault, Susmita Chowdhuri
    Abstract:

    The term ‘upper Airway Resistance syndrome’ denotes an entity characterized by the presence of daytime fatigue or sleepiness in the presence of a normal respiratory disturbance index and oxygen satura

Maysam Ghovanloo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Vision-Based Respiration Monitoring System for Passive Airway Resistance Estimation
    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sarah Ostadabbas, Nordine Sebkhi, Mingxi Zhang, Salman Rahim, Larry J. Anderson, Maysam Ghovanloo
    Abstract:

    Objective: Airway Resistance is the mechanical cause of most of the symptoms in obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be considered as the primary measure of disease severity. A low-cost and noninvasive method to measure the Airway Resistance that does not require patient effort could be of great benefit in evaluating the severity of lung diseases, especially in patient population that are unable to use spirometry, such as young children. Methods: The Vision-Based Passive Airway Resistance Estimation (VB-PARE) technology is a passive method to measure Airway Resistance noninvasively. The Airway Resistance is estimated from: 1) airflow extracted from processing depth data captured by a Microsoft Kinect, and 2) Pulsus Paradoxus extracted from a pulse oximeter (SpO2). Results: To verify the validity and accuracy of the VB-PARE, two phases of experiment were conducted. In Phase I, spontaneous breathing data was collected from 14 healthy participants with externally induced Airway obstruction, and the accuracy of 76.2± 13.8% was achieved in predicting three levels of obstruction severity. In Phase II, VB-PARE outputs were compared with the clinical results from 14 patients. VB-PARE estimated the tidal volume with an average error of 0.07±0.06 liter. Also, patients with Airway obstruction were detected with 80% accuracy. Conclusion: Using the information extracted from Kinect and SpO2, here, we present a quantitative method to measure the severity of Airway obstruction without requiring active patient involvement. Significance: The proposed VB-PARE system contributes to the state-of-art respiration monitoring methods by expanding the idea of passive and noninvasive Airway Resistance measurement.

  • A passive quantitative measurement of Airway Resistance using depth data
    2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sarah Ostadabbas, Larry J. Anderson, Christoph Bulach, David N. Ku, Maysam Ghovanloo
    Abstract:

    The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. RSV often causes increased Airway Resistance, clinically detected as wheezing by chest auscultation. In this disease, expiratory flows are significantly reduced due to the high Resistance in patient's Airway passages. A quantitative method for measuring Resistance can have a great benefit to diagnosis and management of children with RSV infections as well as with other lung diseases. Airway Resistance is defined as the lung pressure divided by the airflow. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify Resistance through a simple, non-contact measurement of chest volume that can act as a surrogate measure of the lung pressure and volumetric airflow. We used depth data collected by a Microsoft Kinect camera for the measurement of the lung volume over time. In our experimentation, breathing through a number of plastic straws induced different Airway Resistances. For a standard spirometry test, our volume/flow estimation using Kinect showed strong correlation with the flow data collected by a commercially-available spirometer (five subjects, each performing 20 breathing trials, correlation coefficient = 0.88, with 95% confidence interval). As the number of straws decreased, emulating a higher Airway obstruction, our algorithm was sufficient to distinguish between several levels of Airway Resistance.

Helen S. Driver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The influence of the menstrual cycle on upper Airway Resistance and breathing during sleep.
    Sleep, 2005
    Co-Authors: Helen S. Driver, Heather Mclean, David V. Kumar, Nancy Farr, Michael Fitzpatrick
    Abstract:

    STUDY OBJECTIVE: Female hormones, specifically progesterone, that peak in the luteal phase may play a significant role in protecting premenopausal women from sleep-disordered breathing. The influence of female hormones on upper Airway Resistance during sleep was investigated during the follicular and luteal phases of normal menstrual cycles. SETTING: Hospital-based sleep laboratory. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: Healthy women with verified ovulatory cycles and without sleep complaints were recruited into the study. Sleep and upper Airway Resistance data (mean +/- SD) were collected on 2 nights from 11 women (21-49 years of age [28 +/- 9 years], body mass index of 22.8 +/- 3.6 kg/m2), once during the follicular phase (day 6-11) and once in the luteal phase (day 19-23) in random order. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Nasal Resistance, standardized to a flow rate of 0.3 L/second, measured using posterior active rhinomanometry immediately prior to the sleep study, did not differ between the 2 phases. The respiratory disturbance index tended to be higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase and was above 5 per hour for 3 women in the follicular phase. Upper Airway Resistance, controlled for flow rate and body position, was calculated for 50 random breaths during wakefulness, stage 1, stage 2, slow-wave, and rapid eye movement sleep. During wake and stage 2 sleep, upper Airway Resistance was significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase, as was the overall upper Airway Resistance combined for wake and across all sleep stages. Combining data from the 2 nights, compared to wake, upper Airway Resistance increased in stage 2, slow-wave, and rapid eye movement sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Within the menstrual cycle, upper Airway Resistance is lower in the luteal compared with the follicular phase.

  • effect of nasal or oral breathing route on upper Airway Resistance during sleep
    European Respiratory Journal, 2003
    Co-Authors: Michael Fitzpatrick, Heather Mclean, Alison M Urton, Denis E Odonnell, Helen S. Driver
    Abstract:

    Healthy subjects with normal nasal Resistance breathe almost exclusively through the nose during sleep. This study tested the hypothesis that a mechanical advantage might explain this preponderance of nasal over oral breathing during sleep. A randomised, single-blind, crossover design was used to compare upper Airway Resistance during sleep in the nasal and oral breathing conditions in 12 (seven male) healthy subjects with normal nasal Resistance, aged 30±4 (mean±sem) yrs, and with a body mass index of 23±1 kg·m 2 . During wakefulness, upper Airway Resistance was similar between the oral and nasal breathing routes. However, during sleep (supine, stage two) upper Airway Resistance was much higher while breathing orally (median 12.4 cmH 2 O·L −1 ·s −1 , range 4.5–40.2) than nasally (5.2 cmH 2 O·L −1 ·s −1 , 1.7–10.8). In addition, obstructive (but not central) apnoeas and hypopnoeas were profoundly more frequent when breathing orally (apnoea-hypopnoea index 43±6) than nasally (1.5±0.5). Upper Airway Resistance during sleep and the propensity to obstructive sleep apnoea are significantly lower while breathing nasally rather than orally. This mechanical advantage may explain the preponderance of nasal breathing during sleep in normal subjects.

Sarah Ostadabbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Vision-Based Respiration Monitoring System for Passive Airway Resistance Estimation
    IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2016
    Co-Authors: Sarah Ostadabbas, Nordine Sebkhi, Mingxi Zhang, Salman Rahim, Larry J. Anderson, Maysam Ghovanloo
    Abstract:

    Objective: Airway Resistance is the mechanical cause of most of the symptoms in obstructive pulmonary disease, and can be considered as the primary measure of disease severity. A low-cost and noninvasive method to measure the Airway Resistance that does not require patient effort could be of great benefit in evaluating the severity of lung diseases, especially in patient population that are unable to use spirometry, such as young children. Methods: The Vision-Based Passive Airway Resistance Estimation (VB-PARE) technology is a passive method to measure Airway Resistance noninvasively. The Airway Resistance is estimated from: 1) airflow extracted from processing depth data captured by a Microsoft Kinect, and 2) Pulsus Paradoxus extracted from a pulse oximeter (SpO2). Results: To verify the validity and accuracy of the VB-PARE, two phases of experiment were conducted. In Phase I, spontaneous breathing data was collected from 14 healthy participants with externally induced Airway obstruction, and the accuracy of 76.2± 13.8% was achieved in predicting three levels of obstruction severity. In Phase II, VB-PARE outputs were compared with the clinical results from 14 patients. VB-PARE estimated the tidal volume with an average error of 0.07±0.06 liter. Also, patients with Airway obstruction were detected with 80% accuracy. Conclusion: Using the information extracted from Kinect and SpO2, here, we present a quantitative method to measure the severity of Airway obstruction without requiring active patient involvement. Significance: The proposed VB-PARE system contributes to the state-of-art respiration monitoring methods by expanding the idea of passive and noninvasive Airway Resistance measurement.

  • A passive quantitative measurement of Airway Resistance using depth data
    2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2014
    Co-Authors: Sarah Ostadabbas, Larry J. Anderson, Christoph Bulach, David N. Ku, Maysam Ghovanloo
    Abstract:

    The Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the most common cause of serious lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. RSV often causes increased Airway Resistance, clinically detected as wheezing by chest auscultation. In this disease, expiratory flows are significantly reduced due to the high Resistance in patient's Airway passages. A quantitative method for measuring Resistance can have a great benefit to diagnosis and management of children with RSV infections as well as with other lung diseases. Airway Resistance is defined as the lung pressure divided by the airflow. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify Resistance through a simple, non-contact measurement of chest volume that can act as a surrogate measure of the lung pressure and volumetric airflow. We used depth data collected by a Microsoft Kinect camera for the measurement of the lung volume over time. In our experimentation, breathing through a number of plastic straws induced different Airway Resistances. For a standard spirometry test, our volume/flow estimation using Kinect showed strong correlation with the flow data collected by a commercially-available spirometer (five subjects, each performing 20 breathing trials, correlation coefficient = 0.88, with 95% confidence interval). As the number of straws decreased, emulating a higher Airway obstruction, our algorithm was sufficient to distinguish between several levels of Airway Resistance.

Robert G Castile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plethysmographic measurements of lung volume and Airway Resistance
    European Respiratory Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: Janet Stocks, Simon Godfrey, Caroline Beardsmore, Ephraim Baryishay, Robert G Castile
    Abstract:

    Functional residual capacity (FRC) is the only static lung volume that can be measured routinely in infants. It is important for interpreting volume-dependent pulmonary mechanics such as Airway Resistance or forced expiratory flows, and for defining normal lung growth. Despite requiring complex equipment, the plethysmographic method for measuring FRC is very simple to apply and, unlike the gas dilution techniques, enables repeat measures of lung volume to be obtained within a few minutes. This method has the further advantage that with suitable adaptations to the equipment, simultaneous measurements of Airway Resistance can also be obtained. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations pertaining to equipment requirements, study procedures and reporting of data for plethysmographic measurements in infants. Implementation of these recommendations should help to ensure that such measurements are as accurate as possible and that meaningful comparisons can be made between data collected in different centres or with different equipment. These guidelines cover numerous aspects including terminology and definitions, equipment, data acquisition and analysis and reporting of results and also highlight areas where further research is needed before consensus can be reached. This work was supported by a grant from the European Respiratory Society, and by donations from GlaxoWellcome (UK) and GlaxoWellcome AB (Sweden).