The Experts below are selected from a list of 8562 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joaquín Capablo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Estimating heat transfer losses caused by Alkali Salt deposits in biomass combustion
Renewable Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Joaquín Capablo, Joan SalvadoAbstract:The results of a simulation of heat balance in the tube side of a heat exchanger operating in the superheated steam zone of a biomass combustion boiler are presented. The Alkali Salt deposits on the surface of the exchanger interfere with the heat transfer from hot gases to the superheated steam. A theoretical model has been used to assess the layer growth of these deposits depending on different operational parameters and to study the influence on the heat transfer rate. The weight of some variables such as the superheated steam temperature and pressure, the diameter of the heat exchanger tube or the particle diameter on the heat transfer losses is low (
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formation of Alkali Salt deposits in biomass combustion
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Joaquín CapabloAbstract:Abstract In the present work, the Alkali Salts deposit formation on cooled surfaces in biomass-fired boilers has been studied. Different deposition tests with two real biomasses (orujillo and cardoon) as well as with several synthetic materials have been conducted in an entrained flow (pilot scale) reactor for a range of conditions representative of those prevailing at different locations inside industrial boilers. A number of parameters, such as gas temperature around the probe or surface temperature, have been changed in order to analyze their influence on the characteristics of the ash deposits (morphology, thickness, composition…). The deposits' morphologies observed in the experimental samples indicate that the dominant deposition path for Alkali Salts (in the conditions explored in this work) is thermophoresis of aerosols formed either in the thermal boundary layer next to the deposition surface or already in the external gas stream (in case gas conditions allow for their formation). The contribution of each possible deposition mechanism has also been studied by comparing the obtained experimental results with theoretical predictions from a deposition model developed by Castillo and Rosner. Experimental trends have usually been in good agreement with those calculated according to the mechanisms of arrival of small particles to the deposition surface. Furthermore, the agreement found between calculations and measurements has been good enough to support the applicability of the model due to Castillo and Rosner to the quantitative prediction of deposit formation rates.
Lianxuan Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metabolomics and its physiological regulation process reveal the Salt tolerant mechanism in glycine soja seedling roots
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Yang Jiao, Zhenzi Bai, Mingli Zhao, Yaseen Khan, Lianxuan ShiAbstract:Abstract Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is an excellent germplasm resource and has strong resistance and wide adaptability to different environments. Hence, the physiology and metabolomics characteristics of wild soybean under different types of Salt stress were determined to improve understanding of Salt-tolerant mechanisms of wild soybean in the field. Two types of wild soybean seedlings were exposed to two different types of Salt stress for 14 d. The photosynthesis of wild soybean seedling extracts were analyzed using metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The wild soybean root extracts used metabolomics to quantify the metabolic changes and ion contents. The assimilative function of photosynthesis in Salt-tolerant wild soybean was less inhibited than in common wild soybean, and it regulated accumulation of toxic ions and maintained the accumulation of K+ and Mg2+ to alleviate Salt stress. Moreover, in resisting Salt stress the Salt-tolerant wild soybean has showed improved amino acid and carbohydrate and polyol metabolisms under neutral-Salt stress and organic acid, amino acid and tricarboxylic acid metabolisms under Alkali-Salt stress. Our results provide valuable insights into the response of Salt-tolerant wild soybean to two types of Salt stress by linking stress-related physiological responses to changes in metabolites.
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metabolomics analysis reveals the Salt tolerant mechanism in glycine soja
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2017Co-Authors: Dongshuang Yang, Jing Zhang, Lianxuan ShiAbstract:Salinity is one of the major environmental constraints limiting crop plant yields around the world. Therefore, understanding the Salt-tolerant mechanism and improving crop Salt tolerance are two of the most effective ways of sustaining crop production worldwide. The differences in metabolite profiles were analyzed between common wild soybean and Salt-tolerant wild soybean in response to neutral-Salt stress and Alkali-Salt stress to elucidate the Salt-tolerant mechanism. The results showed Salt-tolerant wild soybean grew better than common wild soybean under both treatments. Differential metabolites profiling showed that the levels of some carbohydrates and fatty acids were lower in common wild soybean than in Salt-tolerant wild soybean under Salt stress. These metabolites included lactose, ribose, lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid. Amino acid accumulation was observed in the two wild soybeans under Alkali-Salt stress. These amino acids were valine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, leucine, and isoleucine. The content of most organic acids and proline increased in Salt-tolerant wild soybean subjected to Alkali-Salt stress. These organic acids included mucic acid, glutaric acid, galactonic acid, and dehydroascorbic acid. The TCA cycle was enhanced in common wild soybean in response to both treatments, but was reduced in Salt-tolerant wild soybean. This study demonstrated the Salt-tolerant mechanism in common wild soybean may encourage the TCA cycle to generate more ATP. However Salt-tolerant wild soybean may regulate amino acid and organic acid metabolism to generate more compatible solutes. These findings provide an important theoretical foundation for the protection, development, and utilization of wild soybean resources.
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Metabolic Profiles Reveal Changes in Wild and Cultivated Soybean Seedling Leaves under Salt Stress
2016Co-Authors: Jing Zhang, Dongshuang Yang, Lianxuan ShiAbstract:Clarification of the metabolic mechanisms underlying Salt stress responses in plants will allow further optimization of crop breeding and cultivation to obtain high yields in saline-Alkali land. Here, we characterized 68 differential metabolites of cultivated soybean (Glycine max) and wild soybean (Glycine soja) under neutral-Salt and Alkali-Salt stresses using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics, to reveal the physiological and molecular differences in Salt tolerance. According to comparisons of growth parameters under the two kinds of Salt stresses, the level of inhibition in wild soybean was lower than in cultivated soybean, especially under Alkali-Salt stress. Moreover, wild soybean contained significantly higher amounts of phenylalanine, asparagine, citraconic acid, citramalic acid, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under neutral-Salt stress, and higher amounts of palmitic acid, lignoceric acid, glucose, citric acid and α-ketoglutaric acid under Alkali-Salt stress, than cultivated soybean. Further investigations demonstrated that the ability of wild soybean to Salt tolerance was mainly based on the synthesis of organic and amino acids, and the more active tricarboxylic acid cycle under neutral-Salt stress. In addition, the metabolite profiling analysis suggested that the energy generation from β-oxidation, glycolysis and the citric acid cycle plays important roles under Alkali-Salt stress. Our results extend the understanding of mechanisms involved in wild soybean Salt tolerance and provide an important reference for increasing yields and developing Salt-tolerant soybean cultivars.
K Salmenoja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Corrosion of super-heater steel materials under Alkali Salt deposits. Part 2: SEM analyses of different steel materials
Corrosion Science, 2010Co-Authors: Bengt-johan Skrifvars, M. Westén-karlsson, K SalmenojaAbstract:Abstract This paper is the second in a series of two papers where we report results from laboratory-scale corrosion studies in which tailor-made well-characterized synthetic Alkali Salt deposits were used for corrosion testing of typical kraft recovery boiler super-heater steel materials. The corrosion testing was done in temperatures ranging from 450 to 600 °C. Six different Alkali Salts and six different steel types were used in the tests. In the first paper we reported generally on the corrosion tendencies of the six steels. In this second paper we continue the corrosion behavior mapping of the tested steels.
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corrosion of superheater steel materials under Alkali Salt deposits part 1 the effect of Salt deposit composition and temperature
Corrosion Science, 2008Co-Authors: Engtjoha Skrifvars, K Salmenoja, Raine Ackma, Esa VakkilaineAbstract:Abstract This paper is the first in a series of two reporting on results from an extensive laboratory-scale corrosion study where tailor-made well-characterized synthetic Alkali Salt deposits were used for corrosion testing of several steel materials used in or aimed for recovery boiler superheater tubing. The corrosion testing was done in temperatures ranging from 450 to 600 °C. The synthetic Alkali Salt deposits, containing sodium, potassium sulfates and chlorides, were composed in such a way that their first melting temperature, T 0 , and the amount of melt formed at this temperature, varied for each Salt mixture. The results showed on one hand that an increased amount of melt in the Salt deposit increased the corrosion of the steel material markedly. The results showed, however also, that corrosion could take place at temperatures clearly below any melting of the Salt deposits if the composition was suitable. This took place with Salts that contained chlorine. Already a very low amount of chlorine in the Salt caused corrosion at temperatures typical for superheaters in the recovery boiler. These effects are qualitatively well-known from earlier but it was surprising that already a very small amount of chlorine caused significant increase in corrosion. To stress the importance of the deposit layer on the corrosion we introduce two new terms: (1) sub- T 0 corrosion, indicating corrosion taking place below any melting of the deposit and (2) super- T 0 corrosion, indicating corrosion taking place when the deposit contains melt.
Maria Forsyth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cation effect on small phosphonium based ionic liquid electrolytes with high concentrations of lithium Salt
Journal of Chemical Physics, 2018Co-Authors: Fangfang Chen, Robert Kerr, Maria ForsythAbstract:Ionic liquid electrolytes with high Alkali Salt concentrations have displayed some excellent electrochemical properties, thus opening up the field for further improvements to liquid electrolytes for lithium or sodium batteries. Fundamental computational investigations into these high concentration systems are required in order to gain a better understanding of these systems, yet they remain lacking. Small phosphonium-based ionic liquids with high concentrations of Alkali metal ions have recently shown many promising results in experimental studies, thereby prompting us to conduct further theoretical exploration of these materials. Here, we conducted a molecular dynamics simulation on four small phosphonium-based ionic liquids with 50 mol. % LiFSI Salt, focusing on the effect of cation structure on local structuring and ion diffusional and rotational dynamics—which are closely related to the electrochemical properties of these materials.
Hui Jin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Numerical study on coal gasification in supercritical water fluidized bed and exploration of complete gasification under mild temperature conditions
Chemical Engineering Science, 2019Co-Authors: Chao Fan, Simao Guo, Hui JinAbstract:Abstract Supercritical water fluidized bed is a promising reactor for the industrial application of the technology of supercritical water gasification of coal. In this work, a numerical model of lignite gasification in SCWFB considering flow, heat transfer and gasification reaction was established, and the Euler-Lagrange method and RNG k-e model were used. Through this model, the multi-field distribution characteristics and developing rules were studied under wide temperature range. A low-temperature zone with uneven circumferential temperature distribution was found below the feed inlet, and the average residence time decreased with the increase of reactor temperature. Steam reforming of solid residual carbon was the bottleneck of complete gasification, and the Alkali Salt catalyst can accelerate its reaction rate and cause the reaction zone to move to the lower fluidization section. Besides, the simulated results show that the extension of the reactor length was an effective means to improve the carbon gasification efficiency, and the increase of the feed inlet height can avoid the blockage of distributor. Based on both the catalyst addition and reactor structure optimization, a scheme was proposed where the complete gasification of lignite at 750 °C was achieved with H2 promotion promoted.