The Experts below are selected from a list of 162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yunlong Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laser cladding of co based Alloy tic caf2 self lubricating composite coatings on copper for continuous casting mold
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jie Zhang, Peilei Zhang, Zhishui Yu, Chonggui Li, Peiquan Xu, Yunlong LuAbstract:Abstract In this study, Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings were successfully prepared on a Cr-Zr-Cu Alloy for continuous casting mold by Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure, phase structure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) incorporating energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as dry sliding wear test against GCr15 steel at a temperature of 400 °C. The results showed that the Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings had a unique microstructure consisting of well-developed small fine spherical TiC and CaF 2 particles uniformly dispersed in the γ-Co matrix. Average hardness of the Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) self-lubricating composite coating was about twice times that of the pure Co-based Alloy coating. It was found that the laser cladding Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 coatings on copper had good friction-reducing and antiwear abilities at temperature up to 400 °C. The composite coating obviously decreased friction coefficient and wear rate as the volume fraction of CaF 2 increased and TiC decreased. The laser cladding Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) composite coating was characterized by mild adhesion wear and plastic deformation and relatively smooth wear surface could be observed.
Saiprasad Ravishankar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SiC and Al_2O_3 Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy Vehicle Clutch Applications
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Surender Dhanasekaran, S. Sunilraj, Gangala Ramya, Saiprasad RavishankarAbstract:Aluminium metal matrix composite is one of the most promising engineering material and gradually emerging technology in automobile industries. There are usage of this composite material in certain critical applications like clutch pressure and face plate assembly due to their enhanced mechanical, wear and physical properties. In the present study, A356 aluminum Alloy reinforced with SiC and Al_2O_3 particle was made by stir casting process. The effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al_2O_3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. The tensile, yield strength and hardness have been increased in the particulate containing composites. As compared to base Alloy, 20 % volume fraction of SiC reinforced composites showed 16 % increase in tensile strength and 10 % volume fraction of Al_2O_3 reinforced composites showed 19 % increase in tensile strength. The yield strength of 20 % SiC and 10 % Al_2O_3 containing samples nearly 50 % higher than those of the base Alloy. Dislocation density, precipitation hardening and changes in grain size are the main mechanisms enhancing the mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites. The 20 % SiC and 10 % Al_2O_3 reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.
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SiC and Al2O3 Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy Vehicle Clutch Applications
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Surender Dhanasekaran, S. Sunilraj, Gangala Ramya, Saiprasad RavishankarAbstract:Aluminium metal matrix composite is one of the most promising engineering material and gradually emerging technology in automobile industries. There are usage of this composite material in certain critical applications like clutch pressure and face plate assembly due to their enhanced mechanical, wear and physical properties. In the present study, A356 aluminum Alloy reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particle was made by stir casting process. The effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. The tensile, yield strength and hardness have been increased in the particulate containing composites. As compared to base Alloy, 20 % volume fraction of SiC reinforced composites showed 16 % increase in tensile strength and 10 % volume fraction of Al2O3 reinforced composites showed 19 % increase in tensile strength. The yield strength of 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 containing samples nearly 50 % higher than those of the base Alloy. Dislocation density, precipitation hardening and changes in grain size are the main mechanisms enhancing the mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites. The 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.
Jie Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laser cladding of co based Alloy tic caf2 self lubricating composite coatings on copper for continuous casting mold
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Jie Zhang, Peilei Zhang, Zhishui Yu, Chonggui Li, Peiquan Xu, Yunlong LuAbstract:Abstract In this study, Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings were successfully prepared on a Cr-Zr-Cu Alloy for continuous casting mold by Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure, phase structure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) incorporating energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as dry sliding wear test against GCr15 steel at a temperature of 400 °C. The results showed that the Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings had a unique microstructure consisting of well-developed small fine spherical TiC and CaF 2 particles uniformly dispersed in the γ-Co matrix. Average hardness of the Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) self-lubricating composite coating was about twice times that of the pure Co-based Alloy coating. It was found that the laser cladding Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 coatings on copper had good friction-reducing and antiwear abilities at temperature up to 400 °C. The composite coating obviously decreased friction coefficient and wear rate as the volume fraction of CaF 2 increased and TiC decreased. The laser cladding Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) composite coating was characterized by mild adhesion wear and plastic deformation and relatively smooth wear surface could be observed.
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Laser cladding of Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF2 self-lubricating composite coatings on copper for continuous casting mold
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Hua Yan, Jie Zhang, Peilei Zhang, Lu YunlongAbstract:Abstract In this study, Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings were successfully prepared on a Cr-Zr-Cu Alloy for continuous casting mold by Nd:YAG laser cladding. The microstructure, phase structure and wear properties were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) incorporating energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as dry sliding wear test against GCr15 steel at a temperature of 400 °C. The results showed that the Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 self-lubricating composite coatings had a unique microstructure consisting of well-developed small fine spherical TiC and CaF 2 particles uniformly dispersed in the γ-Co matrix. Average hardness of the Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) self-lubricating composite coating was about twice times that of the pure Co-based Alloy coating. It was found that the laser cladding Co-based Alloy/TiC/CaF 2 coatings on copper had good friction-reducing and antiwear abilities at temperature up to 400 °C. The composite coating obviously decreased friction coefficient and wear rate as the volume fraction of CaF 2 increased and TiC decreased. The laser cladding Co-based Alloy/20% TiC/10% CaF 2 (vol.) composite coating was characterized by mild adhesion wear and plastic deformation and relatively smooth wear surface could be observed.
Daniel D. Pollock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Thermocouples: Theory and Properties
1991Co-Authors: Daniel D. PollockAbstract:INTRODUCTION. THERMOELECTRICITY. RELATED THERMAL EFFECTS. DRUDE-LORENTZ THEORY OF METALS. BEGINNINGS OF SOLID STATE THEORY. Black-Body Radiation. Electron Emission. Bases for Modern Theory. SUGGESTED READING. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF ELECTRONS. NEWTONIAN CONCEPTS. SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION. LIMITATIONS ON SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION. ELECTRONS IN POTENTIAL WELLS. One-Dimensional Wells. Three-Dimensional Wells. THE PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUSION. QUANTUM NUMBERS. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OF ATOMS. SUGGESTED READING . SOLID-STATE THEORIES. SOMMERFELD THEORY. THE FERMI-DIRAC THEORY. The Fermi Energy. The Fermi-Dirac Function. COMPARISON OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN STATISTICS. THE FERMI-SOMMERFELD THEORY. Metals. Heat Capacity. Electrical Conductivity-Normal Metals. BAND THEORY. Relation to Fermi-Sommerfeld Theory. BRILLOUIN ZONE THEORY. Applications of the Brillouin Theory. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SEMICONDUCTORS. Intrinsic Conduction. Electron Properties. Extrinsic Conduction. SUGGESTED READING. THERMOELECTRIC PHENOMENA. RELATIVE SEEBECK COEFFICIENT. PELTIER EFFECT. THOMSON EFFECT. THERMODYNAMIC INTERRELATIONS. Fundamental Theorem. The Role of Entropy. Relation of the Peltier Effect to the Thomson Effect. Relation of the RSC to the Thomson Effect. ABSOLUTE EMF AND THE THOMSON EFFECT. Thermoelectric Laws. UTILITY OF ASC. THERMOELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSES. REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING. MODERN THEORIES OF THERMOELECTRICITY. ROLE OF HEAT CAPACITY. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Elements. Semiconductors. ROLE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Metals. Semimetals. ROLE OF INTERNAL POTENTIALS. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Elements. Alternate Evaluation of the Conduction Function. Semiconductors. RELATIONS TO OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. RELATIVE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES. SUGGESTED READING. VARIATIONS OF THE FERMI ENERGY. TEMPERATURE. EFFECTS OF AlloyING ELEMENTS IN NORMAL METALS. EFFECTS OF AlloyING ELEMENTS IN TRANSITION METALS. Dilute Alloys. Concentrated Alloys. STRESS EFFECTS. THERMOELECTRIC INSTABILITY. REFERENCES. SOME EFFECTS OF AlloyING. AlloyS OF MONOVALENT METALS. AlloyS OF MULTIVALENT METALS. AlloyS OF TRANSITION METALS. Normal-Metals Alloying Elements. Transition-Metal Alloying Elements. REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING. STANDARD THERMOELEMENTS (DILUTE AlloyS). PLATINUM AND ITS AlloyS (TYPES S, R, AND B). The Influence of Alloying with Rhodium. Factors Affecting the Use of Platinum-Base Thermocouples. NICKEL AND ITS AlloyS (TYPES K, E, AND N). The Short-Range Order Hypothesis. The Effects of Magnetic Transformations. Alumel (Type KN). Nicrosil (Type NP). Chromel (Type KP). Nisil (Type NN). Limitations on the Use of Nickel-Base Thermocouples. IRON AlloyS (TYPE JP). SOME NONSTANDARD THERMOCOUPLES. 19 Alloy-20 Alloy Thermocouple. Tungsten-Rhenium Thermocouples. Other Platinum Alloy Thermocouples. IRIDIUM-RHODIUM/IRIDIUM THERMOCOUPLES. PLATINEL THERMOCOUPLES. THERMOCOUPLE LEADS (EXTENSION WIRES). REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING-MAGNETIC EFFECTS. CONSTANTANS. BINARY Alloy THEORY. TERNARY Alloy THEORY. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE. THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY AlloyS. THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TERNARY AlloyS. Scattering of Hybridized s-d Electrons. Temperature Dependence of d-Level Holes. DESIGN OF CONSTANTAN-TYPE AlloyS (TYPES EN, JN, OR TN). REFERENCES. THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS. THEORY. PRACTICE. PELTIER MATERIALS. SUGGESTED READING. THERMOELECTRICITY AS A RESEARCH TOOL. PHASE BOUNDARIES. IMPERFECTION DENSITY. BAND STRUCTURE. PURITY EVALUATION. REFERENCES. APPENDICES. THE CONTACT POTENTIAL. THE DEBYE THEORY OF HEAT CAPACITY. METHODS FOR APPROXIMATING MAGNETIC PARAMTERS OF NICKEL-BASE THERMOELECTRIC AlloyS. Numbers of Effective Nearest Neighbors in an Electronic Spin Cluster. Paramagnetic Transformation Temperatures. Magnetic Transformation Temperatures. INDEX
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Thermocouples: Theory and Properties
1991Co-Authors: Daniel D. PollockAbstract:INTRODUCTION. THERMOELECTRICITY. RELATED THERMAL EFFECTS. DRUDE-LORENTZ THEORY OF METALS. BEGINNINGS OF SOLID STATE THEORY. Black-Body Radiation. Electron Emission. Bases for Modern Theory. SUGGESTED READING. STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF ELECTRONS. NEWTONIAN CONCEPTS. SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION. LIMITATIONS ON SCHRODINGER'S EQUATION. ELECTRONS IN POTENTIAL WELLS. One-Dimensional Wells. Three-Dimensional Wells. THE PRINCIPLE OF EXCLUSION. QUANTUM NUMBERS. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OF ATOMS. SUGGESTED READING . SOLID-STATE THEORIES. SOMMERFELD THEORY. THE FERMI-DIRAC THEORY. The Fermi Energy. The Fermi-Dirac Function. COMPARISON OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN STATISTICS. THE FERMI-SOMMERFELD THEORY. Metals. Heat Capacity. Electrical Conductivity-Normal Metals. BAND THEORY. Relation to Fermi-Sommerfeld Theory. BRILLOUIN ZONE THEORY. Applications of the Brillouin Theory. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SEMICONDUCTORS. Intrinsic Conduction. Electron Properties. Extrinsic Conduction. SUGGESTED READING. THERMOELECTRIC PHENOMENA. RELATIVE SEEBECK COEFFICIENT. PELTIER EFFECT. THOMSON EFFECT. THERMODYNAMIC INTERRELATIONS. Fundamental Theorem. The Role of Entropy. Relation of the Peltier Effect to the Thomson Effect. Relation of the RSC to the Thomson Effect. ABSOLUTE EMF AND THE THOMSON EFFECT. Thermoelectric Laws. UTILITY OF ASC. THERMOELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSES. REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING. MODERN THEORIES OF THERMOELECTRICITY. ROLE OF HEAT CAPACITY. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Elements. Semiconductors. ROLE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Metals. Semimetals. ROLE OF INTERNAL POTENTIALS. Normal Metallic Elements. Transition Elements. Alternate Evaluation of the Conduction Function. Semiconductors. RELATIONS TO OTHER PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. RELATIVE THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES. SUGGESTED READING. VARIATIONS OF THE FERMI ENERGY. TEMPERATURE. EFFECTS OF AlloyING ELEMENTS IN NORMAL METALS. EFFECTS OF AlloyING ELEMENTS IN TRANSITION METALS. Dilute Alloys. Concentrated Alloys. STRESS EFFECTS. THERMOELECTRIC INSTABILITY. REFERENCES. SOME EFFECTS OF AlloyING. AlloyS OF MONOVALENT METALS. AlloyS OF MULTIVALENT METALS. AlloyS OF TRANSITION METALS. Normal-Metals Alloying Elements. Transition-Metal Alloying Elements. REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING. STANDARD THERMOELEMENTS (DILUTE AlloyS). PLATINUM AND ITS AlloyS (TYPES S, R, AND B). The Influence of Alloying with Rhodium. Factors Affecting the Use of Platinum-Base Thermocouples. NICKEL AND ITS AlloyS (TYPES K, E, AND N). The Short-Range Order Hypothesis. The Effects of Magnetic Transformations. Alumel (Type KN). Nicrosil (Type NP). Chromel (Type KP). Nisil (Type NN). Limitations on the Use of Nickel-Base Thermocouples. IRON AlloyS (TYPE JP). SOME NONSTANDARD THERMOCOUPLES. 19 Alloy-20 Alloy Thermocouple. Tungsten-Rhenium Thermocouples. Other Platinum Alloy Thermocouples. IRIDIUM-RHODIUM/IRIDIUM THERMOCOUPLES. PLATINEL THERMOCOUPLES. THERMOCOUPLE LEADS (EXTENSION WIRES). REFERENCES. SUGGESTED READING-MAGNETIC EFFECTS. CONSTANTANS. BINARY Alloy THEORY. TERNARY Alloy THEORY. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE. THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BINARY AlloyS. THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TERNARY AlloyS. Scattering of Hybridized s-d Electrons. Temperature Dependence of d-Level Holes. DESIGN OF CONSTANTAN-TYPE AlloyS (TYPES EN, JN, OR TN). REFERENCES. THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS. THEORY. PRACTICE. PELTIER MATERIALS. SUGGESTED READING. THERMOELECTRICITY AS A RESEARCH TOOL. PHASE BOUNDARIES. IMPERFECTION DENSITY. BAND STRUCTURE. PURITY EVALUATION. REFERENCES. APPENDICES. THE CONTACT POTENTIAL. THE DEBYE THEORY OF HEAT CAPACITY. METHODS FOR APPROXIMATING MAGNETIC PARAMTERS OF NICKEL-BASE THERMOELECTRIC AlloyS. Numbers of Effective Nearest Neighbors in an Electronic Spin Cluster. Paramagnetic Transformation Temperatures. Magnetic Transformation Temperatures. INDEX
Surender Dhanasekaran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SiC and Al_2O_3 Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy Vehicle Clutch Applications
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Surender Dhanasekaran, S. Sunilraj, Gangala Ramya, Saiprasad RavishankarAbstract:Aluminium metal matrix composite is one of the most promising engineering material and gradually emerging technology in automobile industries. There are usage of this composite material in certain critical applications like clutch pressure and face plate assembly due to their enhanced mechanical, wear and physical properties. In the present study, A356 aluminum Alloy reinforced with SiC and Al_2O_3 particle was made by stir casting process. The effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al_2O_3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. The tensile, yield strength and hardness have been increased in the particulate containing composites. As compared to base Alloy, 20 % volume fraction of SiC reinforced composites showed 16 % increase in tensile strength and 10 % volume fraction of Al_2O_3 reinforced composites showed 19 % increase in tensile strength. The yield strength of 20 % SiC and 10 % Al_2O_3 containing samples nearly 50 % higher than those of the base Alloy. Dislocation density, precipitation hardening and changes in grain size are the main mechanisms enhancing the mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites. The 20 % SiC and 10 % Al_2O_3 reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.
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SiC and Al2O3 Reinforced Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites for Heavy Vehicle Clutch Applications
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals, 2016Co-Authors: Surender Dhanasekaran, S. Sunilraj, Gangala Ramya, Saiprasad RavishankarAbstract:Aluminium metal matrix composite is one of the most promising engineering material and gradually emerging technology in automobile industries. There are usage of this composite material in certain critical applications like clutch pressure and face plate assembly due to their enhanced mechanical, wear and physical properties. In the present study, A356 aluminum Alloy reinforced with SiC and Al2O3 particle was made by stir casting process. The effects of different volume fractions of SiC and Al2O3 particle reinforcement on microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. The tensile, yield strength and hardness have been increased in the particulate containing composites. As compared to base Alloy, 20 % volume fraction of SiC reinforced composites showed 16 % increase in tensile strength and 10 % volume fraction of Al2O3 reinforced composites showed 19 % increase in tensile strength. The yield strength of 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 containing samples nearly 50 % higher than those of the base Alloy. Dislocation density, precipitation hardening and changes in grain size are the main mechanisms enhancing the mechanical properties of particulate reinforced composites. The 20 % SiC and 10 % Al2O3 reinforced composites have been identified as optimized composites for clutch pressure/face plate application.