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Peter C. Boyce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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studies on the Alocasia schott araceae of borneo iii Alocasia puncakborneensis a new species belonging to the princeps complex
Webbia, 2020Co-Authors: Sin Yeng Wong, Peter C. BoyceAbstract:Alocasia puncakborneensis is described and illustrated as a new species of the Alocasia Princeps Complex from upper hill forest on the extremely hard Paleogene sandstones of the Penrissen range, SW Sarawak. Alocasia puncakborneensis occurs at the highest altitude of any of the locally-restricted /geologically obligated species yet described for the Princeps Complex.
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studies on the Alocasia clade araceae of peninsular malaysia i Alocasia farisii sp nov from limestone in kelantan
Nordic Journal of Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Zulhazman Hamzah, Peter C. Boyce, Norzielawati SallehAbstract:Alocasia farisii Zulhazman, Norzielawati & P. C. Boyce is described and illustrated from Karst limestone in Kelantan as the first recorded Peninsular Malaysian species of the hitherto wholly Bornean Alocasia princeps complex, within which A. farisii most closely resembles the southwest Sarawak limestone-obligated Alocasia reversa N. E. Br.
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Vietnamocasia , a new genus from Central Vietnam belonging to the Alocasia - Colocasia clade (Araceae)
Phytotaxa, 2017Co-Authors: Lý Ngoc-sâm, Wong Sin Yeng, Thomas Haevermans, Nguyễn Văn Dư, Peter C. BoyceAbstract:Vietnamocasia , a new monotypic aroid genus in the Alocasia - Colocasia clade, is described with the type species, Vietnamocasia dauae . Vietnamocasia is distinguished by possessing free individual staminate flowers, lacking expanded synconnectives, and having nodding inflorescences. Vegetatively Vietnamocasia is reminiscent of species of the distantly closely related Alocasia Cuprea Group, although Vietnamocasia is so far only known from the type locality in Central Vietnam, over 1200 km NE from the nearest representative of the Alocasia Cuprea Group. The phylogenetic analyses of Vietnamocasia dauae together with representative taxa from all genera of the Alocasia-Colocasia clade recovered Vietnamocasia as a strongly supported clade sister to Alocasia , together nested in a clade to which Leucocasia is a sister taxon. Vietnamocasia dauae is illustrated from living plants and with a line drawing. A key to all genera of Alocasia - Colocasia clade is included.
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studies on the araceae of the lesser sunda islands i new distribution records for Alocasia alba
The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore, 2013Co-Authors: Agung Kurniawan, Ni Putu Sri Asih, Peter C. BoyceAbstract:Alocasia alba Schott is a new record for the islands of Bali and Lombok, in the Indonesian Lesser Sunda Islands. An expanded description is given, and the species illustrated from living plants. A key to species of Alocasia for the Lesser Sunda Islands is provided.
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giant taro and its relatives a phylogeny of the large genus Alocasia araceae sheds light on miocene floristic exchange in the malesian region
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Lars Nauheimer, Peter C. Boyce, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Alocasia comprises over 113 species of rainforest understorey plants in Southeast Asia, the Malesian region, and Australia. Several species, including giant taro, Alocasia macrorrhizos, and Chinese taro, Alocasia cucullata, are important food plants or ornamentals. We investigated the biogeography of this genus using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences (5200 nucleotides) from 78 accessions representing 71 species, plus 25 species representing 16 genera of the Pistia clade to which Alocasia belongs. Divergence times were inferred under strict and relaxed clock models, and ancestral areas with Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Alocasia is monophyletic and sister to Colocasia gigantea from the SE Asian mainland, whereas the type species of Colocasia groups with Steudnera and Remusatia, requiring taxonomic realignments. Nuclear and plastid trees show topological conflict, with the nuclear tree reflecting morphological similarities, the plastid tree species’ geographic proximity, suggesting chloroplast capture. The ancestor of Alocasia diverged from its mainland sister group c. 24 million years ago, and Borneo then played a central role in the expansion of Alocasia: 11–13 of 18–19 inferred dispersal events originated on Borneo. The Philippines were reached from Borneo 4–5 times in the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene, and the Asian mainland 6–7 times in the Pliocene. Domesticated giant taro originated on the Philippines, Chinese taro on the Asian mainland.
Susanne S Renner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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giant taro and its relatives a phylogeny of the large genus Alocasia araceae sheds light on miocene floristic exchange in the malesian region
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2012Co-Authors: Lars Nauheimer, Peter C. Boyce, Susanne S RennerAbstract:Alocasia comprises over 113 species of rainforest understorey plants in Southeast Asia, the Malesian region, and Australia. Several species, including giant taro, Alocasia macrorrhizos, and Chinese taro, Alocasia cucullata, are important food plants or ornamentals. We investigated the biogeography of this genus using plastid and nuclear DNA sequences (5200 nucleotides) from 78 accessions representing 71 species, plus 25 species representing 16 genera of the Pistia clade to which Alocasia belongs. Divergence times were inferred under strict and relaxed clock models, and ancestral areas with Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Alocasia is monophyletic and sister to Colocasia gigantea from the SE Asian mainland, whereas the type species of Colocasia groups with Steudnera and Remusatia, requiring taxonomic realignments. Nuclear and plastid trees show topological conflict, with the nuclear tree reflecting morphological similarities, the plastid tree species’ geographic proximity, suggesting chloroplast capture. The ancestor of Alocasia diverged from its mainland sister group c. 24 million years ago, and Borneo then played a central role in the expansion of Alocasia: 11–13 of 18–19 inferred dispersal events originated on Borneo. The Philippines were reached from Borneo 4–5 times in the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene, and the Asian mainland 6–7 times in the Pliocene. Domesticated giant taro originated on the Philippines, Chinese taro on the Asian mainland.
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biogeography of the pistia clade araceae based on chloroplast and mitochondrial dna sequences and bayesian divergence time inference
Systematic Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Susanne S Renner, Libing ZhangAbstract:Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) and Lemna (duckweeds) are the only free-floating aquatic Araceae. The geographic origin and phylogenetic placement of these unrelated aroids present long-standing problems because of their highly modified reproductive structures and wide geographical distributions. We sampled chloroplast (trnL-trnF and rpl20-rps12 spacers, trnL intron) and mitochondrial sequences (nad1 b/c intron) for all genera implicated as close relatives of Pistia by morphological, restriction site, and sequencing data, and present a hypothesis about its geographic origin based on the consensus of trees obtained from the combined data, using Bayesian, maximum likelihood, parsimony, and distance analyses. Of the 14 genera closest to Pistia, only Alocasia, Arisaema, and Typhonium are species-rich, and the latter two were studied previously, facilitating the choice of representatives that span the roots of these genera. Results indicate that Pistia and the Seychelles endemic Protarum sechellarum are the basalmost branches in a grade comprising the tribes Colocasieae (Ariopsis, Steudnera, Remusatia, Alocasia, Colocasia), Arisaemateae (Arisaema, Pinellia), and Areae (Arum, Biarum, Dracunculus, Eminium, Helicodiceros, Theriophonum, Typhonium). Unexpectedly, all Areae genera are embedded in Typhonium, which throws new light on the geographic history of Areae. A Bayesian analysis of divergence times that explores the effects of multiple fossil and geological calibration points indicates that the Pistia lineage is 90 to 76 million years (my) old. The oldest fossils of the Pistia clade, though not Pistia itself, are 45-my-old leaves from Germany; the closest outgroup, Peltandreae (comprising a few species in Florida, the Mediterranean, and Madagascar), is known from 60-my-old leaves from Europe, Kazakhstan, North Dakota, and Tennessee. Based on the geographic ranges of close relatives, Pistia likely originated in the Tethys region, with Protarum then surviving on the Seychelles, which became isolated from Madagascar and India in the Late Cretaceous (85 my ago). Pistia and Protarum provide striking examples of ancient lineages that appear to have survived in unique or isolated habitats.
Yihai Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Piperidine alkaloids from Alocasia macrorrhiza.
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Wenjie Huang, Xiaomin Yi, Jianying Feng, Yihai Wang, Xiangjiu HeAbstract:Abstract Six previously undescribed piperidine alkaloids were isolated from the rhizomes of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis and the application of a modified Mosher method. All isolated alkaloids were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (CNE-1, Detroit 562, Fadu, MGC-803, and MCF-7) using the MTT method. Only one compound exhibited cytotoxic effects against Detroit 562, Fadu, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values less than 10 μM.
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anti inflammatory lignanamides and monoindoles from Alocasia macrorrhiza
Fitoterapia, 2017Co-Authors: Wenjie Huang, Yihai WangAbstract:Five new lignanamides (1-5), and one new monoindole alkaloid (6), along with eight known compounds (7-14) were isolated and identified from the rhizomes of Alocasia macrorrhiza (giant taro). All purified compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, and the antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial (CNE-1), human gastric carcinoma (MGC-803), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT method. Compounds 2, 4, 7 and 8 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on NO production with the IC50 values of 2.35±0.38, 9.20±0.94, 3.45±0.39 and 7.96±0.56μM, respectively. The results suggested the lignanamides and monoindoles might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of giant taro and might be potential anti-inflammatory candidates.
Masako Yafuso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pollination of Alocasia cucullata araceae by two colocasiomyia flies known to be specific pollinators for Alocasia odora
Plant Species Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Takashi Miyake, Masako YafusoAbstract:Two aroid congeners, Alocasia odora and Alocasia cucullata, grow on Okinawa Island, Japan. Two floricolous species of Colocasiomyia Alocasiae and Colocasiomyia xenAlocasiae (Diptera: Drosophilidae), previously known to be specific pollinators for A. odora, were found pollinating A. cucullata. We collected the floral volatiles of A. odora and A. cucullata and compared them using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry because floral volatiles act as attractive signals for these pollinators. The volatile compositions detected were similar and dominated by methyl salicylate, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, methyl benzoate and α-humulene, which means it is likely that the flies cannot discriminate between the two plant species when they search for hosts. Interspecific hybridization did not occur when A. odora was hand pollinated with A. cucullata pollen, suggesting that the movement of flies from one host species to another will result in wastage of pollen. Adults of both Colocasiomyia flies emerged from A. cucullata inflorescences collected in the field, suggesting that their larvae can also develop on A. cucullata. We did not find any difference in larval performance of C. Alocasiae on A. cucullata or A. odora. C. Alocasiae does not appear to suffer any ill effects when using A. cucullata as a host plant. The partnership between A. cucullata and the two Colocasiomyia flies may be an example of exaptation, although other possibilities cannot be excluded.
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floral scents affect reproductive success in fly pollinated Alocasia odora araceae
American Journal of Botany, 2003Co-Authors: Takashi Miyake, Masako YafusoAbstract:We evaluated the role of floral scents in the reproductive success of Alocasia odora C. Koch (Araceae). Alocasia odora is pollinated by its specific pollinators, Colocasiomyia Alocasiae (Okada) and C. xenAlocasiae (Okada) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). These flies use the spadix of A. odora as breeding sites. The appendix, which is at an upper part of the spadix and is the most attractive region, attracted these pollinators by emitting volatiles, although the male zone of the inflorescence was also attractive. The number of flies attracted was positively correlated with appendix size. During the pistillate phase of the protogynous spadix, attracted flies aggregated in the lower part (female zone) to mate, lay eggs, and perhaps obtain nutrients. The flies moved to the upper part (male zone) of the spadix by the tightening of the constriction separating the upper and lower parts, and then the staminate phase started. This movement of the flies on the spadix promotes outcrossing of A. odora. Removal of the appendix or the whole upper part of the spadix resulted in much reduced fruit set, suggesting that the absence of the scent-producing region leads to insufficient pollination because of reduced pollinator attraction.
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thermogenesis of Alocasia odora araceae and the role of colocasiomyia flies diptera drosophilidae as cross pollinators
Environmental Entomology, 1993Co-Authors: Masako YafusoAbstract:Alocasia odora C. Koch, a hermaphroditic understory clonal herb, showed endogenous heat production during its blooming sequence. The first heat production cycle was associated with the initiation of the female phase and the third or the fourth cycle was associated with the male phase. Two flower-breeding flies, Colocasiomyia Alocasiae (Okada) and C. xenAlocasiae (Okada) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), were attracted by the strong odor that emanated from A. odora . The flies carried pollen from other inflorescences thus affecting the reproductive success of the female phase of the hermaphroditic host. The flies stayed within the flowers, eating pollen during the subsequent male phase, then exited the inflorescence carrying pollen to other inflorescences, thus affecting reproductive success of the male phase. These flower-breeding flies increased the efficiency of the alternating reproductive tactics of the protogynous host plant. The special odor that emanated from the host during heat production may serve as an important stimulus for the two pollinator species to locate their host inflorescences.
Wenjie Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Piperidine alkaloids from Alocasia macrorrhiza.
Phytochemistry, 2017Co-Authors: Wenjie Huang, Xiaomin Yi, Jianying Feng, Yihai Wang, Xiangjiu HeAbstract:Abstract Six previously undescribed piperidine alkaloids were isolated from the rhizomes of Alocasia macrorrhiza (L.) Schott. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS spectroscopic analysis and the application of a modified Mosher method. All isolated alkaloids were evaluated for cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (CNE-1, Detroit 562, Fadu, MGC-803, and MCF-7) using the MTT method. Only one compound exhibited cytotoxic effects against Detroit 562, Fadu, and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values less than 10 μM.
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anti inflammatory lignanamides and monoindoles from Alocasia macrorrhiza
Fitoterapia, 2017Co-Authors: Wenjie Huang, Yihai WangAbstract:Five new lignanamides (1-5), and one new monoindole alkaloid (6), along with eight known compounds (7-14) were isolated and identified from the rhizomes of Alocasia macrorrhiza (giant taro). All purified compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, and the antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma epithelial (CNE-1), human gastric carcinoma (MGC-803), and human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines by MTT method. Compounds 2, 4, 7 and 8 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on NO production with the IC50 values of 2.35±0.38, 9.20±0.94, 3.45±0.39 and 7.96±0.56μM, respectively. The results suggested the lignanamides and monoindoles might be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of giant taro and might be potential anti-inflammatory candidates.