The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicholas Karpowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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single shot carrier envelope phase measurement in Ambient Air
Optica, 2020Co-Authors: M Kubullek, Zilong Wang, K Von Der Brelje, Dmitry Zimin, Philipp Rosenberger, Johannes Schotz, M Neuhaus, S Sederberg, A Staudte, Nicholas KarpowiczAbstract:The ability to measure and control the carrier–envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulses is of paramount importance for both frequency metrology and attosecond science. Here, we present a phase meter relying on CEP-dependent photocurrents induced by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses focused between electrodes in Ambient Air. The new device facilitates compact, single-shot CEP measurements under Ambient conditions and promises CEP tagging at repetition rates orders of magnitude higher than most conventional CEP detection schemes, as well as straightforward implementation at longer wavelengths.
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single shot carrier envelope phase measurement in Ambient Air
arXiv: Optics, 2019Co-Authors: M Kubullek, Zilong Wang, K Von Der Brelje, Dmitry Zimin, Philipp Rosenberger, Johannes Schotz, M Neuhaus, S Sederberg, A Staudte, Nicholas KarpowiczAbstract:The ability to measure and control the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulses is of paramount importance for both frequency metrology and attosecond science. Here, we present a phase meter relying on the CEP-dependent photocurrents induced by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses focused between electrodes in Ambient Air. The new device facilitates compact single-shot, CEP measurements under Ambient conditions and promises CEP tagging at repetition rates orders of magnitude higher than most conventional CEP detection schemes as well as straightforward implementation at longer wavelengths.
Haoshen Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a reversible long life lithium Air battery in Ambient Air
Nature Communications, 2013Co-Authors: Tao Zhang, Haoshen ZhouAbstract:Lithium Air batteries have among the highest energy storage capacities, but their effective lifetime is short when using liquid electrolytes. Zhang et al. realize a lithium Air battery with much improved cycling stability in Ambient Air by combining a solid electrolyte and a gel cathode.
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A reversible long-life lithium-Air battery in Ambient Air
Nature Communications, 2013Co-Authors: Tao Zhang, Haoshen ZhouAbstract:Electrolyte degradation, Li dendrite formation and parasitic reactions with H₂O and CO₂ are all directly correlated to reversibility and cycleability of Li-Air batteries when operated in Ambient Air. Here we replace easily decomposable liquid electrolytes with a solid Li-ion conductor, which acts as both a catholyte and a Li protector. Meanwhile, the conventional solid Air cathodes are replaced with a gel cathode, which contacts directly with the solid catholyte to form a closed and sustainable gel/solid interface. The proposed Li-Air cell has sustained repeated cycling in Ambient Air for 100 cycles (~78 days), with discharge capacity of 2,000 mAh g(-1). The recharging is based largely on the reversible reactions of Li₂CO₃ product, originating from the initial discharge product of Li₂O₂ instead of electrolyte degradation. Our results demonstrate that a reversible long-life Li-Air battery is attainable by coordinated approaches towards the focal issues of electrolytes and Li metal.
M Kubullek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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single shot carrier envelope phase measurement in Ambient Air
Optica, 2020Co-Authors: M Kubullek, Zilong Wang, K Von Der Brelje, Dmitry Zimin, Philipp Rosenberger, Johannes Schotz, M Neuhaus, S Sederberg, A Staudte, Nicholas KarpowiczAbstract:The ability to measure and control the carrier–envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulses is of paramount importance for both frequency metrology and attosecond science. Here, we present a phase meter relying on CEP-dependent photocurrents induced by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses focused between electrodes in Ambient Air. The new device facilitates compact, single-shot CEP measurements under Ambient conditions and promises CEP tagging at repetition rates orders of magnitude higher than most conventional CEP detection schemes, as well as straightforward implementation at longer wavelengths.
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single shot carrier envelope phase measurement in Ambient Air
arXiv: Optics, 2019Co-Authors: M Kubullek, Zilong Wang, K Von Der Brelje, Dmitry Zimin, Philipp Rosenberger, Johannes Schotz, M Neuhaus, S Sederberg, A Staudte, Nicholas KarpowiczAbstract:The ability to measure and control the carrier envelope phase (CEP) of few-cycle laser pulses is of paramount importance for both frequency metrology and attosecond science. Here, we present a phase meter relying on the CEP-dependent photocurrents induced by circularly polarized few-cycle pulses focused between electrodes in Ambient Air. The new device facilitates compact single-shot, CEP measurements under Ambient conditions and promises CEP tagging at repetition rates orders of magnitude higher than most conventional CEP detection schemes as well as straightforward implementation at longer wavelengths.
Jos Lelieveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiovascular disease burden from Ambient Air pollution in europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions
European Heart Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Klaus Klingmuller, M Fnais, Andrea Pozzer, Andreas Daiber, Ulrich Poschl, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas MünzelAbstract:Aims Ambient Air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions, calling for re-evaluation of the disease burden. Accordingly, we estimated excess cardiovascular mortality attributed to Air pollution in Europe.
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cardiovascular disease burden from Ambient Air pollution in europe reassessed using novel hazard ratio functions
European Heart Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Klaus Klingmuller, M Fnais, Andrea Pozzer, Andreas Daiber, Ulrich Poschl, Jos Lelieveld, Thomas MünzelAbstract:Aims Ambient Air pollution is a major health risk, leading to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. A recent Global Exposure Mortality Model, based on an unmatched number of cohort studies in many countries, provides new hazard ratio functions, calling for re-evaluation of the disease burden. Accordingly, we estimated excess cardiovascular mortality attributed to Air pollution in Europe. Methods and results The new hazard ratio functions have been combined with Ambient Air pollution exposure data to estimate the impacts in Europe and the 28 countries of the European Union (EU-28). The annual excess mortality rate from Ambient Air pollution in Europe is 790 000 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 645 000-934 000], and 659 000 (95% CI 537 000-775 000) in the EU-28. Between 40% and 80% are due to cardiovascular events, which dominate health outcomes. The upper limit includes events attributed to other non-communicable diseases, which are currently not specified. These estimates exceed recent analyses, such as the Global Burden of Disease for 2015, by more than a factor of two. We estimate that Air pollution reduces the mean life expectancy in Europe by about 2.2 years with an annual, attributable per capita mortality rate in Europe of 133/100 000 per year. Conclusion We provide new data based on novel hazard ratio functions suggesting that the health impacts attributable to Ambient Air pollution in Europe are substantially higher than previously assumed, though subject to considerable uncertainty. Our results imply that replacing fossil fuels by clean, renewable energy sources could substantially reduce the loss of life expectancy from Air pollution.
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age dependent health risk from Ambient Air pollution a modelling and data analysis of childhood mortality in middle income and low income countries
The Lancet Planetary Health, 2018Co-Authors: Andy Haines, Jos Lelieveld, Andrea PozzerAbstract:Summary Background WHO estimates that, in 2015, nearly 1 million children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs). Ambient Air pollution has a major impact on mortality from LRIs, especially in combination with undernutrition and inadequate health care. We aimed to estimate mortality due to Ambient Air pollution in 2015, particularly in children younger than 5 years, to investigate to what extent exposure to this risk factor affects life expectancy in different parts of the world. Methods Applying results from a recent atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model and health statistics from the WHO Global Health Observatory, combined in integrated exposure-response functions, we updated our estimates of mortality from Ambient (outdoor) Air pollution. We estimated excess deaths attributable to Air pollution by disease category and age group, particularly those due to Ambient Air pollution-induced LRIs (AAP-LRIs) in childhood. Estimates are presented as excess mortality attributable to Ambient Air pollution and years of life lost (YLLs). To study recent developments, we calculated our estimates for the years 2010 and 2015. Findings Overall, 4·55 million deaths (95% CI 3·41 million to 5·56 million) were attributable to Air pollution in 2015, of which 727 000 deaths (573 000–865 000) were due to AAP-LRIs. We estimated that AAP-LRIs caused about 237 000 (192 000–277 000) excess child deaths in 2015. Although childhood AAP-LRIs contributed about 5% of Air pollution-attributable deaths worldwide, they accounted for 18% of losses in life expectancy, equivalent to 21·5 million (17 million to 25 million) of the total 122 million YLLs due to Ambient Air pollution in 2015. The mortality rate from Ambient Air pollution was highest in Asia, whereas the per capita YLLs were highest in Africa. We estimated that in sub-Saharan Africa, Ambient Air pollution reduces the average life expectancy of children by 4–5 years. In Asia, all-age mortality increased by about 10% between 2010 and 2015, whereas childhood mortality from AAP-LRIs declined by nearly 30% in the same period. Interpretation Most child deaths due to AAP-LRIs occur in low-income countries in Africa and Asia. A three-pronged strategy is needed to reduce the health effects of Ambient Air pollution in children: aggressive reduction of Air pollution levels, improvements in nutrition, and enhanced treatment of Air pollution-related health outcomes. Funding None.
Tao Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a reversible long life lithium Air battery in Ambient Air
Nature Communications, 2013Co-Authors: Tao Zhang, Haoshen ZhouAbstract:Lithium Air batteries have among the highest energy storage capacities, but their effective lifetime is short when using liquid electrolytes. Zhang et al. realize a lithium Air battery with much improved cycling stability in Ambient Air by combining a solid electrolyte and a gel cathode.
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A reversible long-life lithium-Air battery in Ambient Air
Nature Communications, 2013Co-Authors: Tao Zhang, Haoshen ZhouAbstract:Electrolyte degradation, Li dendrite formation and parasitic reactions with H₂O and CO₂ are all directly correlated to reversibility and cycleability of Li-Air batteries when operated in Ambient Air. Here we replace easily decomposable liquid electrolytes with a solid Li-ion conductor, which acts as both a catholyte and a Li protector. Meanwhile, the conventional solid Air cathodes are replaced with a gel cathode, which contacts directly with the solid catholyte to form a closed and sustainable gel/solid interface. The proposed Li-Air cell has sustained repeated cycling in Ambient Air for 100 cycles (~78 days), with discharge capacity of 2,000 mAh g(-1). The recharging is based largely on the reversible reactions of Li₂CO₃ product, originating from the initial discharge product of Li₂O₂ instead of electrolyte degradation. Our results demonstrate that a reversible long-life Li-Air battery is attainable by coordinated approaches towards the focal issues of electrolytes and Li metal.
