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Niu Yue-tin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Research Prospect of Information Ammunition Storage Life Evaluation
Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Niu Yue-tinAbstract:Information Ammunition is a new type of Ammunition,which is different from traditional Ammunition and missile.New features of information Ammunition in storage life evaluation and life extension technology were discussed,which were different from traditional Ammunition and missile,from the aspects of structure,principle,test method,maintenance model,and life evaluation method.Some development speculations on storage life evaluation of information Ammunition were put forward.
Gerd Liebezeit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Geochemical analysis of Lake Bant sediments to ascertain inorganic and organic indicators for warfare residues
Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2010Co-Authors: Jan Schwarzbauer, Sven Sindern, Larissa Dsikowitzky, Gerd LiebezeitAbstract:Purpose The immediate time period after the Second World War (1945–1946) was characterised by an urgent need to dispose large amounts of Ammunition residues. Although the environmental relevance of explosives released to soils is intensively investigated, to date, their fate and effects in marine ecosystems are not well known. Surface sediments from Lake Bant, Germany, for which deposition of an enhanced amount of Ammunition after World War II has been reported, were analysed to identify organic and inorganic indicators for warfare residues. Additionally, samples of Ammunition residues collected from the Wadden Sea, Germany, were analysed in order to obtain information on the long-term behaviour of explosives in undamaged Ammunition left in the aquatic environment and to obtain first insights into the spectrum of organic substances which are possibly released to the aquatic environment by such Ammunition residues. Materials and methods Inorganic analyses comprising determination of major elements (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence) and heavy metals (ICP-OES, graphite furnace AAS and LA-ICP-MS) were applied to surface sediment samples from Lake Bant as well as to metal coatings of Ammunition samples. Organic constituents of sediment samples, corresponding pore water and Ammunition fillings were analysed by a Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometer-based non-target screening approach. Results and discussion Analyses of lake sediment samples depicted a complex pattern of pollution dominantly derived from petrogenic and sewage sources. Comparing the spatial distribution of petrogenic contaminants with petroleum-related emissions sources present till 1945 at Lake Bant, it is likely that the detected petrogenic contamination represents dominantly war-related residues. Contamination from Ammunition residues was not clearly evident in the sediment samples. However, indicative nitrogen-containing compounds potentially reflecting Ammunition impact were obtained from analyses of pore water samples. The presence of dibenzylamine, N -nitroso dibenzylamine and diethylamino benzopyranone might give evidence that nitrogen-rich compounds have been released by dumped Ammunition. Additional investigation of Ammunition samples from the same time period derived from the Jade Bay indicated a high-preservation potential and consequently long-term preservation for explosives in undamaged Ammunition residues. Conclusions War-related residues in sediments of Lake Bant have to be appointed dominantly to petroleum-related emission sources, whereas Ammunition residues currently do not contribute significantly. However, the identification of specific nitrogen-containing organic substances in the corresponding pore water pointed to the assumption that (1) pore water might be an appropriate compartment to follow the environmental fate of Ammunition constituents in surface water systems and (2) an extended bioavailability has to be presumed for explosive derivatives. Furthermore, based on the observed preservation of Ammunition fillings, the corrosion and decomposition of Ammunition shells might lead to the emission of unaltered explosives even decades after their deposition in aquatic environments. However, the information on their environmental stability and fate in surface waters is still limited. Recommendations and perspectives Since the knowledge on the environmental fate of Ammunition residues in the aquatic environment comprising their stability as well as their potential harmful effects is very low, further investigations on the long-term behaviour of Ammunition residues in subaquatic sediments and the corresponding water body is recommended.
H E Jianxin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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application of arrhenius equation in storage life evaluation of Ammunition
Equipment Environmental Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: H E JianxinAbstract:The example was represented by rubber material used in one missile helm.The quantificational evaluation method for storage life evaluation of Ammunition was expatiated.The significance of correct determination of Ammunition failure criterion was analyzed.The application of natural weathering test and accelerated aging test in quantificational evaluation of Ammunition storage life was introduced.The essential of Arrhenius equation used in quantificational evaluation of Ammunition storage life was discussed emphatically.The applicable reaction and temperature of Arrhenius equation were illuminated in detail.It was emphasized that the coherence and validity for Arrhenius equation used in quantificational evaluation of Ammunition storage life must be proved.
Goran Dave - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of tnt leakage from dumped Ammunition on fish and invertebrates in static brackish water systems
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2008Co-Authors: Eva Nilsson, Goran DaveAbstract:The objective of the present study was to study the release and effect of TNT from dumped Ammunition. Cleaved artillery shells were placed in static brackish water systems for 5 months, and another 12 months with 5 cm sediment burial. The toxicity was determined in bioassays with crustaceans (Nitocra spinipes and Hyalella azteca) and/or European flounder (Platichtys flesus). The water phase was analysed for TNT using colorimetric method and GC-MS. This study showed a rapid release of TNT to acutely toxic concentrations when the cleaved ammuniton was not covered with sediment under static conditions, but that the release was effectively inhibited by sediment burial of the artillery shells. Hence, at least in a short-term perspective, acute adverse effects of sediment-buried Ammunition on aquatic organisms should be greatly reduced.
Yao Rong-guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Application of High Pressure Water Jet in Ammunition Surface Degreasing
Surface Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Yao Rong-guoAbstract:The grease under the surface of Ammunition must be degreased before use,maintenance and rejection.The kind and related parameter of the grease used in Ammunition were introduced.According to the analysis of the degreasing method in use,the method that uses high pressure water jet technology to wash surface grease of Ammunition was proposed.According to the characteristic that the Ammunition filled with explosive charge and powder.The restraint factor of the high pressure water jet's parameter using in Ammunition degreasing,the composition of the degreasing equipment and the merits of the method were analyzed.