Anaesthetic Machine

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J A Berge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine better cheaper and more user friendly
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • A simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine — better, cheaper and more user-friendly?
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • an evaluation of a time saving Anaesthetic Machine checkout procedure
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1994
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Although it is generally acknowledged that a pre-use checkout of the Anaesthetic Machine significantly improves patient safety, an evaluation of such procedures is uncommon. Previous studies have shown that Anaesthetic personnel using different check routines are unable to detect the majority of pre-set technical malfunctions. We have shown that it is possible to develop an effective and time-saving check procedure by integrating seven simple steps into one continuous flow procedure, where the settings and results of one step are used in the following step to optimize step interaction. The method is a 'core' procedure adapted to Machines sold after 1980 according to the current ISO standard (presently undergoing revision). A user inquiry demonstrated that this pre-use check has been easily adopted in departments of anaesthesia. Moreover, the inquiry showed that most departments would not accept a checkout procedure which required more than 5-6 min. A study on nurse anaesthetists performing this procedure in the operating suite showed an average checking time of approximately 3 min. A performance test was undertaken by activating four different malfunctions in an Anaesthetic Machine training simulator. Twelve of 17 nurse anaesthetists rapidly identified all faults, whereas five nurses missed one or two faults. Our study suggests that our check procedure (the seven point check) provides a time-saving method for effective pre-use control of the Anaesthetic Machine.

  • a training simulator for detecting equipment failure in the Anaesthetic Machine
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1993
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, O Jensen
    Abstract:

    : Simulation is often used for training personnel in activities where the consequences of inappropriate actions are serious. We report a realistic training simulator, which can reproduce practically all potential malfunctions in the Anaesthetic Machine. Using actual standard equipment (Dameca 10750), the interior of the Anaesthetic Machine has been profoundly modified, whereas the external appearance remains virtually unchanged. The concealed alterations allow 20 different pre-set technical faults to be activated selectively from a mobile control unit. While assisted by an instructor, the trainee performs hands-on interactive experimentation with the simulator, while being exposed to 'unexpected' Machine faults, which prompt for interpretation of error symptoms. Alternatively, the trainee can personally activate the simulated symptoms of different component failures, to enhance learning of the functional principles of the apparatus. The latter approach also allows a systematic presentation of defects to be identified by each step in a formal safety checklist for Anaesthetic Machines.

S Grimnes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine — better, cheaper and more user-friendly?
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • a simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine better cheaper and more user friendly
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • an evaluation of a time saving Anaesthetic Machine checkout procedure
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1994
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Although it is generally acknowledged that a pre-use checkout of the Anaesthetic Machine significantly improves patient safety, an evaluation of such procedures is uncommon. Previous studies have shown that Anaesthetic personnel using different check routines are unable to detect the majority of pre-set technical malfunctions. We have shown that it is possible to develop an effective and time-saving check procedure by integrating seven simple steps into one continuous flow procedure, where the settings and results of one step are used in the following step to optimize step interaction. The method is a 'core' procedure adapted to Machines sold after 1980 according to the current ISO standard (presently undergoing revision). A user inquiry demonstrated that this pre-use check has been easily adopted in departments of anaesthesia. Moreover, the inquiry showed that most departments would not accept a checkout procedure which required more than 5-6 min. A study on nurse anaesthetists performing this procedure in the operating suite showed an average checking time of approximately 3 min. A performance test was undertaken by activating four different malfunctions in an Anaesthetic Machine training simulator. Twelve of 17 nurse anaesthetists rapidly identified all faults, whereas five nurses missed one or two faults. Our study suggests that our check procedure (the seven point check) provides a time-saving method for effective pre-use control of the Anaesthetic Machine.

L Gramstad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine better cheaper and more user friendly
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • A simplified concept for controlling oxygen mixtures in the Anaesthetic Machine — better, cheaper and more user-friendly?
    Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1995
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Modern Anaesthetic Machines are equipped with several safety components to prevent delivery of hypoxic mixtures. However, such a technical development has increased the complexity of the equipment. We report a reconstructed Anaesthetic Machine in which a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer has provided the means to simplify the apparatus. The new Machine is devoid of several components conventionally included to prevent hypoxic mixtures: oxygen failure protection device, reservoir O2 alarm, N2O/air selector, and proportioning system for oxygen/nitrous oxide delivery. These devices have been replaced by a simple safety system using a paramagnetic oxygen analyzer at the common gas outlet, which in a feed-back system cuts off the supply of nitrous oxide whenever the oxygen concentration falls below 25%. The simplified construction of the Anaesthetic Machine has important consequences for safety, cost and user-friendliness. Reducing the complexity of the construction also simplifies the pre-use checkout procedure, and an efficient 5-point check list is presented for the new Machine.

  • an evaluation of a time saving Anaesthetic Machine checkout procedure
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1994
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, S Grimnes
    Abstract:

    : Although it is generally acknowledged that a pre-use checkout of the Anaesthetic Machine significantly improves patient safety, an evaluation of such procedures is uncommon. Previous studies have shown that Anaesthetic personnel using different check routines are unable to detect the majority of pre-set technical malfunctions. We have shown that it is possible to develop an effective and time-saving check procedure by integrating seven simple steps into one continuous flow procedure, where the settings and results of one step are used in the following step to optimize step interaction. The method is a 'core' procedure adapted to Machines sold after 1980 according to the current ISO standard (presently undergoing revision). A user inquiry demonstrated that this pre-use check has been easily adopted in departments of anaesthesia. Moreover, the inquiry showed that most departments would not accept a checkout procedure which required more than 5-6 min. A study on nurse anaesthetists performing this procedure in the operating suite showed an average checking time of approximately 3 min. A performance test was undertaken by activating four different malfunctions in an Anaesthetic Machine training simulator. Twelve of 17 nurse anaesthetists rapidly identified all faults, whereas five nurses missed one or two faults. Our study suggests that our check procedure (the seven point check) provides a time-saving method for effective pre-use control of the Anaesthetic Machine.

  • a training simulator for detecting equipment failure in the Anaesthetic Machine
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1993
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, O Jensen
    Abstract:

    : Simulation is often used for training personnel in activities where the consequences of inappropriate actions are serious. We report a realistic training simulator, which can reproduce practically all potential malfunctions in the Anaesthetic Machine. Using actual standard equipment (Dameca 10750), the interior of the Anaesthetic Machine has been profoundly modified, whereas the external appearance remains virtually unchanged. The concealed alterations allow 20 different pre-set technical faults to be activated selectively from a mobile control unit. While assisted by an instructor, the trainee performs hands-on interactive experimentation with the simulator, while being exposed to 'unexpected' Machine faults, which prompt for interpretation of error symptoms. Alternatively, the trainee can personally activate the simulated symptoms of different component failures, to enhance learning of the functional principles of the apparatus. The latter approach also allows a systematic presentation of defects to be identified by each step in a formal safety checklist for Anaesthetic Machines.

A Varvinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • APP A RA T US The Oxyvent An Anaesthetic Machine designed to be used in developing countries and difficult situations
    1997
    Co-Authors: R J Eltringham, A Varvinski
    Abstract:

    Summary The Oxyvent is an Anaesthetic Machine designed specifically for use in the developing world anddifficult situations. It is made up of four components, each of which has, in its own right, alreadyproved to be of great value in difficult situations. These are the drawover system, the PenlonManley Multivent Ventilator, the DeVilbiss Oxygen Concentrator and the air compressor. Thefour components are mounted on a simple trolley carrying two oxygen cylinders. The Oxyventcan be used to provide anaesthesia in the absence of electricity or oxygen or both. It is simple,robust and easily serviceable. It is versatile and can be used both as an Anaesthetic Machine in theoperating theatre and as a ventilator in an intensive care unit. Keywords Equipment ; anaesthesia Machine, drawover system, compressor, oxygen concentrator,ventilator. Correspondence to: Dr R. J. EltringhamAccepted: 6 February 1997 In many regions of the world Anaesthetics are administeredbyhealth workerswithlimitedtraining, unreliable suppliesand inadequate and poorly serviced equipment. Thedesign of an Anaesthetic Machine suitable for use inthese circumstances is therefore very different from oneintended for use in the UK, for example, where adequatefacilities are taken for granted. Such a Machine must berobust, easy to understand and operate, require minimalmaintenance and be readily serviceable using local skills. Itshould also be versatile so that it can be used whateverAnaesthetic agents and equipment are available at the timeand should be capableof functioning if either the supplyofcompressed gases or electricity are interrupted [1].It can readily be appreciated that the modern, sophis-ticated Machines currently used in most hospitals in thiscountry are totally unsuitable and why attempts to intro-duce them into developing countries have usually beenexpensive failures. When the first fault arises they aregenerally discarded and consigned to the graveyard ofAnaesthetic apparatus gathering dust in store roomsaround the world [1].This article describes the Oxyvent, an AnaestheticMachine which has been designed specifically for use indifficult situations. It fulfils all the above requirements andcan make a considerable contribution towards safer anaes-thesia in difficult environments. The Oxyvent is made upof four components each of which has, in its own right,already proved to be of great value in difficult situations.Theseare,theDrawoverSystem[1–4],thePenlonManleyMultivent Ventilator [5–8], the DeVilbiss Oxygen Con-centrator [9, 10] and the air compressor [1, 2].In the Oxyvent, the DeVilbiss Oxygen Concentratorhas been modified so that it can also function as acompressor and has been mounted together with theother two components on a simple metal trolley whichhas two shelves, an electrical socket and cradles for two600-l oxygen cylinders at the rear (Figs 1 and 2).

  • the oxyvent an Anaesthetic Machine designed to be used in developing countries and difficult situations
    Anaesthesia, 1997
    Co-Authors: R J Eltringham, A Varvinski
    Abstract:

    SummaryThe Oxyvent is an Anaesthetic Machine designed specifically for use in the developing world and difficult situations. It is made up of four components, each of which has, in its own right, already proved to be of great value in difficult situations. These are the drawover system, the Penlon M

  • The Oxyvent#An Anaesthetic Machine designed to be used in developing countries and difficult situations
    Anaesthesia, 1997
    Co-Authors: R J Eltringham, A Varvinski
    Abstract:

    SummaryThe Oxyvent is an Anaesthetic Machine designed specifically for use in the developing world and difficult situations. It is made up of four components, each of which has, in its own right, already proved to be of great value in difficult situations. These are the drawover system, the Penlon M

O Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a training simulator for detecting equipment failure in the Anaesthetic Machine
    European Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1993
    Co-Authors: J A Berge, L Gramstad, O Jensen
    Abstract:

    : Simulation is often used for training personnel in activities where the consequences of inappropriate actions are serious. We report a realistic training simulator, which can reproduce practically all potential malfunctions in the Anaesthetic Machine. Using actual standard equipment (Dameca 10750), the interior of the Anaesthetic Machine has been profoundly modified, whereas the external appearance remains virtually unchanged. The concealed alterations allow 20 different pre-set technical faults to be activated selectively from a mobile control unit. While assisted by an instructor, the trainee performs hands-on interactive experimentation with the simulator, while being exposed to 'unexpected' Machine faults, which prompt for interpretation of error symptoms. Alternatively, the trainee can personally activate the simulated symptoms of different component failures, to enhance learning of the functional principles of the apparatus. The latter approach also allows a systematic presentation of defects to be identified by each step in a formal safety checklist for Anaesthetic Machines.