The Experts below are selected from a list of 126 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Philip A Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • framing bovine tuberculosis a political ecology of health approach to circulation of knowledge s about Animal Disease Control
    The Geographical Journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Philip A Robinson
    Abstract:

    Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains a significant Animal health problem with a global distribution. In addition to the ecological complexities, socio-economic and socio-cultural factors also affect efforts to Control and eliminate the Disease. Interrogating bTB from the author's positionality of being both a veterinary epidemiologist and a human geographer, this interdisciplinary engagement in the political ecology of health investigates the experiences and opinions of the actors involved in Disease Control. The findings of this research in one part of the United Kingdom – Northern Ireland – demonstrate gaps between expert scientific discourse and circulating on-the-ground perceptions and lay knowledges of the Disease. bTB is therefore known and framed in multiple, often antithetical, ways by those who meet and experience the Disease on farms. The paper concludes that farmers, vets and state policy-makers must accept the heterogeneity of the Disease; make it visible again; and create new imaginaries for a future where bTB is no longer an everyday ubiquity.

Thomas F Randolph - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluating equity impacts of Animal Disease Control the case of foot and mouth Disease in zimbabwe
    Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 2005
    Co-Authors: Thomas F Randolph, Jamie A Morrison, Colin Poulton
    Abstract:

    As in other countries in southern Africa, foot and mouth Disease (FMD) is endemic in certain parts of Zimbabwe inhabited by African buffalo, which harbor the virus. Despite this, Zimbabwe has invested for many years in maintaining freedom from FMD over much of its territory, permitting it to take advantage of favorable tariff arrangements for export of boneless beef and other livestock products to high-value markets in Europe. To maintain freedom from FMD, a zonation system implemented with fencing and movement Controls has been used to protect a central export zone where much of the large-scale commercial farming is concentrated. Since 2001, Zimbabwe has suffered a series of FMD outbreaks, leading to a ban on the export of many livestock products, including beef. A high level of investment would now be required to re-establish FMD freedom and permit renewed export. Traditionally, assessing such investment in Animal Disease Control involves a straightforward application of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) to see if the investment is justified on efficiency grounds as contributing to economic growth (Dijkhuizen and Morris). Policy objectives in developing countries, however, increasingly feature poverty alleviation in addition to economic growth, as

  • can epidemiology and economics make a meaningful contribution to national Animal Disease Control
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2001
    Co-Authors: Brian D Perry, John J Mcdermott, Thomas F Randolph
    Abstract:

    Abstract The general role of veterinary epidemiology and economics to national Animal-Disease Control throughout the world is considered for the four main groupings of Animal Diseases: zoonotic, food-borne, endemic and epidemic Diseases. This is done by considering how veterinary epidemiology and economics has contributed to priority setting (which Diseases come first?), decision-making (for a given Disease, which strategy is best?), and Disease Control implementation (how can optimal delivery and adoption of selected interventions best be achieved?). Within each of these categories, progress made and future opportunities are discussed. In addition, a review is made of how veterinary epidemiology and economics has been institutionalised. We conclude that veterinary epidemiology and economics holds a unique role in the development of national policies and strategies for improved Animal health world-wide. However, we consider that we must capitalise more on the unique comparative advantage of the partnership between veterinarians and agricultural economists. We believe that much remains to be done to improve the “institutionalisation” of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and the adoption and impact of the products of our unique partnership, particularly in countries of the developing world.

P A Windsor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • are village Animal health workers able to assist in strengthening transboundary Animal Disease Control in cambodia
    Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: J Stratton, J R Young, Ja L M L Toribio, S Suon, Brendan D Cowled, P A Windsor
    Abstract:

    Summary A cross-sectional survey of 445 Village Animal Health Workers (VAHWs) from 19 provinces in Cambodia was undertaken. The aim was to establish their levels of training, farm visit frequency, reasons for visits and Disease reporting practices, enabling the strengths and weaknesses of the VAHW system in Cambodia to be determined, in providing both a fee-based smallholder livestock clinical service and a government partnership in transboundary Animal Disease (TAD) surveillance and Control. The study used ‘guided group interviews’ and identified that VAHWs had good contact with farmers with 61.5% making more than one farm visit daily. However, incomes from services remained low, with 45% VAHWs obtaining between 20 and 40% of their household income from VAHW activities. VAHWs recorded relatively high rates of Disease reporting, with 72% claiming they report Diseases immediately and 74% undertaking monthly reporting to veterinary authorities. Logistic regression analysis revealed VAHW contact frequency with district and/or provincial officers was associated with more VAHW farm visits, and frequency of VAHW visits to smallholder farms was positively associated with average monthly expenditure on Animal medication and equipment. This suggests that increased veterinary extension to VAHWs and access to veterinary equipment, vaccines and drugs may further increase VAHW-farmer engagement. VAHWs provide an accessible, market-based, Animal health ‘treatment and reporting’ service linked to livestock smallholders across Cambodia. However, for improved TAD prevention and more efficient Control of outbreaks, research that assesses provision of an Animal health ‘preventive-based’ business model is urgently needed to reduce both the costs to farmers and the risks to the economy due to foot-and-mouth Disease and other TADs in Cambodia.

  • improving trade in large ruminants and products by transboundary Animal Disease Control in lao pdr
    Annual International Conference on Advances in Veterinary Science Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: J R Young, S Nampanya, Syseng Khounsy, R D Bush, P A Windsor
    Abstract:

    Within the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) the nation of Lao PDR has a small population of ~6.3 million people and a relatively large population of large ruminants (cattle and buffalo) at ~2.7 million head. With the growing demand for red meat in South-East Asia driven by a rising middle class and the associated changes in dietary intake, Lao smallholder farmers have the opportunity to satisfy this demand provided key constraints are addressed. Recent research has highlighted a series of best practice interventions directed at the smallholder level to improve Animal health and production. Animal movement and trade have been identified as a major risk factor involved in transboundary Animal Disease (TAD) transmission including foot and mouth Disease. Hence, understanding the supply chain is important for effective TAD Control. The results of a survey of 32 large ruminant traders in northern Laos in 2011 were matched to a longitudinal production survey from 6 villages in northern Laos to develop a value chain analysis. The 32 traders provided details on 8,796 large ruminant trades, operating locations, large ruminant purchase prices, transport methods, major costs, livestock destinations and trader views on major constraints to development of the large ruminant market. The 2011 farm gate value of the national large ruminant herd was estimated as USD 835.8 million based on trader purchase price and village herd production data. As improvement of large ruminant production has been linked to reducing regional rural poverty and food insecurity in smallholder communities through opportunities for business development and rural employment, addressing both TADs and the underdeveloped market in the GMS is important. Whilst Control of TADs will need to remain a medium term priority, further research is needed to ensure that market development remains aligned with Disease Control efforts.

Brian D Perry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can epidemiology and economics make a meaningful contribution to national Animal Disease Control
    Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2001
    Co-Authors: Brian D Perry, John J Mcdermott, Thomas F Randolph
    Abstract:

    Abstract The general role of veterinary epidemiology and economics to national Animal-Disease Control throughout the world is considered for the four main groupings of Animal Diseases: zoonotic, food-borne, endemic and epidemic Diseases. This is done by considering how veterinary epidemiology and economics has contributed to priority setting (which Diseases come first?), decision-making (for a given Disease, which strategy is best?), and Disease Control implementation (how can optimal delivery and adoption of selected interventions best be achieved?). Within each of these categories, progress made and future opportunities are discussed. In addition, a review is made of how veterinary epidemiology and economics has been institutionalised. We conclude that veterinary epidemiology and economics holds a unique role in the development of national policies and strategies for improved Animal health world-wide. However, we consider that we must capitalise more on the unique comparative advantage of the partnership between veterinarians and agricultural economists. We believe that much remains to be done to improve the “institutionalisation” of veterinary epidemiology and economics, and the adoption and impact of the products of our unique partnership, particularly in countries of the developing world.

David A Hennessy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • biosecurity and Disease management in china s Animal agriculture sector
    Food Policy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Xinjie Wei, Wanlong Lin, David A Hennessy
    Abstract:

    Abstract China’s livestock production sector is changing rapidly to meet a variety of challenges. The country is pursuing a major public Animal health infrastructure upgrade and is seeking better integration with international public Animal health programs. The intent of this article is twofold. We provide an overview of and commentary on China’s Animal husbandry sector and Animal Disease Control policies. We also assess weaknesses in its Animal farm biosecurity infrastructure and institutional underpinnings. China’s Animal health administration shares institutional weaknesses in common with higher-income countries, but her problems are more pronounced. Administrative failings include poorly demarcated and inconsistent oversight as well as weak accountability. Heterogeneous professional standards in Animal health careers, emphasis on quantity goals over qualitative metrics, as well as a want in scientific analysis and follow-through when prioritizing are other shortcomings. Spillovers from the general economy as well as government policies on Animal health career professionalization and organization of Animal sector production have been, on the whole, positive developments. While Animal production is changing in ways that may pose intermediate-term threats to Animal and human health, the longer-term outcome is likely to be a production base that poses fewer concerns for global health.

  • biosecurity and Disease management in china s Animal agriculture sector
    2013
    Co-Authors: Xinjie Wei, Wanlong Lin, David A Hennessy
    Abstract:

    China's livestock production sector is changing rapidly to meet a variety of challenges. At the same time, China's domestic consumers have begun to demand better quality and safer dietary protein sources; potential for international food market penetration has been compromised by food scandals; and her Animal agriculture sector remains a concern for emergence of zoonotic Diseases. The country is in the process of a major public Animal health infrastructure upgrade, and is seeking better integration with international public Animal health governance structures. The intent of this article is two-fold. We provide an overview of and commentary on China's Animal husbandry sector and Animal Disease Control policies. We also assess weaknesses in its Animal health and biosecurity infrastructure. China's Animal health administration countenances institutional weaknesses that are shared with higher-income countries, but her problems are more pronounced. Administrative failings include poorly demarcated and inconsistent oversight as well as failings in accountability. The need for professionalization of Animal health careers, emphasis on quantity goals over qualitative metrics, as well as a want in scientific analysis and follow-through when prioritizing are other weaknesses. Government policy has been to promote larger-scale production, primarily to better secure wholesome food domestically. Production is changing in ways that may pose intermediate-term threats to Animal and human health, but the longer-term outcome may be a production base that poses fewer concerns for global health.

  • biosecurity and spread of an infectious Animal Disease
    American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2007
    Co-Authors: David A Hennessy
    Abstract:

    Diminishing infectious Animal Disease prevalence amounts to a global public good. This has in part motivated the long tradition of public involvement in infectious Animal Disease Control. But appropriately designed public intervention requires a clear understanding of failure in private incentives. Two important features of communicable Disease are spatial spread and the possibility of costly private actions to reduce spread. In addition, since routine biosecurity actions by growers are typically costly to verify by veterinary authorities, voluntary compliance is often essential. To this end, growers must recognize the consequences of their actions and must have adequate incentives to take socially desirable actions. The intent of this article is to