The Experts below are selected from a list of 276810 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Katharina D C Stark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk based methods for fish and terrestrial Animal Disease surveillance
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Birgit Oidtmann, E J Peeler, Trude Marie Lyngstad, Edgar Brun, Britt Bang Jensen, Katharina D C StarkAbstract:Over recent years there have been considerable methodological developments in the field of Animal Disease surveillance. The principles of risk analysis were conceptually applied to surveillance in order to further develop approaches and tools (scenario tree modelling) to design risk-based surveillance (RBS) programmes. In the terrestrial Animal context, examples of risk-based surveillance have demonstrated the substantial potential for cost saving, and a similar benefit is expected also for aquatic Animals. RBS approaches are currently largely absent for aquatic Animal Diseases. A major constraint in developing RBS designs in the aquatic context is the lack of published data to assist in the design of RBS: this applies to data on (i) the relative risk of farm sites becoming infected due to the presence or absence of a given risk factor; (ii) the sensitivity of diagnostic tests (specificity is often addressed by follow-up investigation and re-testing and therefore less of a concern); (iii) data on the variability of prevalence of infection for fish within a holding unit, between holding units and at farm level. Another constraint is that some of the most basic data for planning surveillance are missing, e.g. data on farm location and Animal movements. In Europe, registration or authorisation of fish farms has only recently become a requirement under EU Directive 2006/88. Additionally, the definition of the epidemiological unit (at site or area level) in the context of aquaculture is a challenge due to the often high level of connectedness (mainly via water) of aquaculture facilities with the aquatic environment. This paper provides a review of the principles, methods and examples of RBS in terrestrial, farmed and wild Animals. It discusses the special challenges associated with surveillance for aquatic Animal Diseases (e.g. accessibility of Animals for inspection and sampling, complexity of rearing systems) and provides an overview of current developments relevant for the design of RBS for fish Diseases. Suggestions are provided on how the current constraints to applying RBS to fish Diseases can be overcome.
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import risk analysis in Animal Disease control
Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 2004Co-Authors: Ruth Hauser, Eric Breidenbach, Barbara Thur, C Griot, Monika Engels, Katharina D C StarkAbstract:At the Swiss Federal Veterinary Office risk analyses are conducted according to international standards. A risk analysis contains the elements risk management, risk assessment and risk communication. A risk assessment is based on risk profile, hazard identification and a pathway model. All available information is gathered, documented and assessed and the risk estimated. The question. "What is the probability that unprocessed wild boar meat imported to Switzerland from the federal state Mecklenburg Western Pommerania is contaminated with classical swine fever virus?" was answered by a release assessment. The hazard identification recognized classical swine fever virus and attenuated live virus vaccine used for oral immunization as hazards. The probability of contamination was estimated to be small. The question: "What is the likelihood to introduce Aujeszky's Disease to Switzerland and infect the indigenous pig population with the Disease, by means of importing pork and meat products?" was answered by assessing the release, exposure and resulting consequences. The risk of an infection of the indigenous pig population was estimated to be very small, as 80% of the imported products derive from countries or zones free from Aujeszky's Disease. Furthermore the majority of the imported products are processed. The strict implementation of the regulations governing feeding of food wastes to pigs reduces the probability of exposure. In all assessments the risk management decides on a strategy to deal with the risk, taking into consideration the results and recommendations derived from the risk assessment as well as other relevant factors.
Samuel M Thumbi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mobile phone based surveillance for Animal Disease in rural communities implications for detection of zoonoses spillover
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2019Co-Authors: Samuel M Thumbi, Kariuki M Njenga, Elkanah Otiang, Linus Otieno, Peninah Munyua, Sarah Eichler, Marcalain Widdowson, Terry F McelwainAbstract:Improving the speed of outbreak detection and reporting at the community level are critical in managing the threat of emerging infectious Diseases, many of which are zoonotic. The widespread use of mobile phones, including in rural areas, constitutes a potentially effective tool for real-time surveillance of infectious Diseases. Using longitudinal data from a Disease surveillance system implemented in 1500 households in rural Kenya, we test the effectiveness of mobile phone Animal syndromic surveillance by comparing it with routine household Animal health surveys, determine the individual and household correlates of its use and examine the broader implications for surveillance of zoonotic Diseases. A total of 20 340 Animal and death events were reported from the community through the two surveillance systems, half of which were confirmed as valid Disease events. The probability of an event being valid was 2.1 times greater for the phone-based system, compared with the household visits. Illness events were 15 times (95% CI 12.8, 17.1) more likely to be reported through the phone system compared to routine household visits, but not death events (OR 0.1 (95% CI 0.09, 0.11)). Disease syndromes with severe presentations were more likely to be reported through the phone system. While controlling for herd and flock sizes owned, phone ownership was not a determinant of using the phone-based surveillance system, but the lack of a formal education, and having additional sources of income besides farming were associated with decreased likelihood of reporting through the phone system. Our study suggests that a phone-based surveillance system will be effective at detecting outbreaks of Diseases such as Rift Valley fever that present with severe clinical signs in Animal populations, but in the absence of additional reporting incentives, it may miss early outbreaks of Diseases such as avian influenza that present primarily with mortality. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.
Roche Mathieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Information retrieval for Animal Disease surveillance: a pattern-based approach
'Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)', 2020Co-Authors: Valentin Sarah, Lancelot Renaud, Roche MathieuAbstract:Animal Diseases-related news articles are rich in information useful for risk assessment. In this paper, we explore a method to automatically retrieve sentence-level epidemiological information. Our method is an incremental approach to create and expand patterns at both lexical and syntactic levels. Expert knowledge input are used at different steps of the approach. Distributed vector representations (word embedding) were used to expand the patterns at the lexical level, thus alleviating manual curation. We showed that expert validation was crucial to improve the precision of automatically generated patterns
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Towards an emerging Animal Disease surveillance system based on textual media analysis
'CIRAD (Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Developpement)', 2018Co-Authors: Valentin Sarah, Lancelot Renaud, Roche MathieuAbstract:The monitoring of Animal health worldwide, especially the early detection of emerging outbreaks, is one of the means of preventing and anticipating the introduction of infectious Diseases into a territory. Animal Disease surveillance is traditionally based on official data produced by international health authorities like the World Organization for Animal Health. As outbreak notification can be responsible for economic and commercial restrictions, the data quality can be impacted regarding sensitivity and timeliness. On the contrary, unofficial sources such as news reports are immediately available and can timely detect new outbreaks. In order to complete the official data, a platform dedicated to automatic surveillance of electronic media, PADI-web (" Platform for Automated extraction of Animal Disease Information from the web "), was created. This tool detects, classifies and extracts information from reports, without any human intervention, regarding five Animal Diseases of interest: African swine fever, avian influenza, foot-and-mouth Disease, Schmallenberg virus and bluetongue. The tool first collects news reports thanks to specific RSS feeds. Then, irrelevant news reports are removed during the classification step. Eventually, an information extraction module allows extracting epidemiological indicators from the text. It relies on text mining methods combining a rule-based approach and an SVM classification. In this Ph.D. project, we will address several challenges: 1. Improving the identification of the information: for instance, dealing with geographical ambiguities 2. Finding what types of indicators we should use to detect Animal health events 3. Identifying methods to combine multi-source data (official vs unofficial) and indicators, to produce relevant knowledge for the monitoring
Kenton L. Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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People matter in Animal Disease surveillance: Challenges and opportunities for the aquaculture sector
Aquaculture, 2017Co-Authors: Cecile Brugere, Dennis Mark Onuigbo, Kenton L. MorganAbstract:Abstract Recurring epidemics and the emergence of new aquatic Diseases are increasingly threatening the growth of aquaculture. The fast pace of aquaculture development and on-going global environmental, social and economic change are challenging epidemiologists in their capacity to surveil and control the spread of Diseases and avert losses to farmers and impacts on their livelihoods and environment. By placing farmers as the starting point of Disease surveillance, we contend that farmer-based syndromic Disease surveillance holds potential to overcome the current limitations of conventional Disease surveillance, and demonstrate its relevance for aquaculture, particularly in resource constrained environments. Drawing on the literature on aquaculture, epidemiology, farmers' decision-making, technology adoption in Animal health management and participation in Animal Disease surveillance, we highlight the complex interplay of behavioural (economic and social) factors behind farmers' reporting of Disease. To this we add insights from institutional economics to analyse the constraints and dilemmas Disease surveillance poses to institutions. Whilst information technologies are playing a significant supporting role in Disease surveillance, our central argument is that if data collection for epidemiological monitoring is about technology, surveillance itself is about people. Stakeholder involvement and perception of surveillance benefits, value of epidemiological data collected, farmers' knowledge, motivation and trust and institutions' functioning are key considerations in the design of successful syndromic Disease surveillance programmes. These human dimensions constitute important knowledge gaps in Animal Disease surveillance in general, and in particular in aquaculture. Interdisciplinary collaboration in Disease surveillance is essential. It is crucial in an environment where Diseases are emerging and spreading in increasingly complex, interconnected and dynamic social-ecological systems and is the key to unlocking the numerous benefits of farmer-based syndromic aquatic Disease surveillance.
Terry F Mcelwain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mobile phone based surveillance for Animal Disease in rural communities implications for detection of zoonoses spillover
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2019Co-Authors: Samuel M Thumbi, Kariuki M Njenga, Elkanah Otiang, Linus Otieno, Peninah Munyua, Sarah Eichler, Marcalain Widdowson, Terry F McelwainAbstract:Improving the speed of outbreak detection and reporting at the community level are critical in managing the threat of emerging infectious Diseases, many of which are zoonotic. The widespread use of mobile phones, including in rural areas, constitutes a potentially effective tool for real-time surveillance of infectious Diseases. Using longitudinal data from a Disease surveillance system implemented in 1500 households in rural Kenya, we test the effectiveness of mobile phone Animal syndromic surveillance by comparing it with routine household Animal health surveys, determine the individual and household correlates of its use and examine the broader implications for surveillance of zoonotic Diseases. A total of 20 340 Animal and death events were reported from the community through the two surveillance systems, half of which were confirmed as valid Disease events. The probability of an event being valid was 2.1 times greater for the phone-based system, compared with the household visits. Illness events were 15 times (95% CI 12.8, 17.1) more likely to be reported through the phone system compared to routine household visits, but not death events (OR 0.1 (95% CI 0.09, 0.11)). Disease syndromes with severe presentations were more likely to be reported through the phone system. While controlling for herd and flock sizes owned, phone ownership was not a determinant of using the phone-based surveillance system, but the lack of a formal education, and having additional sources of income besides farming were associated with decreased likelihood of reporting through the phone system. Our study suggests that a phone-based surveillance system will be effective at detecting outbreaks of Diseases such as Rift Valley fever that present with severe clinical signs in Animal populations, but in the absence of additional reporting incentives, it may miss early outbreaks of Diseases such as avian influenza that present primarily with mortality. This article is part of the theme issue 'Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover'.