The Experts below are selected from a list of 573 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sta Phane Bouchard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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moving from virtual reality exposure based therapy to augmented reality exposure based therapy a review
2014Co-Authors: Oliver Baus, Sta Phane BouchardAbstract:This paper reviews the move from virtual reality exposure-based therapy (VRET) to augmented reality exposure-based therapy (ARET). Unlike virtual reality (VR), which entails a complete virtual environment (VE), augmented reality (AR) limits itself to producing certain virtual elements to then merge them into the view of the physical world. Although the general public may only have become aware of AR in the last few years, AR type applications have been around since beginning of the 20th century. Since, then, technological developments have enabled an ever increasing level of seamless integration of virtual and physical elements into one view. Like VR, AR allows the exposure to stimuli which, due to various reasons, may not be suitable for real-life scenarios. As such, AR has proven itself to be a medium through which individuals suffering from specific Phobia can be exposed “safely” to the object(s) of their fear, without the costs associated with programming complete virtual environments. Thus, ARET can offer an efficacious alternative to some less advantageous exposure-based therapies. Above and beyond presenting what has been accomplished in ARET, this paper also raises some ARET related issues, and proposes potential avenues to be followed. These include the definition of an AR related term, the type of measures to be used to qualify the user’s experience in an augmented reality environment (ARE), the development of alternative geospatial referencing systems, as well as the potential use of ARET to treat social Phobia. Overall, it may be said that the use of ARET, although promising, is still in its infancy but that, given a continued cooperation between clinical and technical teams, ARET has the potential of going well beyond the treatment of small Animal Phobia.
Soledad Quero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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virtual reality augmented reality and in vivo exposure therapy a preliminary comparison of treatment efficacy in small Animal Phobia
2019Co-Authors: Carlos Susoribera, Soledad Quero, Rosa M. Baños, Javier Fernandezalvarez, Azucena Garciapalacios, Hunter G Hoffman, Juani BretonlopezAbstract:Abstract This study aggregated data from three randomized control trials to explore the differential efficacy of three forms of exposure therapy, namely, in vivo (iVET), virtual reality (VRET), and...
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In Vivo versus Augmented Reality Exposure in the Treatment of Small Animal Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2016Co-Authors: Cristina Botella, Juana Maria Bretón López, Soledad Quero, Azucena García-palacios, M. Ángeles Pérez-ara, Rosa M. BañosAbstract:Although in vivo exposure is the treatment of choice for specific Phobias, some acceptability problems have been associated with it. Virtual Reality exposure has been shown to be as effective as in vivo exposure, and it is widely accepted for the treatment of specific Phobias, but only preliminary data are available in the literature about the efficacy of Augmented Reality. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and acceptance of two treatment conditions for specific Phobias in which the exposure component was applied in different ways: In vivo exposure (N = 31) versus an Augmented Reality system (N = 32) in a randomized controlled trial. "One-session treatment" guidelines were followed. Participants in the Augmented Reality condition significantly improved on all the outcome measures at post-treatment and follow-ups. When the two treatment conditions were compared, some differences were found at post-treatment, favoring the participants who received in vivo exposure. However, these differences disappeared at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Regarding participants' expectations and satisfaction with the treatment, very positive ratings were reported in both conditions. In addition, participants from in vivo exposure condition considered the treatment more useful for their problem whereas participants from Augmented Reality exposure considered the treatment less aversive. Results obtained in this study indicate that Augmented Reality exposure is an effective treatment for specific Phobias and well accepted by the participants.
Kenneth S Kendler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low extraversion and high neuroticism as indices of genetic and environmental risk for social Phobia agoraPhobia and Animal Phobia
2007Co-Authors: Joseph O Bienvenu, John M Hettema, Michael C Neale, Carol A Prescott, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:Objective: The authors examined the extent to which two major personality dimensions (extraversion and neuroticism) index the genetic and environmental risk for three Phobias (social Phobia, agoraPhobia, and Animal Phobia) in twins ascertained from a large, population-based registry. Method: Lifetime Phobias and personality traits were assessed through diagnostic interview and self-report questionnaire, respectively, in 7,800 twins from female-female, male-male, and opposite-sex pairs. Sex-limited trivariate Cholesky structural equation models were used to decompose the correlations among extraversion, neuroticism, and each Phobia. Results: In the best-fitting models, genetic correlations were moderate and negative between extraversion and both social Phobia and agoraPhobia, and that between extraversion and Animal Phobia was effectively zero. Genetic correlations were high and positive between neuroticism and both social Phobia and agoraPhobia, and that between neuroticism and Animal Phobia was moderate....
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a population based twin study of the relationship between neuroticism and internalizing disorders
2006Co-Authors: John M Hettema, Michael C Neale, Carol A Prescott, John Myers, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:Objective: The anxiety and depressive disorders exhibit high levels of lifetime comorbidity with one another. The authors examined how genetic and environmental factors shared by the personality trait neuroticism and seven internalizing disorders may help explain this comorbidity. Method: Lifetime major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraPhobia, social Phobia, Animal Phobia, situational Phobia, and neuroticism were assessed in over 9,000 twins from male-male, female-female, and oppositesex pairs through structured diagnostic interviews. Multivariate structural equation models were used to decompose the correlations between these phenotypes into genetic and environmental components, allowing for sex-specific factors. Results: Genetic factors shared with neuroticism accounted for between one-third and one-half of the genetic risk across the internalizing disorders. When nonsignificant gender differences were removed from the models, the genetic correlations between neuroticism and each disorder were high, while individual-specific environmental correlations were substantially lower. In addition, the authors could identify a neuroticism-independent genetic factor that significantly increased risk for major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Conclusions: There is substantial, but not complete, overlap between the genetic factors that influence individual variation in neuroticism and those that increase liability across the internalizing disorders, helping to explain the high rates of comorbidity among the latter. This may have important implications for identifying the susceptibility genes for these conditions.
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the structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for anxiety disorders in men and women
2005Co-Authors: John M Hettema, Michael C Neale, Carol A Prescott, John Myers, Kenneth S KendlerAbstract:Background The anxiety disorders exhibit high levels of lifetime comorbidity with one another. Understanding the underlying causes of this comorbidity can provide insight into the etiology of the disorders and inform classification and treatment. Objective To explain anxiety disorder comorbidity by examining the structure of the underlying genetic and environmental risk factors. Design Lifetime diagnoses for 6 anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraPhobia, social Phobia, Animal Phobia, and situational Phobia) were obtained during personal interviews from a population-based twin registry. Multivariate structural equation modeling that allowed for sex differences was performed. Setting General community sample. Participants More than 5000 members of male-male and female-female twin pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Main Outcome Measures Parameter estimates for best-fitting model. Results The full model, which contained 2 common genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental factors plus disorder-specific factors, could be constrained to equality across male and female study participants. In the best-fitting model, the genetic influences on anxiety were best explained by 2 additive genetic factors common across the disorders. The first loaded most strongly in generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraPhobia, whereas the second loaded primarily in the 2 specific Phobias. Social Phobia was intermediate in that it was influenced by both genetic factors. A small role for shared environmental influences was observed owing to a single common factor that accounted for less than 12% of the total variance for any disorder. Unique environmental influences could be explained by a single common factor plus disorder-specific effects. Conclusions The underlying structure of the genetic and environmental risk factors for the anxiety disorders is similar between men and women. Genes predispose to 2 broad groups of disorders dichotomized as panic-generalized-agoraphobic anxiety vs the specific Phobias. The remaining associations between the disorders are largely explained by a unique environmental factor shared across the disorders and, to a lesser extent, a common shared environmental factor.
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the genetic epidemiology of Phobias in women the interrelationship of agoraPhobia social Phobia situational Phobia and simple Phobia
1992Co-Authors: Kenneth S Kendler, Michael C Neale, Ronald C Kessler, Andrew C Heath, Lindon J EavesAbstract:• In 2163 personally interviewed female twins from a population-based registry, the pattern of age at onset and comorbidity of the simple Phobias (Animal and situational) — early onset and low rates of comorbidity—differed significantly from that of agoraPhobia—later onset and high rates of comorbidity. Consistent with an inherited "Phobia proneness" but not a "social learning" model of Phobias, the familial aggregation of any Phobia, agoraPhobia, social Phobia, and Animal Phobia appeared to result from genetic and not from familial-environmental factors, with estimates of heritability of liability ranging from 30% to 40%. The bestfitting multivariate genetic model indicated the existence of genetic and individual-specific environmental etiologic factors common to all four Phobia subtypes and others specific for each of the individual subtypes. This model suggested that (1) environmental experiences that predisposed to all Phobias were most important for agoraPhobia and social Phobia and relatively unimportant for the simple Phobias, (2) environmental experiences that uniquely predisposed to only one Phobia subtype had a major impact on simple Phobias, had a modest impact on social Phobia, and were unimportant for agoraPhobia, and (3) genetic factors that predisposed to all Phobias were most important for Animal Phobia and least important for agoraPhobia. Simple Phobias appear to arise from the joint effect of a modest genetic vulnerability and Phobia-specific traumatic events in childhood, while agoraPhobia and, to a somewhat lesser extent, social Phobia result from the combined effect of a slightly stronger genetic influence and nonspecific environmental experiences.
Rosa M. Baños - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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virtual reality augmented reality and in vivo exposure therapy a preliminary comparison of treatment efficacy in small Animal Phobia
2019Co-Authors: Carlos Susoribera, Soledad Quero, Rosa M. Baños, Javier Fernandezalvarez, Azucena Garciapalacios, Hunter G Hoffman, Juani BretonlopezAbstract:Abstract This study aggregated data from three randomized control trials to explore the differential efficacy of three forms of exposure therapy, namely, in vivo (iVET), virtual reality (VRET), and...
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In Vivo versus Augmented Reality Exposure in the Treatment of Small Animal Phobia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2016Co-Authors: Cristina Botella, Juana Maria Bretón López, Soledad Quero, Azucena García-palacios, M. Ángeles Pérez-ara, Rosa M. BañosAbstract:Although in vivo exposure is the treatment of choice for specific Phobias, some acceptability problems have been associated with it. Virtual Reality exposure has been shown to be as effective as in vivo exposure, and it is widely accepted for the treatment of specific Phobias, but only preliminary data are available in the literature about the efficacy of Augmented Reality. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy and acceptance of two treatment conditions for specific Phobias in which the exposure component was applied in different ways: In vivo exposure (N = 31) versus an Augmented Reality system (N = 32) in a randomized controlled trial. "One-session treatment" guidelines were followed. Participants in the Augmented Reality condition significantly improved on all the outcome measures at post-treatment and follow-ups. When the two treatment conditions were compared, some differences were found at post-treatment, favoring the participants who received in vivo exposure. However, these differences disappeared at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Regarding participants' expectations and satisfaction with the treatment, very positive ratings were reported in both conditions. In addition, participants from in vivo exposure condition considered the treatment more useful for their problem whereas participants from Augmented Reality exposure considered the treatment less aversive. Results obtained in this study indicate that Augmented Reality exposure is an effective treatment for specific Phobias and well accepted by the participants.
WRZESIEN Maja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Treating small Animal Phobias using a projective-augmented reality system: A single-case study
2015Co-Authors: WRZESIEN Maja, BOTELLA Cristina, Burkhardt Jean-Marie, ALCANIZ Mariano, Bretón Juana, Río González, Eva Del, Pérez Ara, María ÁngelesAbstract:In vivo exposure is the evidence based treatment for small Animal Phobias. However, this type of treatment still present a low treatment seek rate and a high drop-out rate, due to its aversive character for the patients. New technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have started to show their potential in anxiety disorders, including small Animal Phobia treatment and have demonstrated their efficacy. However, these systems still present limitations regarding the possibility to offer an optimal therapy to the Phobia sufferers. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy of new AR exposure therapy – a projection-based system (P-ARET) for small Animal Phobias in the short (post-treatment), and long term (3- and 12-month follow-up). Four patients diagnosed with cockroach Phobia participated in this pilot treatment study. The results show that all patients improved significantly in main outcome measures after the treatment. The study also follows a strategy of benchmarking, in which the results obtained from the evaluation of the P-ARET system in clinical setting are compared with two other clinically validated Phobia therapies (traditional, in vivo exposure therapy (IVET); virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET); and AR exposure therapy with the use of a head-mounted display (HMD-ARET). The results indicate that the clinical effectiveness of new projection-based AR system for small Animal Phobia treatment was comparable to those achieved by the therapeutic conditions in other studies. However, the P-ARET system brings some advantages in terms of patient-therapist communication and more natural interaction with the system.We would like to express a special gratitude to the therapists that participated in the therapeutic sessions. We want also to thank the patients for their participation. This study was funded by the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Spain, the Game Teen (TIN2010-20187) project, and partially funded by the Consolider-C project (SEJ2006-14301/PSIC), CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition project (an initiative of ISCIII), and the Excellence Research Program PROMETEO (GeneralitatValenciana. Conselleria de Educación, 2008-157)
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How Technology Influences the Therapeutic Process: Evaluation of the Patient-Therapist Relationship in Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy and In Vivo Exposure Therapy
2014Co-Authors: WRZESIEN Maja, BRETON LOPEZ Juana, BOTELLA Cristina, Burkhardt Jean-Marie, PEREZ ARA María Ángeles, ALCANIZ Mariano, RIERA DEL AMO AntonioAbstract:Background: New technologies have slowly become a part of psychologists’ therapeutic office. However, many therapists still have doubts about the possibility of creating a good therapeutic relationship with patients in the presence of technology. Aims: This study evaluates the development of the therapeutic alliance in individuals with small Animal Phobia disorder who were treated with Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy or In Vivo Exposure Therapy. Method: Twenty-two participants received an intensive session of cognitive behavioural therapy in either a technology-mediated therapeutic context or in a traditional therapeutic context. Results: The results show no significant difference for the therapeutic alliance between two conditions. Conclusions: The results seem to show that technologies such as Augmented Reality do not represent a danger to negatively influence the therapeutic alliance.
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A pilot Evaluation of a Therapeutic Game Applied to Small Animal Phobia Treatment
2014Co-Authors: WRZESIEN Maja, BRETON LOPEZ Juana, BOTELLA Cristina, Burkhardt Jean-Marie, Alcañiz Raya, Mariano Luis, Rodríguez Ortega AlejandroAbstract:[EN] This study presents Catch Me game, a therapeutic game for teaching patients how to confront to their feared Animals during spider and cockroach Phobia treatment, and evaluates whether inclusion of gaming elements into therapeutic protocol does have an added value for the treatment. The Catch Me game was designed in order to help patients learn about their feared Animals and to learn how to apply adapted confrontation strategies and techniques with the lowest possible anxiety level. In this study, Catch Me game was evaluated in terms of knowledge acquisition, anxiety level, self-efficacy belief acquisition, and appeal to both participants and therapists. Data collection consisted of quantitative measures on a sample of 14 non-clinical population. The results showed that the game significantly improved knowledge and self-efficacy belief regarding the feared Animal, and significantly decreased the anxiety level of participants. Moreover, both participants and the therapists were highly satisfied with the game. Guardar / Salir Siguiente >We would like to thank all of the participants for their involvment in the experiment. We would also like to express special gratitude to the therapists (Maria Angeles Pérez Ara; Antonio Riera López del Amo; and Ernestina Etchemendy) for their help in the study. This study was funded by Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia Spain, Project Game Teen (TIN2010-20187). It was also partially founded by the Consolider-C (SEJ2006-14301/PSIC), “CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, an initiative of ISCIII” project; and the Excellence Research Program PROMETEO project (Generalitat Valenciana. Conselleria de Educación, 2008-157)Wrzesien, M.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Botella, C.; Burkhardt, J.; Breton López, J.; Rodriguez Ortega, A. (2014). A pilot Evaluation of a Therapeutic Game Applied to Small Animal Phobia Treatment. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 8778:10-20. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11623-5_2S1020877
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How Technology Influences the Therapeutic Process: Evaluation of the Patient-Therapist Relationship in Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy and In Vivo Exposure Therapy
2013Co-Authors: WRZESIEN Maja, BRETON LOPEZ Juana, BOTELLA Cristina, Burkhardt Jean-Marie, Alcañiz Raya, Mariano Luis, Pérez Ara, María Ángeles, Riera Del Amo, AntonioAbstract:New technologies have slowly become a part of psychologists’ therapeutic office. However, many therapists still have doubts about the possibility of creating a good therapeutic relationship with patients in the presence of technology. Aims: This study evaluates the development of the therapeutic alliance in individuals with small Animal Phobia disorder who were treated with Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy or In Vivo Exposure Therapy. Method: Twenty-two participants received an intensive session of cognitive behavioural therapy in either a technology-mediated therapeutic context or in a traditional therapeutic context. Results: The results show no significant difference for the therapeutic alliance between two conditions. Conclusions: The results seem to show that technologies such as Augmented Reality do not represent a danger to negatively influence the therapeutic allianceWrzesien, M.; Bretón-López, J.; Botella, C.; Burkhardt, J.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Pérez-Ara, MÁ.; Riera Del Amo, A. (2013). How Technology Influences the Therapeutic Process: Evaluation of the Patient-Therapist Relationship in Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy and In Vivo Exposure Therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy. 41(4):505-509. doi:10.1017/S1352465813000088S50550941