The Experts below are selected from a list of 18939 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Uno Wennergren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jon Olaf Olaussen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • On the tragedy of the commons: When predation and livestock loss may improve the economic lot of herders
    Ambio, 2017
    Co-Authors: Anders Skonhoft, Anne Borge Johannesen, Jon Olaf Olaussen
    Abstract:

    This paper studies the practice of semi-domestic reindeer ( Rangifer t. tarandus ) herding in Finnmark county in northern Norway. In this area, the Saami reindeer herders compete for space and grazing areas and keep large herds, while at the same time, the reindeer population is heavily exposed to carnivore predation by the lynx ( Lynx lynx ), the wolverine ( Gulo gulo ), and the golden eagle ( Aquila chrysaetos ). It is demonstrated that predation actually may improve the economic lot of livestock holders in this unmanaged local common setting. There are ecological as well as economic reasons as to why this happens. The ecological reason is that predation compensates for natural mortality; that is, increased predation reduces natural mortality, indicating that the net loss due to predation actually may be quite small. When predation reduces livestock density, the feeding conditions of the Animals will improve, resulting in increased livestock weight and higher per Animal Slaughter value. At the same time, a smaller stock reduces the operating costs of the herders.

Jeffrey B. Welty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Humane Slaughter Laws
    Law and contemporary problems, 2007
    Co-Authors: Jeffrey B. Welty
    Abstract:

    Much recent scholarship has focused on the conditions under which farm Animals are raised.1 This article examines not how such Animals are kept, but how they are killed and how such killing is regulated by law. Animal Slaughter is a significant issue, in part because of the numbers involved: in the United States, over nine billion chickens are killed each year for food, along with more than a hundred million pigs, and tens of millions of cattle.2 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the global figures for 2005 were 48 billion chickens, 1.3 billion pigs, and 301 million cattle.3 Still, it is not because of the numbers alone that the Slaughtering process is important. The potential for Animals to suffer stress, pain, and fear during Slaughter is unusually high. It is a critical stage in the life cycle of a farm Animal and therefore calls for the highest levels of care and compassion. This article has three purposes. First, it provides an introduction to the Slaughter process and to its regulation, principally in the United States, but with occasional discussion of international practices and laws. Second, it collects a considerable amount of data and legal authority regarding Animal Slaughter in a single location and so may be a platform for further scholarship. And third, it contains specific suggestions for reforms that will help the United States move closer to a system of humane Slaughter for farm Animals.

Mary G Reynolds - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • erythema multiforme after orf virus infection a report of two cases and literature review
    Epidemiology and Infection, 2015
    Co-Authors: R H Joseph, F A Haddad, A L Matthews, A Maroufi, B Monroe, Mary G Reynolds
    Abstract:

    Orf virus has a worldwide distribution among sheep and goats. The hypersensitivity reaction erythema multiforme (EM) is a known complication of orf infection in humans; however, its occurrence is poorly understood and has not been extensively reviewed. We present two unrelated cases of orf-associated EM, and a review of the literature, highlighting important clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects of this condition. Orf and its associated complications can occur in rural areas, as well as urban settings, where it is less well-known, through religious or cultural practices involving Animal Slaughter. Obtaining a history of Animal exposures from patients with lesions suspicious for orf and secondary skin eruptions can guide diagnosis and identification of the inciting immune stimulus. Determining the pathophysiology and relative contribution of host and viral factors contributing to EM and other orf-associated hypersensitivity reactions could facilitate the identification of risk factors and inform treatment decisions.

Peter Sandoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Animal ethics dilemma an interactive learning tool for university and professional training
    Animal Welfare, 2007
    Co-Authors: A Hanlon, A Algers, T Dich, Tina V A Hansen, H Loor, Peter Sandoe
    Abstract:

    'Animal Ethics Dilemma' is a freely available computer-supported learning tool (www.Animalethicsdilemma.net or www.aedilemma.net) which has been developed primarily for veterinary undergraduates but is applicable also to students in other fields of Animal science. The objectives of the computer program are to promote students' understanding of the ethics related to Animal use, to illustrate ethical dilemmas that arise in Animal use, to broaden students' moral imagination, and to enable students to differentiate between types of ethical argument. The program comprises five case studies: (1) the blind hens; (2) ANDi the genetically modified monkey; (3) euthanasia of a healthy dog; (4) Animal Slaughter; and (5) rehabilitation of seals. Special consideration has been given to enhancing the pedagogic value of the program. Students can control their learning by selecting a variety of ways to explore the program; for example, they can navigate the program using the 'Assist Me' option, which explains the basis of the ethical arguments. Reality text provides details of real events on which the case is based, and a glossary of terminology is available for the students to explore. Selected access to a case template is also available, enabling students and teachers to create their own case studies. Evaluation of the program has been ongoing during its development.