The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Rajesh Agarwal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anticarcinogenic effect of a flavonoid antioxidant, silymarin, in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB 468: induction of G1 arrest through an increase in Cip1/p21 concomitant with a decrease in kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and associated c
    Clinical Cancer Research, 1998
    Co-Authors: Xiaolin Zi, Denise K Feyes, Rajesh Agarwal
    Abstract:

    There is an increasing interest in identifying potent cancer preventive and therapeutic agents against breast cancer. Silymarin, a flavonoid antioxidant isolated from milk thistle, exerts exceptionally high to complete Anticarcinogenic effects in tumorigenesis models of epithelial origin. In this study, we investigated the Anticarcinogenic effect of silymarin and associated molecular mechanisms, using human breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB 468. Silymarin treatment resulted in a significantly high to complete inhibition of both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of silymarin on cell growth and proliferation were associated with a G1 arrest in cell cycle progression concomitant with an induction of up to 19-fold in the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Cip1/p21. Following silymarin treatment of cells, an incremental binding of Cip1/p21 with CDK2 and CDK6 paralleled a significant decrease in CDK2-, CDK6-, cyclin D1-, and cyclin E-associated kinase activity with no change in CDK2 and CDK6 expression but a decrease in G1 cyclins D1 and E. Taken together, these results suggest that silymarin may exert a strong Anticarcinogenic effect against breast cancer and that this effect possibly involves an induction of Cip1/p21 by silymarin, which inhibits the threshold kinase activities of CDKs and associated cyclins, leading to a G1 arrest in cell cycle progression.

  • Green tea and skin--Anticarcinogenic effects.
    The Journal of investigative dermatology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Hasan Mukhtar, Santosh K Katiyar, Rajesh Agarwal
    Abstract:

    Because of its special aroma, green tea is a popular beverage consumed by some human populations worldwide. In recent years, many laboratory studies have shown that in a variety of animal tumor bioassay systems the administration of green tea, specifically the polyphenolic fraction isolated from green tea leaves (green tea polyphenols), affords protection against cancer induction. In mouse skin tumor bioassay systems, topical application of green tea polyphenols to skin has been shown to result in protection against a) 3-methylcholanthrene-induced skin tumorigenicity, b) 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) -induced skin tumor initiation, c) 1 2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and other tumor promoters caused tumor promotion in DMBA-initiated skin, and d) benzoyl peroxide- and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide caused enhanced malignant progression of nonmalignant lesions. Green tea extract has also been shown to cause partial regression of established skin papillomas in mouse. Similarly, chronic oral feeding of green tea polyphenols or water extract of green tea has also been shown to result in the protection against both chemical carcinogen- and ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin tumorigenicity. Collectively these data suggest that green tea possesses significant chemopreventive effect against each stage of carcinogenesis, and that it may be useful against inflammatory responses associated with the exposure of skin to chemical tumor promoters as well as to solar radiation. Available data regarding the mechanism by which green tea affords these diversified effects is discussed.

  • Tea components: antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic effects.
    Preventive medicine, 1992
    Co-Authors: Hasan Mukhtar, Santosh K Katiyar, Zhi Y. Wang, Rajesh Agarwal
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background. Tea from the Camellia sinensis species of the Theaceae family is one of the most ancient and, next to water, the most widely consumed beverage in the world. Since tea contains several polyphenols and since several other naturally occurring dietary polyphenols have shown antimutagenic effects in bacteria and Anticarcinogenic effects in animal bioassay systems, we studied whether polyphenols extracted from Chinese green tea (GTP) also possess antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic effects. Results. GTP and its constituent epicatechin derivatives were found to interact with hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) and inhibited the P450-dependent mixed-function oxidase enzymes in skin and liver. GTP and its epicatechin derivatives exhibited antimutagenic effects in several test systems. GTP showed substantial anti-skin-tumor-initiating and anti-skin-tumor-promoting activities when assessed in murine skin tumorigenesis bioassay systems. In these model systems polyaromatic hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 3-methyl-cholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and (+)-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (an ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BP) were used as model skin carcinogens. The feeding of GTP in drinking water to SKH-1 hairless mice also afforded significant protection against ultraviolet-B-radiation-induced skin photocarcinogenesis. Conclusions. These data suggest that tea components possess antimutagenic and anti-carcinogenic effects, and that they could protect humans against the risk of cancer by environmental agents.

Martijn B. Katan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yukihiko Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols.
    Mutation research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Yukiaki Kuroda, Yukihiko Hara
    Abstract:

    Tea is the most popular beverage, consumed by over two thirds of the world's population. Tea is processed differently in different parts of the world to give green (20%), black (78%) or oolong tea (2%). Green tea is consumed mostly in Japan and China. The antimutagenic and Anticarcinogenic activities of green tea are extensively examined. The chemical components of green and black tea are polyphenols, which include EC, ECG, EGC, EGCG and TFs. This article reviews the epidemiological and experimental studies on the antimutagenicity and Anticarcinogenicity of tea extracts and tea polyphenols. In Japan, an epidemiological study showed an inverse relationship between habitual green tea drinking and the standardized mortality rates for cancer. Some cohort studies on Chanoyu (Japanese tea ceremony) women teachers also showed that their mortality ratio including deaths caused by malignant neoplasms were surprisingly low. The antimutagenic activity against various mutagens of tea extracts and polyphenols including ECG and EGCG has been demonstrated in microbial systems (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli), mammalian cell systems and in vivo animal tests. The Anticarcinogenic activity of tea phenols has been shown in experimental animals such as rats and mice, in transplantable tumors, carcinogen-induced tumors in digestive organs, mammary glands, hepatocarcinomas, lung cancers, skin tumors, leukemia, tumor promotion and metastasis. The mechanisms of antimutagenesis and anticarcinogenesis of tea polyphenols suggest that the inhibition of tumors may be due to both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms including the modulation of metabolism, blocking or suppression, modulation of DNA replication and repair effects, promotion, inhibition of invasion and metastasis, and induction of novel mechanisms.

M.-k. Sung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by seatangle, a fiber-rich seaweed
    Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2003
    Co-Authors: E.-j. Lee, M.-k. Sung
    Abstract:

    Seaweeds are rich sources of dietary fiber which possess diverse physiological functions in the colon. In the present study, the modulating effect of feeding seatangle ( Laminaria japonica ), a fiber-rich seaweed, on initiation and postinitiation of rat colon carcinogenesis was investigated. Four groups of animals were exposed to two weekly injections of a chemical carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). Animals were fed a fiber-free semisynthetic diet or a diet containing 15% seatangle (4.7 g dietary fiber/100 g diet) during initiation, postinitiation or initiation postinitiation phase of carcinogenesis. Study results showed that animals fed the seatangle-containing diet had a significantly decreased number of both aberrant crypts and aberrant crypt foci in the colon. Also, labeling indices and proliferation zones were signi- ficantly reduced in the colon of the rats fed a seatangle diet. All of the seatangle feeding regimens used in this study were effective in reducing aberrant crypt formation indicating Anticarcinogenic effects are mediated through both the blocking of initiation and the suppression of cell proliferation in initiated cells. These results suggest that a diet containing seatangle may decrease the risk of developing colon cancer although the precise cellular mechanisms involved in Anticarcinogenic effects of seatangle should be further examined.

  • Saponins as Anticarcinogens
    Journal of Nutrition, 1995
    Co-Authors: M.-k. Sung
    Abstract:

    Saponins, which are present in plants, have been suggested as possible anticarcinogens. They possess surface-active characteristics that are due to the amphiphilic nature of their chemical structure. The proposed mechanisms of Anticarcinogenic properties of saponins include direct cytotoxicity, immune-modulatory effects, bile acid binding and normalization of carcinogen-induced cell proliferation. However, the antlcarcinogenic effects of saponins from commonly consumed plant foods have not been studied. Soybeans are one of the most important sources of dietary saponins. They are the main protein supplier in many vegetarian diets. Our results showed that soybean saponins at the concentration of 150-600 ppm had a dosedependent growth inhibitory effect on human carcinoma cells (HCT-15). Viability was also significantly reduced. Soybean saponins did not increase cell membrane permeability in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas gypsophilla saponin, a nondietary saponin, increased permeability with increasing concentrations. Electron microscopy indicated that soybean and gypsophilla saponins alter cell morphology and interact with the cell membrane in different ways

Kyung-chul Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anticarcinogenic Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Chemopreventive Mechanisms
    Nutrition and cancer, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kyung-a Hwang, Kyung-chul Choi
    Abstract:

    Phytoestrogens are phenolic compounds derived from plants and exert an estrogenic as well as an antiestrogenic effect and also various biological efficacies. Chemopreventive properties of phytoestrogens has emerged from epidemiological observations indicating that the incidence of some cancers including breast and prostate cancers is much lower in Asian people, who consume significantly higher amounts of phytoestrogens than Western people. There are 4 main classes of phytoestrogens: isoflavones, stilbenes, coumestans, and lignans. Currently, resveratrol is recognized as another major phytoestrogen present in grape and red wine and has been studied in many biological studies. Phytoestrogens have biologically diverse profitabilities and advantages such as low cytotoxicity to patients, lack of side effects in clinical trials, and pronounced benefits in a combined therapy. In this review, we highlighted the effects of genistein, daidzein, and resveratrol in relation with their Anticarcinogenic activity. A lot of in vitro and in vivo results on their chemopreventive properties were presented along with the underlying mechanisms. Besides well-known mechanisms such as antioxidant property and apoptosis, newly elucidated Anticarcinogenic modes of action including epigenetic modifications and topoisomerase inhibition have been provided to examine the possibility of phytoestrogens as promising reagents for cancer chemoprevention and/or treatment and to suggest the importance of plant-based diet of phytoestrogens.