The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Keith R. Stokes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an Antifouling coating
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: L D Chambers, Jonathan A Wharton, Frank C. Walsh, Robert J.k. Wood, Keith R. StokesAbstract:The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open System, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the Antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery System (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the Antifouling System including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional System by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary Antifouling paint System binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating System. The most rigorous test for an Antifouling System is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
L D Chambers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an Antifouling coating
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: L D Chambers, Jonathan A Wharton, Frank C. Walsh, Robert J.k. Wood, Keith StokesAbstract:Abstract The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open System, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the Antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery System (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the Antifouling System including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional System by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary Antifouling paint System binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating System. The most rigorous test for an Antifouling System is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.
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Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an Antifouling coating
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: L D Chambers, Jonathan A Wharton, Frank C. Walsh, Robert J.k. Wood, Keith R. StokesAbstract:The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open System, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the Antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery System (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the Antifouling System including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional System by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary Antifouling paint System binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating System. The most rigorous test for an Antifouling System is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Kim Dam-johansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antifouling technology - Past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly Antifouling coatings
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2004Co-Authors: Diego Meseguer Yebra, Søren Kiil, Kim Dam-johansenAbstract:The imminent ban of environmentally harmful tributyltin (TBT)-based paint products has been the cause of a major change in the Antifouling paint industry. In the past decade, several tin-free products have reached the commercial market, and claimed their effectiveness as regards the prevention of marine biofouling on ships in an environmentally friendly manner. The main objective of this review is to describe these products in as much detail as possible based on the knowledge available in the open literature. This knowledge has been supplemented by means of performance data provided, upon request, by some of the paint-producing companies. An exhaustive review of the historical development of Antifouling Systems and a detailed characterisation of sea water are also included. The need for studies on the behaviour of chemically active paints under different sea water conditions is emphasised. In addition, the most common booster biocides used to replace TBT-containing compounds are listed and described. It must be stressed that there is still a lack of knowledge of their potential environmental side effects. The current interest in providing innovative Antifouling technologies based on an improved understanding of the biological principles of the biofouling process is also considered in this review. From the analysis of the factors affecting the biofouling process, the interference with the settlement and attachment mechanisms is the most promising environmentally benign option. This can be accomplished in two main ways: imitation of the natural Antifouling processes and modification of the characteristics of the substrate. The former mostly focuses on the study of the large amount of secondary metabolites secreted by many different marine organisms to control the fouling on their surfaces. The many obstacles that need to be overcome for the success of this research are analysed. The potential development of broad-spectrum efficient coatings based on natural antifoulants is far from commercialisation. However, exploitation of a weakening of biofouling adhesion by means of the non-stick and fouling-release concepts is at a rather advanced stage of development. The main advantages and drawbacks of these Systems are presented along with a brief introduction to their scientific basis. Finally, other alternatives, which may eventually give rise to an efficient and environmentally benign Antifouling System, are outlined. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Diego Meseguer Yebra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Antifouling technology—past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly Antifouling coatings
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2004Co-Authors: Diego Meseguer Yebra, Søren Kiil, Kim Dam-johansenAbstract:Abstract The imminent ban of environmentally harmful tributyltin (TBT)-based paint products has been the cause of a major change in the Antifouling paint industry. In the past decade, several tin-free products have reached the commercial market, and claimed their effectiveness as regards the prevention of marine biofouling on ships in an environmentally friendly manner. The main objective of this review is to describe these products in as much detail as possible based on the knowledge available in the open literature. This knowledge has been supplemented by means of performance data provided, upon request, by some of the paint-producing companies. An exhaustive review of the historical development of Antifouling Systems and a detailed characterisation of sea water are also included. The need for studies on the behaviour of chemically active paints under different sea water conditions is emphasised. In addition, the most common booster biocides used to replace TBT-containing compounds are listed and described. It must be stressed that there is still a lack of knowledge of their potential environmental side effects. The current interest in providing innovative Antifouling technologies based on an improved understanding of the biological principles of the biofouling process is also considered in this review. From the analysis of the factors affecting the biofouling process, the interference with the settlement and attachment mechanisms is the most promising environmentally benign option. This can be accomplished in two main ways: imitation of the natural Antifouling processes and modification of the characteristics of the substrate. The former mostly focuses on the study of the large amount of secondary metabolites secreted by many different marine organisms to control the fouling on their surfaces. The many obstacles that need to be overcome for the success of this research are analysed. The potential development of broad-spectrum efficient coatings based on natural antifoulants is far from commercialisation. However, exploitation of a weakening of biofouling adhesion by means of the non-stick and fouling-release concepts is at a rather advanced stage of development. The main advantages and drawbacks of these Systems are presented along with a brief introduction to their scientific basis. Finally, other alternatives, which may eventually give rise to an efficient and environmentally benign Antifouling System, are outlined.
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Antifouling technology - Past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly Antifouling coatings
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2004Co-Authors: Diego Meseguer Yebra, Søren Kiil, Kim Dam-johansenAbstract:The imminent ban of environmentally harmful tributyltin (TBT)-based paint products has been the cause of a major change in the Antifouling paint industry. In the past decade, several tin-free products have reached the commercial market, and claimed their effectiveness as regards the prevention of marine biofouling on ships in an environmentally friendly manner. The main objective of this review is to describe these products in as much detail as possible based on the knowledge available in the open literature. This knowledge has been supplemented by means of performance data provided, upon request, by some of the paint-producing companies. An exhaustive review of the historical development of Antifouling Systems and a detailed characterisation of sea water are also included. The need for studies on the behaviour of chemically active paints under different sea water conditions is emphasised. In addition, the most common booster biocides used to replace TBT-containing compounds are listed and described. It must be stressed that there is still a lack of knowledge of their potential environmental side effects. The current interest in providing innovative Antifouling technologies based on an improved understanding of the biological principles of the biofouling process is also considered in this review. From the analysis of the factors affecting the biofouling process, the interference with the settlement and attachment mechanisms is the most promising environmentally benign option. This can be accomplished in two main ways: imitation of the natural Antifouling processes and modification of the characteristics of the substrate. The former mostly focuses on the study of the large amount of secondary metabolites secreted by many different marine organisms to control the fouling on their surfaces. The many obstacles that need to be overcome for the success of this research are analysed. The potential development of broad-spectrum efficient coatings based on natural antifoulants is far from commercialisation. However, exploitation of a weakening of biofouling adhesion by means of the non-stick and fouling-release concepts is at a rather advanced stage of development. The main advantages and drawbacks of these Systems are presented along with a brief introduction to their scientific basis. Finally, other alternatives, which may eventually give rise to an efficient and environmentally benign Antifouling System, are outlined. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Robert J.k. Wood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an Antifouling coating
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: L D Chambers, Jonathan A Wharton, Frank C. Walsh, Robert J.k. Wood, Keith StokesAbstract:Abstract The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open System, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the Antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery System (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the Antifouling System including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional System by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary Antifouling paint System binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating System. The most rigorous test for an Antifouling System is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.
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Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an Antifouling coating
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: L D Chambers, Jonathan A Wharton, Frank C. Walsh, Robert J.k. Wood, Keith R. StokesAbstract:The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open System, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the Antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery System (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the Antifouling System including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional System by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary Antifouling paint System binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating System. The most rigorous test for an Antifouling System is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK. © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
