The Experts below are selected from a list of 45 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

A. Sahin-demirbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gasoline Fuel Blends for Otto Engines and Gasoline Fuel Additives
    Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Demirbas, A. Sahin-demirbas
    Abstract:

    Abstract Gasoline is a volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum, which is used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals. Methanol and ethanol as alcohol fuels are technically and economically suitable for internal combustion engines. The octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with methanol and ethanol percentages in gasoline. Hence, methanol is an effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline. The engine performance improves as the percentages of methanol and ethanol increase in the blend. Fuel additives are used to improve gasoline performance in vehicles and to reduce specific emissions. They include octane enhancers, Antiknock Compounds, and oxygenates, as well as corrosion inhibitors, detergents, and dyes.

Tim Eggeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kirk‐Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Sodium and Sodium Alloys
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Tim Eggeman
    Abstract:

    Of all the alkali metals, sodium has had perhaps the greatest commercial success, owing to its relative ease of manufacture and its important role worldwide in the manufacture of organolead Compounds for use as gasoline octane enhancers. The decline of organoleads in North America has greatly affected U.S. production. Other sodium uses exist, but none requiring the massive quantities needed for lead Antiknock Compounds. Most sodium is made electrolytically. Various electrochemical cells are described. However, sodium is used to make sodium methylate, herbicides, dyes, rubber, fragrances, vitamins, and ibuprophen. In metal manufacture, sodium is used in tantalum, titanium, silicon and refining metallic lead and grain refining. Newer uses include sodium batteries, flue-gas cleanup, and alloy surface modification. Safe handling of sodium requires special consideration because of its high reactivity. Sodium alloys are also discussed. Keywords: sodium; sodium alloys; electrolysis; Castner cell; Downs cells; Antiknock agents; pharmaceuticals; metal refining; herbicides; dyes; rubber; fragrances; batteries

S. Stournas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of Some Oxygenated Substitutes on Gasoline Properties, Spark Ignition Engine Performance, and Emissions
    Energy & Fuels, 1998
    Co-Authors: S. Gouli, And E. Lois, S. Stournas
    Abstract:

    Spark ignition engines are responsible to a considerable extent for the major pollutants that are emitted in the atmosphere. The interest of researchers in the development of oxygenated fuel extenders has increased in recent years due to the removal of lead Compounds from gasoline in combination with the need to reduce the components with high ozone-forming potential, i.e., aromatics and olefins. The purpose of the current work was to investigate the ignition quality of Compounds derivable from renewable sources (furan derivatives and p-cresol), their effects on regulated emissions from conventional spark ignition engines, and their effects on gasoline properties. It was found that furan derivatives and p-cresol are very effective Antiknock Compounds, thus allowing a reduced aromatic content in gasoline without any further negative effects on gasoline properties. Hydrocarbon and CO emissions were found to be a function of the air−fuel ratio (AFR) and independent of engine loading, whereas NOx emissions ap...

Vernon H. Markant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology - Sodium and Sodium Alloys
    Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Charles H. Lemke, Vernon H. Markant
    Abstract:

    Of all the alkali metals, sodium has had perhaps the greatest commercial success, owing to its relative ease of manufacture and its important role worldwide in the manufacture of organolead Compounds for use as gasoline octane enhancers. The decline of organoleads in North America has greatly affected U.S. production. Other sodium uses exist, but none requiring the massive quantities needed for lead Antiknock Compounds. Most sodium is made electrolytically. Various electrochemical cells are described. Sodium continues to have an important role in the manufacture of many organic chemicals as a reducing agent. Newer uses include sodium batteries, flue-gas cleanup, and alloy surface modification.

K. Demirbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gasoline Fuel Blends for Otto Engines and Gasoline Fuel Additives
    Energy Sources Part B: Economics Planning and Policy, 2010
    Co-Authors: K. Demirbas, A. Sahin-demirbas
    Abstract:

    Abstract Gasoline is a volatile mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from crude petroleum, which is used principally as a fuel for internal-combustion engines. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals. Methanol and ethanol as alcohol fuels are technically and economically suitable for internal combustion engines. The octane number of gasoline increases continuously and linearly with methanol and ethanol percentages in gasoline. Hence, methanol is an effective compound for increasing the value of the octane number of gasoline. The engine performance improves as the percentages of methanol and ethanol increase in the blend. Fuel additives are used to improve gasoline performance in vehicles and to reduce specific emissions. They include octane enhancers, Antiknock Compounds, and oxygenates, as well as corrosion inhibitors, detergents, and dyes.