The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David A. Camfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 2: A Review of Clinical Studies with Supporting Preclinical Evidence
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. Thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity. We present the article in two parts. In part one, we reviewed herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In this current article (part two), we review herbal medicines for which there have been both preclinical and clinical investigations of Anxiolytic activity. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) for English language papers using the search terms ‘anxiety’ OR ‘anxiety disorder’ OR ‘generalized anxiety disorder’ OR ‘social phobia’ OR ‘post-traumatic stress disorder’ OR ‘panic disorder’ OR ‘agoraphobia’ OR ‘obsessive compulsive disorder’ in combination with the search terms ‘Herb*’ OR ‘Medicinal Plants’ OR ‘Botanical Medicine’ OR ‘Chinese herb*’, in addition to individual herbal medicines. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, of which 53 plants were included in the review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed here in part two), with the other 32 having solely preclinical evidence (reviewed in part one). Support for efficacy was found for chronic use (i.e. greater than one day) of the following herbs in treating a range of anxiety disorders in human clinical trials: Piper methysticum, Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Scutellaria lateriflora , Silybum marianum, Passiflora incarnata, Withania somniferum, Galphimia glauca, Centella asiatica, Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea spp., Melissa officinalis and Echium amoenum . For several of the plants studied, conclusions need to be tempered due to methodological issues such as small sample sizes, brief intervention durations and non-replication. Current evidence does not support Hypericum perforatum or Valeriana spp. for any anxiety disorder. Acute Anxiolytic activity was found for Centella asiatica, Salvia spp., Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata and Citrus aurantium. Bacopa monnieri has shown Anxiolytic effects in people with cognitive decline. The therapeutic application of psychotropic plant-based treatments for anxiety disorders is also discussed, specifically Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caarti (ayahuasca), Psilocybe spp. and cannabidiol-enriched (low tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ^9-THC)) Cannabis spp.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 1
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin , Sonchus oleraceus , Uncaria rhynchophylla , Stachys lavandulifolia , Cecropia glazioui , Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica , Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis , Apocynum venetum , Nauclea latifolia , Equisetum arvense , Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata , Achillea millefolium , Leea indica , Juncus effusus , Coriandrum sativum , Eurycoma longifolia , Turnera diffusa , Euphorbia hirta , Justicia spp., Crocus sativus , Aloysia polystachya , Albies pindrow , Casimiroa edulis , Davilla rugosa , Gastrodia elata , Sphaerathus indicus , Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng . Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
-
Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 1: A review of preclinical studies
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin, Sonchus oleraceus, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Stachys lavandulifolia, Cecropia glazioui, Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica, Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis, Apocynum venetum, Nauclea latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata, Achillea millefolium, Leea indica, Juncus effusus, Coriandrum sativum, Eurycoma longifolia, Turnera diffusa, Euphorbia hirta, Justicia spp., Crocus sativus, Aloysia polystachya, Albies pindrow, Casimiroa edulis, Davilla rugosa, Gastrodia elata, Sphaerathus indicus, Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng. Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
Jerome Sarris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 2: A Review of Clinical Studies with Supporting Preclinical Evidence
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. Thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity. We present the article in two parts. In part one, we reviewed herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In this current article (part two), we review herbal medicines for which there have been both preclinical and clinical investigations of Anxiolytic activity. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) for English language papers using the search terms ‘anxiety’ OR ‘anxiety disorder’ OR ‘generalized anxiety disorder’ OR ‘social phobia’ OR ‘post-traumatic stress disorder’ OR ‘panic disorder’ OR ‘agoraphobia’ OR ‘obsessive compulsive disorder’ in combination with the search terms ‘Herb*’ OR ‘Medicinal Plants’ OR ‘Botanical Medicine’ OR ‘Chinese herb*’, in addition to individual herbal medicines. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, of which 53 plants were included in the review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed here in part two), with the other 32 having solely preclinical evidence (reviewed in part one). Support for efficacy was found for chronic use (i.e. greater than one day) of the following herbs in treating a range of anxiety disorders in human clinical trials: Piper methysticum, Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Scutellaria lateriflora , Silybum marianum, Passiflora incarnata, Withania somniferum, Galphimia glauca, Centella asiatica, Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea spp., Melissa officinalis and Echium amoenum . For several of the plants studied, conclusions need to be tempered due to methodological issues such as small sample sizes, brief intervention durations and non-replication. Current evidence does not support Hypericum perforatum or Valeriana spp. for any anxiety disorder. Acute Anxiolytic activity was found for Centella asiatica, Salvia spp., Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata and Citrus aurantium. Bacopa monnieri has shown Anxiolytic effects in people with cognitive decline. The therapeutic application of psychotropic plant-based treatments for anxiety disorders is also discussed, specifically Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caarti (ayahuasca), Psilocybe spp. and cannabidiol-enriched (low tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ^9-THC)) Cannabis spp.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 1
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin , Sonchus oleraceus , Uncaria rhynchophylla , Stachys lavandulifolia , Cecropia glazioui , Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica , Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis , Apocynum venetum , Nauclea latifolia , Equisetum arvense , Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata , Achillea millefolium , Leea indica , Juncus effusus , Coriandrum sativum , Eurycoma longifolia , Turnera diffusa , Euphorbia hirta , Justicia spp., Crocus sativus , Aloysia polystachya , Albies pindrow , Casimiroa edulis , Davilla rugosa , Gastrodia elata , Sphaerathus indicus , Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng . Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
-
Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 1: A review of preclinical studies
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin, Sonchus oleraceus, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Stachys lavandulifolia, Cecropia glazioui, Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica, Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis, Apocynum venetum, Nauclea latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata, Achillea millefolium, Leea indica, Juncus effusus, Coriandrum sativum, Eurycoma longifolia, Turnera diffusa, Euphorbia hirta, Justicia spp., Crocus sativus, Aloysia polystachya, Albies pindrow, Casimiroa edulis, Davilla rugosa, Gastrodia elata, Sphaerathus indicus, Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng. Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
Erica Mcintyre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 2: A Review of Clinical Studies with Supporting Preclinical Evidence
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. Thus, our aim was to provide a comprehensive narrative review of plant-based medicines that have clinical and/or preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity. We present the article in two parts. In part one, we reviewed herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In this current article (part two), we review herbal medicines for which there have been both preclinical and clinical investigations of Anxiolytic activity. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) for English language papers using the search terms ‘anxiety’ OR ‘anxiety disorder’ OR ‘generalized anxiety disorder’ OR ‘social phobia’ OR ‘post-traumatic stress disorder’ OR ‘panic disorder’ OR ‘agoraphobia’ OR ‘obsessive compulsive disorder’ in combination with the search terms ‘Herb*’ OR ‘Medicinal Plants’ OR ‘Botanical Medicine’ OR ‘Chinese herb*’, in addition to individual herbal medicines. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, of which 53 plants were included in the review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed here in part two), with the other 32 having solely preclinical evidence (reviewed in part one). Support for efficacy was found for chronic use (i.e. greater than one day) of the following herbs in treating a range of anxiety disorders in human clinical trials: Piper methysticum, Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Scutellaria lateriflora , Silybum marianum, Passiflora incarnata, Withania somniferum, Galphimia glauca, Centella asiatica, Rhodiola rosea, Echinacea spp., Melissa officinalis and Echium amoenum . For several of the plants studied, conclusions need to be tempered due to methodological issues such as small sample sizes, brief intervention durations and non-replication. Current evidence does not support Hypericum perforatum or Valeriana spp. for any anxiety disorder. Acute Anxiolytic activity was found for Centella asiatica, Salvia spp., Melissa officinalis, Passiflora incarnata and Citrus aurantium. Bacopa monnieri has shown Anxiolytic effects in people with cognitive decline. The therapeutic application of psychotropic plant-based treatments for anxiety disorders is also discussed, specifically Psychotria viridis and Banisteriopsis caarti (ayahuasca), Psilocybe spp. and cannabidiol-enriched (low tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ^9-THC)) Cannabis spp.
-
Plant-Based Medicines for Anxiety Disorders, Part 1
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin , Sonchus oleraceus , Uncaria rhynchophylla , Stachys lavandulifolia , Cecropia glazioui , Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica , Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis , Apocynum venetum , Nauclea latifolia , Equisetum arvense , Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata , Achillea millefolium , Leea indica , Juncus effusus , Coriandrum sativum , Eurycoma longifolia , Turnera diffusa , Euphorbia hirta , Justicia spp., Crocus sativus , Aloysia polystachya , Albies pindrow , Casimiroa edulis , Davilla rugosa , Gastrodia elata , Sphaerathus indicus , Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng . Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
-
Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 1: A review of preclinical studies
CNS Drugs, 2013Co-Authors: Jerome Sarris, Erica Mcintyre, David A. CamfieldAbstract:Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has revealed a variety of promising medicines that may provide benefit in the treatment of general anxiety and specific anxiety disorders. However, a comprehensive review of plant-based Anxiolytics has been absent to date. This article (part 1) reviews herbal medicines for which only preclinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity have been performed. In part 2, we review herbal medicines for which there have been clinical investigations for Anxiolytic activity. An open-ended, language-restricted (English) search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to 28 October 2012) using specific search criteria to identify herbal medicines that have been investigated for Anxiolytic activity. This search of the literature revealed 1,525 papers, from which 53 herbal medicines were included in the full review (having at least one study using the whole plant extract). Of these plants, 21 had human clinical trial evidence (reviewed in part 2), with another 32 having solely preclinical studies (reviewed here in part 1). Preclinical evidence of Anxiolytic activity (without human clinical trials) was found for Albizia julibrissin, Sonchus oleraceus, Uncaria rhynchophylla, Stachys lavandulifolia, Cecropia glazioui, Magnolia spp., Eschscholzia californica, Erythrina spp., Annona spp., Rubus brasiliensis, Apocynum venetum, Nauclea latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Tilia spp., Securidaca longepedunculata, Achillea millefolium, Leea indica, Juncus effusus, Coriandrum sativum, Eurycoma longifolia, Turnera diffusa, Euphorbia hirta, Justicia spp., Crocus sativus, Aloysia polystachya, Albies pindrow, Casimiroa edulis, Davilla rugosa, Gastrodia elata, Sphaerathus indicus, Zizyphus jujuba and Panax ginseng. Common mechanisms of action for the majority of botanicals reviewed primarily involve GABA, either via direct receptor binding or ionic channel or cell membrane modulation; GABA transaminase or glutamic acid decarboxylase inhibition; a range of monoaminergic effects; and potential cannabinoid receptor modulation. Future research should focus on conducting human clinical trials on the plants reviewed with promising Anxiolytic activity.
Tim Lancaster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Anxiolytics and antidepressants for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2003Co-Authors: Hughes, Lindsay F. Stead, Tim LancasterAbstract:BACKGROUND: There are two reasons to believe antidepressants and Anxiolytics might help in smoking. First, anxiety and depression are symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, and smoking cessation sometimes precipitates depression. Second, smoking appears to be due, in part, to deficits in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, all of which are increased by Anxiolytics and antidepressants. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of such drugs in aiding long term smoking cessation. The drugs include bupropion; buspirone; diazepam; doxepin; fluoxetine; imipramine; meprobamate; moclobemide; nortriptyline; tryptophan; ondansetron; venlafaxine and the beta-blockers metoprolol, oxprenolol and propanolol. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register which includes trials indexed in Medline, Embase, SciSearch and PsycLit, and meetings abstracts. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomized trials comparing Anxiolytic or antidepressant drugs to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control for smoking cessation. We excluded trials with less than 6 months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of study population, the nature of the drug therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: There was one trial each of the Anxiolytics diazepam, meprobamate, metoprolol and oxprenolol. There were two trials of the Anxiolytic buspirone. None of these showed evidence of effectiveness in helping smokers to quit. There was one trial each of the antidepressants fluoxetine and moclobemide, two of nortriptyline, and four trials of bupropion. Nortriptyline and bupropion increased cessation and other antidepressants might also be effective. One trial found combined bupropion and nicotine patch produced higher quit rates than patch alone. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence that Anxiolytics aid smoking cessation. Some antidepressants (bupropion and nortriptyline) can aid smoking cessation. It is not clear whether these effects are specific for individual drugs, or a class effect.
-
The Cochrane Library - Anxiolytics for smoking cessation.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2000Co-Authors: John R. Hughes, Lindsay F. Stead, Tim LancasterAbstract:The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of Anxiolytic pharmacotherapy in aiding long term smoking cessation. The drugs include buspirone; diazepam; doxepin; meprobamate; ondansetron; and the beta-blockers metoprolol, oxprenolol and propanolol. Conclusion: There is no consistent evidence that Anxiolytics aid smoking cessation, but the available evidence does not rule out a possible effect.
-
Anxiolytics for smoking cessation
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2000Co-Authors: John R. Hughes, Lindsay F. Stead, Tim LancasterAbstract:BACKGROUND: There are two reasons to believe Anxiolytics might help in smoking cessation. Anxiety may be a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. Second, smoking appears to be due, in part, to deficits in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, all of which are increased by Anxiolytics and antidepressants. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of Anxiolytic drugs in aiding long term smoking cessation. The drugs include buspirone; diazepam; doxepin; meprobamate; ondansetron; and the beta-blockers metoprolol, oxprenolol and propanolol. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register which includes trials indexed in Medline, Embase, SciSearch and PsycLit, and meetings abstracts. SELECTION CRITERIA: We considered randomized trials comparing Anxiolytic drugs to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control for smoking cessation. We excluded trials with less than 6 months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data in duplicate on the type of study population, the nature of the drug therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS: There was one trial each of the Anxiolytics diazepam, meprobamate, metoprolol and oxprenolol. There were two trials of the Anxiolytic buspirone. None of the trials showed strong evidence of an effect for any of these drugs in helping smokers to quit. However, confidence intervals were wide, and an effect of Anxiolytics cannot be ruled out on current evidence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is no consistent evidence that Anxiolytics aid smoking cessation, but the available evidence does not rule out a possible effect.
L. Garrett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sedative but not Anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by the GABA_A receptor α_1 subtype
Nature Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: Ruth M Mckernan, Shelley Farrar, P Ferris, Keith A Wafford, Thomas W Rosahl, D S Reynolds, John R. Atack, G. Cook, J. Myers, L. GarrettAbstract:Inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is largely mediated by GABA_A receptors. Potentiation of GABA receptor activation through an allosteric benzodiazepine (BZ) site produces the sedative, Anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and cognition-impairing effects of clinically used BZs such as diazepam. We created genetically modified mice (α_1 H101R) with a diazepam-insensitive α_1 subtype and a selective BZ site ligand, L-838,417, to explore GABA_A receptor subtypes mediating specific physiological effects. These two complimentary approaches revealed that the α_1 subtype mediated the sedative, but not the Anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. This finding suggests ways to improve Anxiolytics and to develop drugs for other neurological disorders based on their specificity for GABA_A receptor subtypes in distinct neuronal circuits.
-
sedative but not Anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines are mediated by the gaba a receptor alpha1 subtype
Nature Neuroscience, 2000Co-Authors: Ruth M Mckernan, P Ferris, Keith A Wafford, Thomas W Rosahl, D S Reynolds, John R. Atack, J. Myers, Sophie Farrar, G P Cook, L. GarrettAbstract:Inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain is largely mediated by GABAA receptors. Potentiation of GABA receptor activation through an allosteric benzodiazepine (BZ) site produces the sedative, Anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and cognition-impairing effects of clinically used BZs such as diazepam. We created genetically modified mice (α1 H101R) with a diazepam-insensitive α1 subtype and a selective BZ site ligand, L-838,417, to explore GABAA receptor subtypes mediating specific physiological effects. These two complimentary approaches revealed that the α1 subtype mediated the sedative, but not the Anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. This finding suggests ways to improve Anxiolytics and to develop drugs for other neurological disorders based on their specificity for GABAA receptor subtypes in distinct neuronal circuits.
