# Aperture Area

The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

### Yury A. Andreev – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### optimizing high power ultra wideband combined antennas for maximum radiation within finite ApertureArea
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2019
Co-Authors: Shao-fei Wang, Yury A. Andreev

Abstract:

In this paper, the combined antenna array is developed to maximize the effective potential gain ( $G_{ep}$ ) within finite Aperture Area for the high-power ultra-wideband (UWB) radiation. The idea is to make the antenna element as small as possible, so that more elements can be arranged within the prescribed Aperture Area to maximize $G_{ep}$ of the UWB system. On the other hand, the antenna element should match the pulse excitation. This means that in the frequency domain, the working band of the antenna element should cover the spectrum of the radiated pulse, and in the time domain, critical parameters of the radiated field (e.g., rise time of the monopolar pulse) should not be distorted, and those can be the principles for the UWB antenna to match the pulsed excitation, based on which the minimum size of the antenna element can be determined. With this method, a four-element combined antenna array is designed. Also, an impedance transformer and power divider are designed to feed the antenna array. Also, a big combined antenna is developed with the same Aperture dimensions (30 cm $\times30$ cm) as the antenna array. Then, the performances of the antenna array and the big antenna are measured and compared. Compared with the big antenna, $G_{ep}$ of the antenna array is 21% higher under the applied excitation, which indicates that the proposed method can significantly improve $G_{ep}$ of the UWB system within the prescribed Aperture Area. Finally, the antenna array is furthermore optimized by adjusting the distances between the elements, and $G_{ep}$ is improved by another 11%, the total improvement is 33%, and the corresponding effective potential gain is 1.49.

• ##### Optimizing High-Power Ultra-Wideband Combined Antennas for Maximum Radiation Within Finite ApertureArea
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2019
Co-Authors: Shao-fei Wang, Yury A. Andreev

Abstract:

In this paper, the combined antenna array is developed to maximize the effective potential gain (Gep) within finite Aperture Area for the high-power ultra-wideband (UWB) radiation. The idea is to make the antenna element as small as possible, so that more elements can be arranged within the prescribed Aperture Area to maximize Gep of the UWB system. On the other hand, the antenna element should match the pulse excitation. This means that in the frequency domain, the working band of the antenna element should cover the spectrum of the radiated pulse, and in the time domain, critical parameters of the radiated field (e.g., rise time of the monopolar pulse) should not be distorted, and those can be the principles for the UWB antenna to match the pulsed excitation, based on which the minimum size of the antenna element can be determined. With this method, a four-element combined antenna array is designed. Also, an impedance transformer and power divider are designed to feed the antenna array. Also, a big combined antenna is developed with the same Aperture dimensions (30 cm × 30 cm) as the antenna array. Then, the performances of the antenna array and the big antenna are measured and compared. Compared with the big antenna, Gep of the antenna array is 21% higher under the applied excitation, which indicates that the proposed method can significantly improve Gep of the UWB system within the prescribed Aperture Area. Finally, the antenna array is furthermore optimized by adjusting the distances between the elements, and Gep is improved by another 11%, the total improvement is 33%, and the corresponding effective potential gain is 1.49.

### Christophe Ballif – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### Closing the Cell-to-Module Efficiency Gap: A Fully Laser Scribed Perovskite Minimodule With 16% Steady-State ApertureArea Efficiency
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2018
Co-Authors: Arnaud Walter, Soo-jin Moon, Brett A. Kamino, Linus Löfgren, Davide Sacchetto, Fabio Matteocci, Babak Taheri, Julien Bailat, Aldo Di Carlo, Christophe Ballif

Abstract:

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells show increasing power conversion efficiencies, approaching the values of silicon-based devices. To date, however, most of the reported record efficiencies for perovskite solar devices are obtained on single cells with active Areas significantly below 1 cm2. Hence, demonstrating highly efficient devices with an upscaled active Area is one of the key challenges faced by this technology. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of thin-film laser patterning techniques to produce 14 cm2 modules with steady-state Aperture Area efficiencies as high as 16% and a geometrical fill factor of 92%.

• ##### closing the cell to module efficiency gap a fully laser scribed perovskite minimodule with 16 steady state ApertureArea efficiency
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2018
Co-Authors: Arnaud Walter, Soo-jin Moon, Brett A. Kamino, Linus Löfgren, Davide Sacchetto, Fabio Matteocci, Babak Taheri, Julien Bailat, Aldo Di Carlo, Christophe Ballif

Abstract:

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells show increasing power conversion efficiencies, approaching the values of silicon-based devices. To date, however, most of the reported record efficiencies for perovskite solar devices are obtained on single cells with active Areas significantly below 1 cm2. Hence, demonstrating highly efficient devices with an upscaled active Area is one of the key challenges faced by this technology. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of thin-film laser patterning techniques to produce 14 cm2 modules with steady-state Aperture Area efficiencies as high as 16% and a geometrical fill factor of 92%.

### Babak Taheri – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### low temperature solution processed perovskite solar cells and modules with an ApertureArea efficiency of 11
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2018
Co-Authors: Emanuele Calabro, Fabio Matteocci, Babak Taheri, Alessandro Lorenzo Palma, Luigi Vesce, Laura Carlini, Silvia Nappini, Janardan Dagar, Chiara Battocchio, Thomas M Brown

Abstract:

Abstract Planar perovskite solar cells and modules were realized by using low temperature solution-process fabrication procedures. The photovoltaic performance was improved by optimizing a SnO 2 electron transport layer and its interface with the perovskite layer. We achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3% on small Area cell (0.09 cm 2 ) with negligible hysteresis and a steady-state PCE equal to 17.4%. Furthermore, shelf life tests showed a relative decrease of only 5% in PCE from its initial value after 1000 h of storage in dark conditions in air (RH 20%). Up-scaling of the technology was implemented entirely in air with fabrication of modules with a high Aperture ratio of 91%. The modules delivered a maximum PCE of 13.1% obtained on an active Area of 13.8 cm 2 and of 11.9% on an Aperture Area of 15.2 cm 2 representing state of art performance for fully low temperature solution processed planar perovskite solar modules.

• ##### Low temperature, solution-processed perovskite solar cells and modules with an ApertureArea efficiency of 11%
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2018
Co-Authors: Emanuele Calabro, Fabio Matteocci, Babak Taheri, Alessandro Lorenzo Palma, Luigi Vesce, Laura Carlini, Silvia Nappini, Janardan Dagar, Chiara Battocchio

Abstract:

Abstract Planar perovskite solar cells and modules were realized by using low temperature solution-process fabrication procedures. The photovoltaic performance was improved by optimizing a SnO 2 electron transport layer and its interface with the perovskite layer. We achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3% on small Area cell (0.09 cm 2 ) with negligible hysteresis and a steady-state PCE equal to 17.4%. Furthermore, shelf life tests showed a relative decrease of only 5% in PCE from its initial value after 1000 h of storage in dark conditions in air (RH 20%). Up-scaling of the technology was implemented entirely in air with fabrication of modules with a high Aperture ratio of 91%. The modules delivered a maximum PCE of 13.1% obtained on an active Area of 13.8 cm 2 and of 11.9% on an Aperture Area of 15.2 cm 2 representing state of art performance for fully low temperature solution processed planar perovskite solar modules.

• ##### Closing the Cell-to-Module Efficiency Gap: A Fully Laser Scribed Perovskite Minimodule With 16% Steady-State ApertureArea Efficiency
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2018
Co-Authors: Arnaud Walter, Soo-jin Moon, Brett A. Kamino, Linus Löfgren, Davide Sacchetto, Fabio Matteocci, Babak Taheri, Julien Bailat, Aldo Di Carlo, Christophe Ballif

Abstract:

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells show increasing power conversion efficiencies, approaching the values of silicon-based devices. To date, however, most of the reported record efficiencies for perovskite solar devices are obtained on single cells with active Areas significantly below 1 cm2. Hence, demonstrating highly efficient devices with an upscaled active Area is one of the key challenges faced by this technology. Here, we demonstrate the successful use of thin-film laser patterning techniques to produce 14 cm2 modules with steady-state Aperture Area efficiencies as high as 16% and a geometrical fill factor of 92%.