The Experts below are selected from a list of 246 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Phoebe Koundouri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regulatory assessment for chemicals a rapid Appraisal Cost benefit approach
    Environmental Science & Policy, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Pearce, Phoebe Koundouri
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative ‘rapid Appraisal’ methodologies for determining the Costs and benefits of environmental legislation, the focus being the new Chemicals Policy in the European Union (EU) known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We show that a full and rigorous Cost–benefit Appraisal of this legislation is not possible because of informational deficiencies. Hence, some ‘second best’ approach is required. In addition, full Cost–benefit Appraisal is likely to be expensive and impossible to conduct in the near-term. We argue that it is possible to obtain some broad estimates of gains and losses by making reasonable assumptions and by pursuing different methodologies for estimating benefits. Two methodologies, both based on the notion of a disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are adopted. A DALY is a measure of health loss, enabling different forms of morbidity to be compared with premature mortality. We seek to ‘monetise’ DALYs in order to make a direct comparison with the Costs of the policy measures. The first approach addresses health expenditure in the UK and EU, based on the presumption that this expenditure is incurred in order to avoid and treat the causes of DALYs. Health expenditure per DALY is thus a measure of the value of a DALY and this expenditure is avoided by reductions in DALYs due to environmental control. The second approach assigns a willingness-to-pay value to a DALY based on an ‘anchor’ estimate of the ‘value of a statistical life’ (VOSL) and an implied value of a ‘life year’ (VOLY). On the basis of these models we show that while the Costs of REACH could be greater than benefits, the second approach reveals a strong probability that benefits exceed Costs. Since our models explicitly exclude any environmental benefits, we regard our benefit estimates as minima. Overall, our own judgement is that we feel confident that REACH generates net benefits, a result consistent with other partial studies that have been carried out to date.

  • Regulatory assessment for chemicals: a rapid Appraisal Cost–benefit approach
    Environmental Science & Policy, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Pearce, Phoebe Koundouri
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative ‘rapid Appraisal’ methodologies for determining the Costs and benefits of environmental legislation, the focus being the new Chemicals Policy in the European Union (EU) known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We show that a full and rigorous Cost–benefit Appraisal of this legislation is not possible because of informational deficiencies. Hence, some ‘second best’ approach is required. In addition, full Cost–benefit Appraisal is likely to be expensive and impossible to conduct in the near-term. We argue that it is possible to obtain some broad estimates of gains and losses by making reasonable assumptions and by pursuing different methodologies for estimating benefits. Two methodologies, both based on the notion of a disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are adopted. A DALY is a measure of health loss, enabling different forms of morbidity to be compared with premature mortality. We seek to ‘monetise’ DALYs in order to make a direct comparison with the Costs of the policy measures. The first approach addresses health expenditure in the UK and EU, based on the presumption that this expenditure is incurred in order to avoid and treat the causes of DALYs. Health expenditure per DALY is thus a measure of the value of a DALY and this expenditure is avoided by reductions in DALYs due to environmental control. The second approach assigns a willingness-to-pay value to a DALY based on an ‘anchor’ estimate of the ‘value of a statistical life’ (VOSL) and an implied value of a ‘life year’ (VOLY). On the basis of these models we show that while the Costs of REACH could be greater than benefits, the second approach reveals a strong probability that benefits exceed Costs. Since our models explicitly exclude any environmental benefits, we regard our benefit estimates as minima. Overall, our own judgement is that we feel confident that REACH generates net benefits, a result consistent with other partial studies that have been carried out to date.

David Pearce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • regulatory assessment for chemicals a rapid Appraisal Cost benefit approach
    Environmental Science & Policy, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Pearce, Phoebe Koundouri
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative ‘rapid Appraisal’ methodologies for determining the Costs and benefits of environmental legislation, the focus being the new Chemicals Policy in the European Union (EU) known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We show that a full and rigorous Cost–benefit Appraisal of this legislation is not possible because of informational deficiencies. Hence, some ‘second best’ approach is required. In addition, full Cost–benefit Appraisal is likely to be expensive and impossible to conduct in the near-term. We argue that it is possible to obtain some broad estimates of gains and losses by making reasonable assumptions and by pursuing different methodologies for estimating benefits. Two methodologies, both based on the notion of a disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are adopted. A DALY is a measure of health loss, enabling different forms of morbidity to be compared with premature mortality. We seek to ‘monetise’ DALYs in order to make a direct comparison with the Costs of the policy measures. The first approach addresses health expenditure in the UK and EU, based on the presumption that this expenditure is incurred in order to avoid and treat the causes of DALYs. Health expenditure per DALY is thus a measure of the value of a DALY and this expenditure is avoided by reductions in DALYs due to environmental control. The second approach assigns a willingness-to-pay value to a DALY based on an ‘anchor’ estimate of the ‘value of a statistical life’ (VOSL) and an implied value of a ‘life year’ (VOLY). On the basis of these models we show that while the Costs of REACH could be greater than benefits, the second approach reveals a strong probability that benefits exceed Costs. Since our models explicitly exclude any environmental benefits, we regard our benefit estimates as minima. Overall, our own judgement is that we feel confident that REACH generates net benefits, a result consistent with other partial studies that have been carried out to date.

  • Regulatory assessment for chemicals: a rapid Appraisal Cost–benefit approach
    Environmental Science & Policy, 2004
    Co-Authors: David Pearce, Phoebe Koundouri
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explore alternative ‘rapid Appraisal’ methodologies for determining the Costs and benefits of environmental legislation, the focus being the new Chemicals Policy in the European Union (EU) known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals). We show that a full and rigorous Cost–benefit Appraisal of this legislation is not possible because of informational deficiencies. Hence, some ‘second best’ approach is required. In addition, full Cost–benefit Appraisal is likely to be expensive and impossible to conduct in the near-term. We argue that it is possible to obtain some broad estimates of gains and losses by making reasonable assumptions and by pursuing different methodologies for estimating benefits. Two methodologies, both based on the notion of a disability-adjusted life year (DALY), are adopted. A DALY is a measure of health loss, enabling different forms of morbidity to be compared with premature mortality. We seek to ‘monetise’ DALYs in order to make a direct comparison with the Costs of the policy measures. The first approach addresses health expenditure in the UK and EU, based on the presumption that this expenditure is incurred in order to avoid and treat the causes of DALYs. Health expenditure per DALY is thus a measure of the value of a DALY and this expenditure is avoided by reductions in DALYs due to environmental control. The second approach assigns a willingness-to-pay value to a DALY based on an ‘anchor’ estimate of the ‘value of a statistical life’ (VOSL) and an implied value of a ‘life year’ (VOLY). On the basis of these models we show that while the Costs of REACH could be greater than benefits, the second approach reveals a strong probability that benefits exceed Costs. Since our models explicitly exclude any environmental benefits, we regard our benefit estimates as minima. Overall, our own judgement is that we feel confident that REACH generates net benefits, a result consistent with other partial studies that have been carried out to date.

Andrea Schiffauerova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quality Cost of material procurement in construction projects
    Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, 2018
    Co-Authors: Rema Sawan, Jwen Fai Low, Andrea Schiffauerova
    Abstract:

    Material procurement constitutes a large share of the overall Cost of construction projects. Understanding the factors influencing the Cost of quality (COQ) in the procurement process could help identify opportunities for lowering quality Cost without compromising quality. The paper aims to discuss these issues.,In this paper, a COQ model for the construction material procurement process is developed using the traditional prevention–Appraisal–failure (PAF) approach. Using data from a $4bn aluminum smelter construction project, the authors conducted a simulation of the COQ model to evaluate various quality assurance policies.,This paper confirms that raising the prevention Cost leads to a drop in failure Cost as well as COQ for the project studied. While the authors are unable to provide blanket recommendations as the results are derived from a single project case study, it does suggest that construction material procurement processes would benefit from a higher prevention expenditure. And for certain cases where the authors observe a deviation from the traditional Juran’s model of COQ – the high Appraisal Cost in the procurement process – reduction of Appraisal expenditure may in fact be more beneficial than its increase.,The research results suggest that Appraisal expenditure should be tailored to each purchase order in order to maximize the total benefits. Additionally, this paper presents the first COQ model developed for the construction material procurement process. Another unique feature of the model is its inclusion of supplier-side Costs, which are excluded in the conventional COQ analysis.

Norman G. Einspruch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The relationship between quality and quality Cost for a manufacturing company
    International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 2004
    Co-Authors: Vincent K. Omachonu, Sakesun Suthummanon, Norman G. Einspruch
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the components of quality Cost (internal failure, external failure, Appraisal Cost, and prevention Cost) in the context of two key manufacturing inputs, materials and machines; the concept is also explained for the company as a whole. The purpose of this research is to analyze the variables that impact quality in a manufacturing environment. There are three major findings in this research. First, there is an inverse relationship between Appraisal Cost plus prevention Cost and failure Cost. Second, the relationship between Appraisal Cost plus prevention Cost and quality is positive. Finally, failure Cost is negatively correlated with quality. This analysis also revealed a strong relationship between Appraisal Cost plus prevention Cost and quality for material input, machine input, and the company. The results indicate that as the Appraisal Cost plus the prevention Cost increases, quality improves and failure Cost decreases.

Yutian Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Improving managerial capacity and economic viability in Chinese wool textile mills
    2009
    Co-Authors: Colin G. Brown, Waldron Scott, John W. Longworth, Yutian Zhao
    Abstract:

    The successful restructuring of Chinese industries is of immense importance not only for the continued development of China but also to the stability of the world economy. The transformation of the Chinese wool textile industry illustrates well the many problems and pressures currently facing most Chinese industries.The Chinese wool textile industry has undergone major upheaval and restructuring in its drive to modernize and take advantage of developments in world textile markets. Macro level ownership and administrative reforms are well advanced as is the uptake of new technology and equipment. However, the changing market and institutional environment also demands an increasing level of sophistication in mill management decisions including product selection, input procurement, product pricing, investment Appraisal, Cost analysis and proactive identification of new market and growth opportunities.This paper outlines a series of analyses that have been integrated into a decision-making model designed to assist mill managers with these decisions. Features of the model include a whole-of-mill approach, a design based on existing mill structures and information systems, and the capacity for the model to be tailored to individual mills. All of these features facilitate the adoption of the model by time and resource constrained managers seeking to maintain the viability of their enterprises in the face of extremely dynamic market conditions.

  • Improving the economic decision making capability and viability of Chinese wool textile mills
    2006
    Co-Authors: Colin G. Brown, John W. Longworth, Scott Waldron, Yutian Zhao
    Abstract:

    The successful restructuring of Chinese industries is of immense importance not only for the continued development of China but also to the stability of the world economy. The transformation of the Chinese wool textile industry illustrates well the many problems and pressures currently facing most Chinese industries. The Chinese wool textile industry has undergone major upheaval and restructuring in its drive to modernize and take advantage of developments in world textile markets. Macro level ownership and administrative reforms are well advanced as is the uptake of new technology and equipment. However, the changing market and institutional environment also demands an increasing level of sophistication in mill management decisions including product selection, input procurement, product pricing, investment Appraisal, Cost analysis and proactive identification of new market and growth opportunities. This paper outlines a series of analyses that have been integrated into a decision-making model designed to assist mill managers with these decisions. Features of the model include a whole-of-mill approach, a design based on existing mill structures and information systems, and the capacity for the model to be tailored to individual mills. All of these features facilitate the adoption of the model by time and resource constrained managers seeking to maintain the viability of their enterprises in the face of extremely dynamic market conditions.