The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Panagiota Dilara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and review of euro 5 passenger car emission factors based on experimental results over various driving Cycles
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Georgios Fontaras, Panagiota Dilara, Vicente Franco, Giorgio Martini, Urbano ManfrediAbstract:The emissions of CO2 and regulated pollutants (NOx, HC, CO, PM) of thirteen Euro 5 compliant passenger cars (seven gasoline, six Diesel) were measured on a chassis dynamometer. The vehicles were driven repeatedly over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) and the more dynamic WMTC and CADC driving Cycles. Distance-specific emission factors were derived for each pollutant and sub-Cycle, and these were subsequently compared to the corresponding emission factors provided by the reference European models used for vehicle emission inventory compilation (COPERT and HBEFA) and put in context with the applicable European emission limits. The measured emissions stayed below the legal emission limits when the type-Approval Cycle (NEDC) was used. Over the more dynamic Cycles (considered more representative of real-world driving) the emissions were consistently higher but in most cases remained below the type-Approval limit. The high NOx emissions of Diesel vehicles under real-world driving conditions remain the main cause for environmental concern regarding the emission profile of Euro 5 passenger cars. Measured emissions of NOx exceeded the type-Approval limits (up to 5 times in extreme cases) and presented significantly increased average values (0.35 g/km for urban driving and 0.56 g/km for motorway driving). The comparison with the reference models showed good correlation in all cases, a positive finding considering the importance of these tools in emission monitoring and policy-making processes.
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Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Atmospheric Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Marina Kousoulidou, Pierre Bonnel, Georgios Fontaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Zissis Samaras, Panagiota DilaraAbstract:This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-Approval Cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.
Georgios Fontaras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and review of euro 5 passenger car emission factors based on experimental results over various driving Cycles
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Georgios Fontaras, Panagiota Dilara, Vicente Franco, Giorgio Martini, Urbano ManfrediAbstract:The emissions of CO2 and regulated pollutants (NOx, HC, CO, PM) of thirteen Euro 5 compliant passenger cars (seven gasoline, six Diesel) were measured on a chassis dynamometer. The vehicles were driven repeatedly over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) and the more dynamic WMTC and CADC driving Cycles. Distance-specific emission factors were derived for each pollutant and sub-Cycle, and these were subsequently compared to the corresponding emission factors provided by the reference European models used for vehicle emission inventory compilation (COPERT and HBEFA) and put in context with the applicable European emission limits. The measured emissions stayed below the legal emission limits when the type-Approval Cycle (NEDC) was used. Over the more dynamic Cycles (considered more representative of real-world driving) the emissions were consistently higher but in most cases remained below the type-Approval limit. The high NOx emissions of Diesel vehicles under real-world driving conditions remain the main cause for environmental concern regarding the emission profile of Euro 5 passenger cars. Measured emissions of NOx exceeded the type-Approval limits (up to 5 times in extreme cases) and presented significantly increased average values (0.35 g/km for urban driving and 0.56 g/km for motorway driving). The comparison with the reference models showed good correlation in all cases, a positive finding considering the importance of these tools in emission monitoring and policy-making processes.
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Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Atmospheric Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Marina Kousoulidou, Pierre Bonnel, Georgios Fontaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Zissis Samaras, Panagiota DilaraAbstract:This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-Approval Cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.
Urbano Manfredi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development and review of euro 5 passenger car emission factors based on experimental results over various driving Cycles
Science of The Total Environment, 2014Co-Authors: Georgios Fontaras, Panagiota Dilara, Vicente Franco, Giorgio Martini, Urbano ManfrediAbstract:The emissions of CO2 and regulated pollutants (NOx, HC, CO, PM) of thirteen Euro 5 compliant passenger cars (seven gasoline, six Diesel) were measured on a chassis dynamometer. The vehicles were driven repeatedly over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) and the more dynamic WMTC and CADC driving Cycles. Distance-specific emission factors were derived for each pollutant and sub-Cycle, and these were subsequently compared to the corresponding emission factors provided by the reference European models used for vehicle emission inventory compilation (COPERT and HBEFA) and put in context with the applicable European emission limits. The measured emissions stayed below the legal emission limits when the type-Approval Cycle (NEDC) was used. Over the more dynamic Cycles (considered more representative of real-world driving) the emissions were consistently higher but in most cases remained below the type-Approval limit. The high NOx emissions of Diesel vehicles under real-world driving conditions remain the main cause for environmental concern regarding the emission profile of Euro 5 passenger cars. Measured emissions of NOx exceeded the type-Approval limits (up to 5 times in extreme cases) and presented significantly increased average values (0.35 g/km for urban driving and 0.56 g/km for motorway driving). The comparison with the reference models showed good correlation in all cases, a positive finding considering the importance of these tools in emission monitoring and policy-making processes.
Marina Kousoulidou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Atmospheric Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Marina Kousoulidou, Pierre Bonnel, Georgios Fontaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Zissis Samaras, Panagiota DilaraAbstract:This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-Approval Cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.
Pierre Bonnel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Use of portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) for the development and validation of passenger car emission factors
Atmospheric Environment, 2013Co-Authors: Marina Kousoulidou, Pierre Bonnel, Georgios Fontaras, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Zissis Samaras, Panagiota DilaraAbstract:This paper discusses the development and validation of passenger car emission factors, using real world operation data. In total, six passenger cars of different technologies were studied. The tested vehicles were operated under various driving conditions and over two different routes in the region of Lombardia, Italy. These routes were specifically defined in order to provide a range of driving conditions, including urban, rural and highway driving. Tailpipe emissions and exhaust gas flows were measured on-board the vehicle, using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). In addition, all vehicles were tested over the European type-Approval driving Cycle (NEDC) with the same PEMS equipment. The testing of gasoline vehicles showed that emissions are well below the emission standards and do not raise any concern. However, the testing of diesel vehicles both under real-world driving conditions and over the NEDC brought to the surface important concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern diesel vehicles, since they seem to comply with the corresponding emission standard over the type-Approval Cycle, but they constantly exceed the specified limit when tested under real-world driving conditions. Results from real-world operation revealed that there is a significant deviation from the NOx emission standard limit (especially for the newly introduced Euro 5 technology). These observations raise concerns regarding the actual NOx emissions of modern vehicles and their impact on urban air-quality. The emission factors originally measured on the road are also compared to the corresponding COPERT average speed emission factors. In general, emissions of CO2, THC and CO correlate fairly well with COPERT, for all vehicles. In the case of NOx emissions, emission levels of the two tested Euro 5 diesel passenger cars are consistently higher in urban, rural, and highway driving compared to the corresponding COPERT emission factor. Thus, leading to the conclusion that more experimental data are necessary, especially for post-Euro 4 compliant diesel vehicles of different engine capacities particularly when it comes to NOx emissions from diesel vehicles.