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Alan L Robin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • short term efficacy of Apraclonidine hydrochloride added to maximum tolerated medical therapy for glaucoma
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Alan L Robin, Robert Ritch, D Shin, B Smythe, T Mundorf, R P Lehmann
    Abstract:

    Purpose We determined whether the addition of topical Apraclonidine hydrochloride to eyes that are receiving maximal medical therapy but still have inadequate intraocular pressure control and that are scheduled to undergo surgery could adequately decrease intraocular pressure, postponing the need for further intervention. Methods We performed a prospective, 90-day, multicentered, placebo-controlled, double-masked parallel study. We enrolled one eye each of 174 glaucoma patients with inadequate intraocular pressure control who were on maximally tolerated medical therapy. We continued to administer maximum medical therapy for glaucoma. Study medications were either Apraclonidine hydrochloride 0.5% or placebo (Apraclonidine's vehicle). Patients were instructed to take the study medication every eight hours. We measured intraocular pressure, change in intraocular pressure from baseline, and the number of eyes requiring surgery after the addition of study medication. Results Fifty-two (60%) of 86 patients treated with Apraclonidine maintained adequate intraocular pressure control throughout the study and avoided surgery, compared with 28 (32%) of 88 patients treated with placebo (P Conclusion Apraclonidine appeared to be safe in all eyes and efficacious in some eyes. It significantly lowered intraocular pressure when used in combination with maximally tolerated medical therapy, which delayed or prevented further glaucoma surgery for at least 90 days in 52 (60%) of 86 treated patients.

  • topical Apraclonidine hydrochloride in eyes with poorly controlled glaucoma the Apraclonidine maximum tolerated medical therapy study group
    Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, 1995
    Co-Authors: Alan L Robin, R Ritch, D Shin, B Smythe, T Mundorf, R P Lehmann
    Abstract:

    Abstract OBJECT: We determined whether the addition of topical Apraclonidine hydrochloride to eyes receiving maximal medical therapy, with inadequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control, and scheduled to undergo surgery, could adequately lower IOP, postponing the need for surgical intervention. DESIGN: A prospective 90 day, multi-centered, placebo-controlled, doublemasked parallel study. PATIENTS: We enrolled 174 glaucoma patients with inadequate IOP control on maximally tolerated medical therapy. All were candidates for either laser trabeculoplasty or invasive surgical intervention. We enrolled only one eye per patient. INTERVENTIONS: We continued to administer maximum-tolerated medical therapy for glaucoma. Patients took the study medication every eight hours. Study medications were either Apraclonidine hydrochloride 0.5% or placebo (Apraclonidine's vehicle). MAJOR OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated IOP, IOP change from baseline, and the number of eyes requiring surgery after the addition of study medication. RESULTS: Sixty one percent of patients treated with Apraclonidine maintained adequate IOP control throughout the study, avoiding additional surgery compared to 33.9% patients treated with placebo (P or = 20% reduction in IOP from baseline (resulting in an IOP < or = 20 mm Hg) (P < 0.05). The most common ocular complications were conjunctival hyperemia (12.6%), itching and foreign body sensation (6.8%), and tearing (4.5%). The most frequent non-ocular adverse events related to Apraclonidine were dry mouth (4.5%) and unusual taste perception (2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Apraclonidine appears safe and efficacious. It significantly lowered IOP when used in combination with a patient's maximum tolerated medical therapy. This delayed or prevented further glaucoma surgery for at least 90 days in approximately 60% of treated patients.

  • effect of topical Apraclonidine on the frequency of intraocular pressure elevations after combined extracapsular cataract extraction and trabeculectomy
    Ophthalmology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Alan L Robin
    Abstract:

    Purpose: A trabeculectomy is frequently combined with extracapsular cataract surgery to minimize the risks of further optic nerve damage associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after cataract surgery in eyes with glaucoma. Acute IOP elevations still occur after this combined surgery. The author evaluated the efficacy of 1 topical Apraclonidine, a relatively selective α 2 agonist, in minimizing this complication. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-masked study compared topical 1 Apraclonidine with placebo. All eyes underwent otherwise uncomplicated combined trabeculectomy and extracapsular cataract surgery. They received the appropriate study drug before, immediately after, and 12 hours after surgery. Intraocular pressures were measured 24 hours and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery. Results: One hundred nine eyes (of 109 patients) underwent combined surgery. Fifty-nine received placebo. Preoperative mean IOPs were 22.5 + 4.2 mmHg for eyes treated with placebo and 24.0 ± 7.7 mmHg for eyes treated with Apraclonidine. Twentyfour hours after surgery, mean IOPs were 23.1 ± 17.4 mmHg for placebo-treated eyes and 11.6 ± 11.3 mmHg for Apraclonidine-treated eyes ( P P Conclusions: Apraclonidine effectively decreased large IOP elevations in glaucomatous eyes undergoing trabeculectomy combined with extracapsular cataract surgery.

  • reformulation and drop size of Apraclonidine hydrochloride
    American Journal of Ophthalmology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Mark J Vocci, Alan L Robin, Cheryl Enger, John C Wahl, Phil Mayer, Adrienne Graves, Billie M York, James Sutton
    Abstract:

    We performed a prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled, six-period, cross-over study in which normal subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and compared three different formulations of Apraclonidine hydrochloride (the present commercially available formulation, and formulations with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or lysolecithin). We also evaluated the efficacy of a 16-microliters and 30-microliters drop size. The magnitude and duration of decrease in intraocular pressure was comparable for all formulations. Most subjects tolerated all formulations well with only a few reporting any side effects. The best-tolerated formulation was 0.5% Apraclonidine hydrochloride delivered with a 16-microliters drop size. Dry mouth developed frequently with the commercially available 1% Apraclonidine solution. Blurred vision complicated the use of the formulation containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Both dry mouth (P less than .05) and blurred vision (P = .004) were statistically significant side effects.

  • effects of topical flurbiprofen on the intraocular pressure lowering effects of Apraclonidine and timolol
    Archives of Ophthalmology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Michael E Sulewski, Alan L Robin, Howard L Cummings, Lawrence M Arkin
    Abstract:

    • We performed a prospective study that evaluated whether pretreatment with topical flurbiprofen alters the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of either topical 1% Apraclonidine hydrochloride or 0.5% timolol maleate. Eighteen normal volunteers participated in this six-armed, randomized, double-masked, crossover study. All subjects received the first study medication, either bilateral 0.3% flurbiprofen or placebo (its vehicle), every 30 minutes for four applications. They next received the second study medication: either 0.5% timolol maleate (Timoptic), 1% Apraclonidine hydrochloride, or placebo in both eyes. We measured IOP before the instillation of the first study medication and the second study medication (baseline), and then at 1, 3, and 6 hours later. All subjects underwent all six treatment arms. Flurbiprofen alone had no effect on IOP. Maximum IOP lowering occurred between 3 and 6 hours after timolol and Apraclonidine administration. There was no difference in IOP lowering between timolol- and Apraclonidine-treated eyes. Pretreatment with flurbiprofen did not affect the IOP lowering that was obtained with timolol or Apraclonidine administration.

Teresa C Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • brimonidine 0 15 versus Apraclonidine 0 5 for prevention of intraocular pressure elevation after anterior segment laser surgery
    Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, 2005
    Co-Authors: Teresa C Chen
    Abstract:

    Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of brimonidine 0.15% with those of Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after anterior segment laser surgery. Setting Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Glaucoma Service, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Methods This double-masked randomized trial 80 eyes of 80 patients who had laser peripheral iridotomy, argon laser trabeculoplasty, or neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy. Eyes received 1 drop of brimonidine 0.15% or Apraclonidine 0.5% before laser surgery. Intraocular pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before laser surgery and at 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week after laser surgery. Results Before laser treatment, 41 patients received brimonidine 0.15% and 39 received Apraclonidine 0.5%. Thirteen (31.7%) patients in the brimonidine group and 11 (28.2%) in the Apraclonidine group had postoperative IOP elevations of 5 mm Hg or more (P = .5). Four patients (9.8%) in the brimonidine group and 3 (7.7%) in the Apraclonidine group had IOP increases of 10 mm Hg or more (P = .5). There were no statistically significant changes in mean heart rate or blood pressure in either group except a slight reduction in diastolic blood pressure at 1 hour in the brimonidine group (−4.7 ± 9.2 mm Hg) compared with that in the Apraclonidine group (−0.1 ± 9.1 mm Hg) (P = .01). No clinically significant side effects were noted in either group. Conclusion A single preoperative drop of brimonidine 0.15% had similar efficacy and safety as Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing IOP elevations immediately after anterior segment laser surgery.

  • brimonidine 0 2 versus Apraclonidine 0 5 for prevention of intraocular pressure elevations after anterior segment laser surgery
    Ophthalmology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Teresa C Chen, Robert T Ang, Cynthia L Grosskreutz, Louis R Pasquale, Joseph T Fan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% with Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after anterior segment laser surgery. Design Double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Participants Sixty-six patients underwent either laser peripheral iridotomy, argon laser trabeculoplasty, or neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser capsulotomy. Intervention Eyes received either one drop of brimonidine 0.2% or Apraclonidine 0.5% before laser surgery. Main outcome measures Intraocular pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before laser surgery and at 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week after laser surgery. Results Before the laser treatment, 33 patients (50.0%) received brimonidine 0.2% and 33 patients (50.0%) received Apraclonidine 0.5%. Eight of 33 patients (24.2%) in the brimonidine-treated group and 9 of 33 patients (27.3%) in the Apraclonidine group had postoperative IOP increases of 5 mmHg or more. This was not statistically different ( P = 0.80). By the time of last follow-up examination, 3 of 33 patients (9.1%) in the brimonidine-treated group and 3 of 33 patients (9.1%) in the Apraclonidine group had IOP increases of 10 mmHg or more. This was also not statistically different ( P ≥ 0.95). The mean IOP reduction from baseline in the brimonidine group (−2.8 ± 2.8 mmHg) was not statistically different ( P = 0.55) compared with the mean IOP reduction in the Apraclonidine group (−3.6 ± 3.3 mmHg). There were no statistically significant changes in mean heart rate or blood pressure in either group except for a slight reduction in diastolic blood pressure at 1 hour ( P = 0.005) in the brimonidine group (−5.2 ± 7.4 mmHg) compared with the Apraclonidine group (−0.2 ± 6.4 mmHg). There were no clinically significant side effects noted in either group. Conclusions A single preoperative drop of brimonidine 0.2% is as effective as Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing IOP elevation immediately after anterior segment laser surgery.

Lisa F. Rosenberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Apraclonidine and anterior segment laser surgery comparison of 0 5 versus 1 0 Apraclonidine for prevention of postoperative intraocular pressure rise
    Ophthalmology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Lisa F. Rosenberg, Theodore Krupin, Jon M. Ruderman, Lee D Mcdaniel, Carla Siegfried, Diane P Karalekas, Roopinder K Grewal, David K Gieser, Ruth D Williams
    Abstract:

    Purpose: To compare the efficacy of 0.5% and 1.0% Apraclonidine in preventing laser-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation after trabeculoplasty, neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) iridotomy, and capsulotomy. Methods: This is a prospective, masked, and randomized study of 83 patients undergoing trabeculoplasty, 62 patients undergoing iridotomy, and 57 patients undergoing capsulotomy. Surgical eyes received one drop of 0.5% or 1.0% Apraclonidine immediately after surgery. Results: Intraocular pressure reduced 2 hours after trabeculoplasty in the 0.5% ( P = 0.028) and 1.0% ( P = 0.004) groups. Intraocular pressure was higher than baseline in a greater number of eyes treated with 0.5% (12 of 39 eyes, 31%) compared with 1.0% Apraclonidine (5 of 44 eyes, 11 %) ( P = 0.032). Intraocular pressure in eyes with a narrow chamber angle was reduced in 16 (85%) of 19 eyes treated with 0.5% and in 10 (84%) of 12 eyes treated with 1.0% Apraclonidine after iridotomy. Of patients with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, IOP was similar to prelaser values in 11 (69%) of 16 eyes treated with 0.5% ( P > 0.7) and 12 (80%) of 15 eyes treated with 1.0% Apraclonidine ( P > 0.3). In patients undergoing capsulotomy, pressure was significantly lowered in the 0.5% group ( P = 0.04) but not in the 1.0% Apraclonidine group. After capsulotomy, both treatment groups had similar ( P > 0.3) numbers of eyes with an IOP less than baseline (83% for 0.5% Apraclonidine and 81% for 1.0% Apraclonidine). Conclusion: The single postoperative administration of 0.5% Apraclonidine is as effective as the 1.0% concentration in preventing IOP elevation immediately after trabeculoplasty, iridotomy, or capsulotomy.

  • Apraclonidine and Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1992
    Co-Authors: Paul C. Holmwood, R. Donald Chase, Theodore Krupin, Lisa F. Rosenberg, Jon M. Ruderman, Barbara A. Tallman, David E. Brodstein, Hersh Chopra, Mordechai Goldenfeld
    Abstract:

    Sixty patients with medically uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma (intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment regimens with Apraclonidine before undergoing 360-degree argon laser trabeculoplasty. One drop of Apraclonidine 1% was instilled one hour before and immediately after laser treatment in 30 eyes or Apraclonidine was delivered only after trabeculoplasty in 30 eyes. Intraocular pressure before laser treatment, number of anti-glaucoma medications, and the laser treatment settings were comparable between the two groups. The mean and percent change in intraocular pressures were similar in both treatment groups one and two hours after trabeculoplasty. One drop of Apraclonidine 1% instilled immediately after argon laser trabeculoplasty prevented intraocular pressure increase one hour and two hours postoperatively as effectively as its instillation both one hour before and immediately after laser treatment.

Joseph T Fan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • brimonidine 0 2 versus Apraclonidine 0 5 for prevention of intraocular pressure elevations after anterior segment laser surgery
    Ophthalmology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Teresa C Chen, Robert T Ang, Cynthia L Grosskreutz, Louis R Pasquale, Joseph T Fan
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of brimonidine 0.2% with Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations after anterior segment laser surgery. Design Double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Participants Sixty-six patients underwent either laser peripheral iridotomy, argon laser trabeculoplasty, or neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet laser capsulotomy. Intervention Eyes received either one drop of brimonidine 0.2% or Apraclonidine 0.5% before laser surgery. Main outcome measures Intraocular pressure, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured before laser surgery and at 1 hour, 3 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week after laser surgery. Results Before the laser treatment, 33 patients (50.0%) received brimonidine 0.2% and 33 patients (50.0%) received Apraclonidine 0.5%. Eight of 33 patients (24.2%) in the brimonidine-treated group and 9 of 33 patients (27.3%) in the Apraclonidine group had postoperative IOP increases of 5 mmHg or more. This was not statistically different ( P = 0.80). By the time of last follow-up examination, 3 of 33 patients (9.1%) in the brimonidine-treated group and 3 of 33 patients (9.1%) in the Apraclonidine group had IOP increases of 10 mmHg or more. This was also not statistically different ( P ≥ 0.95). The mean IOP reduction from baseline in the brimonidine group (−2.8 ± 2.8 mmHg) was not statistically different ( P = 0.55) compared with the mean IOP reduction in the Apraclonidine group (−3.6 ± 3.3 mmHg). There were no statistically significant changes in mean heart rate or blood pressure in either group except for a slight reduction in diastolic blood pressure at 1 hour ( P = 0.005) in the brimonidine group (−5.2 ± 7.4 mmHg) compared with the Apraclonidine group (−0.2 ± 6.4 mmHg). There were no clinically significant side effects noted in either group. Conclusions A single preoperative drop of brimonidine 0.2% is as effective as Apraclonidine 0.5% in preventing IOP elevation immediately after anterior segment laser surgery.

Dong H. Shin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • efficacy of Apraclonidine 1 versus pilocarpine 4 for prophylaxis of intraocular pressure spike after argon laser trabeculoplasty
    Ophthalmology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jianming Ren, Dong H. Shin, Bernice K. Glover, Hak S Chung, Catherine M Birt, Mark S Juzych, Bret A Hughes, Chaesik Kim
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective The authors compared the efficacy of Apraclonidine 1% versus pilocarpine 4% prophylaxis of post-argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) intraocular pressure (IOP) spike. Design Prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants Two hundred twenty-eight eyes of 228 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma undergoing ALT were studied. Intervention Patients were given 1 drop of either Apraclonidine 1% (n = 114) or pilocarpine 4% (n = 114) 15 minutes before ALT. Main outcome measures Peri-ALT IOPs and incidences of post-ALT IOP spikes at 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours were compared between the two groups. Results The two groups were similar in age, race, and medical dependency. Post-ALT mean IOPs at 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours were significantly lower than pre-ALT mean IOPs in both Apraclonidine ( P P P = 0.076, 0.015, and 0.18 chi-square test). In the Apraclonidine prophylaxis group, patients on long-term Apraclonidine showed significantly higher incidence of post-ALT IOP spike than the patients without such long-term Apraclonidine use (35.7%, 15 of 42 eyes, vs. 12.5%, 9 of 72 eyes; P = 0.003). In addition, peri-ALT pilocarpine prophylaxis tended to be less effective in patients undergoing long-term pilocarpine therapy but without statistical significance (17.4%, 8 of 46 eyes, vs. 9.4%, 6 of 64 eyes; P = 0.17). Conclusion Peri-ALT pilocarpine 4% was at least as effective as, if not more effective than, Apraclonidine 1% in post-ALT IOP spike prophylaxis. Peri-ALT Apraclonidine prophylaxis was not effective in patients on long-term Apraclonidine, and peri-ALT pilocarpine prophylaxis tended to be less effective in patients undergoing long-term pilocarpine therapy. Pilocarpine 4% can be considered as a first-choice drug for post-ALT IOP spike prophylaxis, especially in patients under treatment with Apraclonidine.

  • Long-term brimonidine therapy in glaucoma patients with Apraclonidine allergy.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 1999
    Co-Authors: Dong H. Shin, Bernice K. Glover, Soon C Cha, Yong Y Kim, Chaesik Kim, Khoa D. Nguyen
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To report the use of brimonidine in patients with a documented ocular allergy to Apraclonidine. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, open-label study on the use of long-term brimonidine therapy in 57 patients with chronic glaucoma with documented allergy to Apraclonidine. The study patients were placed on brimonidine tartrate 0.2%, 1 drop three times daily in one or both eyes, either as additive therapy to a medical regimen devoid of Apraclonidine for further lowering of intraocular pressure (25 patients) or as a replacement for Apraclonidine at the time of diagnosis of Apraclonidine ocular allergy for maintenance of intraocular pressure control (32 patients). Clinical symptoms and signs of ocular allergy to brimonidine were monitored for up to 18 months. RESULTS: During the treatment period of up to 18 months, six (10.5%) of 57 patients developed slit-lamp biomicroscopic findings and subjective symptoms of an ocular allergic reaction that led to discontinuation of brimonidine treatment. All six patients developed ocular allergy to topical brimonidine 0.2% during the first 4 months of therapy. The addition of brimonidine 0.2% topical medication or the replacement of Apraclonidine with brimonidine resulted in a significant decrease in mean intraocular pressure from 20.5 ± 5.3 to 16.5 ± 4.2 mm Hg ( P CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ocular allergy after the use of brimonidine 0.2% topical medication for up to 18 months was 10.5% in patients with a documented history of Apraclonidine allergy. Therefore, it is generally safe as well as efficacious to administer brimonidine to patients with an ocular allergy to Apraclonidine.

  • chronic use of Apraclonidine decreases its moderation of post laser intraocular pressure spikes
    Ophthalmology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Hak S Chung, Dong H. Shin, Chaesik Kim, Catherine M Birt, Damho Lee, Darrin S Levin, Roxana Hakimzadeh, Mark S Juzych
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the efficacy of 1.0% Apraclonidine in preventing intraocular pressure (IOP) spike after argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in patients on chronic Apraclonidine therapy compared with patients not on chronic Apraclonidine use. Design: The study design was a prospective study. Participants: This study consisted of 231 consecutive eyes of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma undergoing ALT: 70 eyes (30%) were started on a regimen including chronic Apraclonidine 0.5% use (group A) and 161 eyes (70%) were started on a regimen without chronic Apraclonidine 0.5% use (group B). Intervention: Both groups received one drop of Apraclonidine 1.0% 15 minutes before ALT to 180° of previously untreated trabecular meshwork. Intraocular pressure was measured before the procedure and at 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after the laser treatment. Main Outcome Measures: Incidences of an IOP spike and mean IOPs at 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours after the laser treatment were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis also was carried out to identify the significant risk factors for post-ALT IOP spikes despite prophylactic Apraclonidine 1.0% treatment. Results: The incidences of IOP spikes greater than 0 mmHg, greater than 2 mmHg, and greater than 5 mmHg at 1 hour after ALT were 32.9%, 22.9%, and 12.9%, respectively, in group A versus 13.7%, 11%, and 3.1%, respectively, in group B ( P = 0.0007, P = 0.009, and P = 0.004). Chronic Apraclonidine 0.5% use was found to be the only significant risk factor for IOP spikes at 1 hour after ALT by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The incidences of lOP spikes in group A were significantly greater than in group B and approached the reported incidences of IOP spikes without perilaser Apraclonidine prophylaxis. This indicates that peri-ALT Apraclonidine is relatively ineffective in patients with chronic Apraclonidine 0.5% use (group A) compared with patients without chronic Apraclonidine use (group B), presumably because of saturation of the ocular alpha2 receptors with Apraclonidine in patients with chronic Apraclonidine use. Therefore, in patients receiving chronic Apraclonidine therapy, it is especially important to monitor their post-ALT IOPs and to be prepared to treat postlaser IOP spikes using agents other than Apraclonidine.

  • additive effect of 1 Apraclonidine hydrochloride to nonselective β blockers
    Ophthalmology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Mazin K Yaldo, Dong H. Shin, Kyle A Parrow, Sang H Lee, Sang Y Lee
    Abstract:

    Abstract The short-term additive effect and side effects of adding 1% Apraclonidine hydrochloride to nonselective #-blockers were investigated in 21 patients with ocular hypertension or early primary open-angle glaucoma. After a unilateral single dose application of topical 1 % Apraclonidine hydrochloride, intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate, and interpalpebral distance were measured. The mean IOP of treated eyes showed a decline from a baseline of 20.0 ± 3.0 mmHg to 18.1 ± 3.2 mmHg at 1 hour ( P P P = 0.2). No statistically significant change in the heart rate was seen. The interpalpebral distance of the treated eyes showed a significant increase ( P P = 0.17). The authors conclude that 1 % Apraclonidine hydrochloride provides an additive pressure-lowering effect to nonselective ablockers for at least 12 hours after a single application, and shows promise as a useful adjunctive agent for short-term use in glaucoma therapy.