The Experts below are selected from a list of 27 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
P. Anthony - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Copyright © American Society of Anthology Neuroendocrine Cells in the Human Prostate Gland
2013Co-Authors: P. AnthonyAbstract:O ne prostatic Cell type, whose sole role is regulatory, which produces several different growth regulatory factors, which is abundantly present in all prostates, and which co-proliferates as a malignant epithelial component in most, if not all, prostatic adenocarcinomas has been almost totally ignored until very recently. This Cell is the neuroendocrine (NE) Cell (also known as the endocrineparacrine or APUD Cell) (di Sant’Agnese, I 992a). Neuroendocrine Cells in Normal Prostate Neuroendocrine Cells ofthe prostate are dendritic intraepithelial regulatory Cells with hybrid neural and epithelial characteristics. These Cells occur in all areas ofthe prostate but tend to be more abundant in the major ducts and are more irregularly distributed throughout acinar tissue. Morphologically, NE Cells are ofeither the open (slender apical processes extending to the lumen) or the closed Cell types, both with dendrite-like processes extending underneath and between adjacent epithelial Cells (Abrahamsson et al, 1 986). Ultrastructural studies have described a range ofsecretory granular morphology, suggesting the diversity ofthese Cells (di Sant’Agnese and de Mesy Jensen, 1984). Moreover, NE Cell heterogeneity is also evidenced by different “secretory ” products in these Cells, that is, peptide hormones and biogenic amines. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CgA), serotonin (5-HT), and a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)-like peptide are de
Sidhu G. S. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD Cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature.
2026Co-Authors: Sidhu G. S.Abstract:Twenty-seven small Cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small Cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small Cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD Cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large Cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous Cell carcinoma, and giant Cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small Cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD Cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous Cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of Cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD Cell tumors including small Cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD Cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin
Alfred S Ketcham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
metastatic proclivities and patterns among APUD Cell neoplasms
Seminars in Surgical Oncology, 1993Co-Authors: Frederick L Moffat, Alfred S KetchamAbstract:Neoplasms of APUD Cell origin are quite variable in their metastatic behavior. Whereas pituitary and parathyroid tumors almost never metastasize, all oat Cell lung cancers, malignant melanomas, trabecular carcinomas of the skin and medullary thyroid cancers are capable of dissemination. The metastatic proclivity of individual carcinoids, pancreatic and extrapancreatic islet Cell tumors, and paragangliomas is much less predictable. In particular, there are no reliable histological markers of risk for lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination. The behavior of many carcinoids, islet Cell carcinomas and paragangliomas is relatively indolent, even when metastatic disease is already present. However, unresectable distant metastases, especially liver involvement, connote a poor prognosis. Mortality is more often related to uncontrolled tumor growth and metastasis than to associated endocrinopathies. Curative or debulking surgical resection should be aggressively pursued as recent data show that worthwhile clinical disease-free survival can be realized in at least some patients.
Louwerens J. W. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
APUD Cells in teratomas.
2026Co-Authors: Bosman F. T., Louwerens J. W.Abstract:The origin of the endocrine Cells in the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract is still a matter of debate. In the original concept of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system, all APUD Cells were considered to be derived from the neural crest. More recently it has been proposed that the APUD Cell types of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts originate from neuroendocrine-programmed ectoblast. Still other investigators have reported observations that favor a direct endodermal origin of these Cell types. Based on the assumption that in teratomas different tissue types which in normal embryogenesis are derived from the neuroectoderm might be expected to occur together, we investigated a series of cystic ovarian teratomas and testicular teratocarcinomas for the presence of brain tissue and of different types of APUD Cells. In the ovarian teratomas, intestinal and respiratory APUD Cell types were found almost exclusively without coexistence of brain tissue, whereas melanocytes, which are of neuroectodermal origin, occurred mostly together with brain tissue. In the testicular teratocarcinomas, intestinal types of APUD Cells occurred without brain tissue. Peptide hormone production was found in appropriate tissues. It can therefore be concluded that in teratomas appropriate intestinal and respiratory APUD Cells differentiate in and presumably descend directly from intestinal and respiratory epithelium
Frederick L Moffat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
metastatic proclivities and patterns among APUD Cell neoplasms
Seminars in Surgical Oncology, 1993Co-Authors: Frederick L Moffat, Alfred S KetchamAbstract:Neoplasms of APUD Cell origin are quite variable in their metastatic behavior. Whereas pituitary and parathyroid tumors almost never metastasize, all oat Cell lung cancers, malignant melanomas, trabecular carcinomas of the skin and medullary thyroid cancers are capable of dissemination. The metastatic proclivity of individual carcinoids, pancreatic and extrapancreatic islet Cell tumors, and paragangliomas is much less predictable. In particular, there are no reliable histological markers of risk for lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination. The behavior of many carcinoids, islet Cell carcinomas and paragangliomas is relatively indolent, even when metastatic disease is already present. However, unresectable distant metastases, especially liver involvement, connote a poor prognosis. Mortality is more often related to uncontrolled tumor growth and metastasis than to associated endocrinopathies. Curative or debulking surgical resection should be aggressively pursued as recent data show that worthwhile clinical disease-free survival can be realized in at least some patients.