The Experts below are selected from a list of 102 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Norazian Mohd Hassan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photo activated bacterial DNA-binding active Rutaceous alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers.
    2017
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Arborine, a quinazoline and graveoline, a 4-quinolone are the antimicrobial active Rutaceous alkaloids isolated from Glycosmis pentaphylla and Ruta angustifolia, respectively. Both alkaloids possess chromophore with a few structural similarities with the pharmacophore of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agent. Their bacterial DNA-binding activity was assessed by photo activated DNA binding assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten different restriction enzymes which recognise and cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner were competed by the alkaloids. The DNA binding activity was detected as inhibition of the enzymatic restriction resulting in the detection of uncleaved DNA fragments of the original size. Arborine showed inhibitory activity against the restriction enzymes EcoR I, Pae I and Dra I with the highest intensity of inhibition for Dra I which have 5’-TpA sequence. Graveoline was active against EcoR I, Dra I and Pst I. Ciprofloxacin, the second generation of quinolone antimicrobial agent only the inhibitor of Kpn I and Pst I. The photo activated bacterial DNA-binding activity was in the sequence of Arborine>graveoline>ciprofloxacin. This finding revealed the potential of Arborine and graveoline as lead compounds for future development of quinolone antimicrobial agents in resolving the antibiotic resistance cases which are globally common nowadays in clinical setting.

  • Anti-microbial cream containing Arborine/arborinine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Kausar Ahmad, Norazian Mohd Hassan, Idura Mat Ali, Maryanto
    Abstract:

    Wound infections may endanger the health of a patient if it is untreated. At the site of infection, there may be growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therefore, patients with the infected wounds often had to have a wounded limb removed, or face death from infection. Antimicrobial drugs are normally used to kill the microbes or prevent the growth of the microbes. However, with the development of antimicrobials, many microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous discovered antimicrobial agents. The discovery of medicinal plants containing antimicrobial activity such as Glycosmic pentaphylla(Retz.) DC must further be explored to realise the specific active compounds that could portray antimicrobial activity independently. One of the most commonly used dosage form in drug delivery system is cream. Two cream products using refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein containing Arborine and arborinine, found in G. pentaphylla, were produced.

  • anti microbial cream containing Arborine arborinine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Kausar Ahmad, Idura Mat Ali, Norazian Mohd Hassan
    Abstract:

    Wound infections may endanger the health of a patient if it is untreated. At the site of infection, there may be growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therefore, patients with the infected wounds often had to have a wounded limb removed, or face death from infection. Antimicrobial drugs are normally used to kill the microbes or prevent the growth of the microbes. However, with the development of antimicrobials, many microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous discovered antimicrobial agents. The discovery of medicinal plants containing antimicrobial activity such as Glycosmic pentaphylla(Retz.) DC must further be explored to realise the specific active compounds that could portray antimicrobial activity independently. One of the most commonly used dosage form in drug delivery system is cream. Two cream products using refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein containing Arborine and arborinine, found in G. pentaphylla, were produced.

  • Arborine, a quinazolin-4-one antimicrobial alkaloid from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC
    2010
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Quinazolin-4-one is a type of alkaloid that possesses a chromophore with some structural similarities to that of the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that this type of natural quinazoline alkaloid could also share the same activity as the conventional quinolone agents. These characteristics found a great importance in view to find new structural type in overcoming the emergence of quinolone resistance against some microbes which has been a disturbing feature of microbial infections. In this study the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., a small tree or shrub from the genus Glycosmis of the Rutaceae family were extracted following acid base extraction method to furnish crude alkaloidal extract. The extract was then fractionated by column chromatography and each fraction was screened by using TLC Agar Overlay Bioautographic Assay for antimicrobial active alkaloids against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The active fraction was re-column chromatographed for the isolation of the active alkaloids. This bioassay-guided isolation has afforded Arborine or 2-benzyl-1-methylquinazol-4-one as the active principle. Arborine is a simple substituted quinazolin-4-one which is characteristic alkaloid of G. pentaphylla leaves. Quantitative antimicrobial activity was determined by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution assay. The MIC value of Arborine against the tested microbes ranged between 2000 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml whereas the MBC values against all microbes are above 2000 µg/ml. The results suggested that Arborine may provide a new structural type for synthesizing new quinolone agent and also a natural candidate for antimicrobial combination study.

  • Natural quinolone antimicrobial agents from Malaysian Rutaceous species
    2010
    Co-Authors: Norazian Mohd Hassan, Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Muhamad Zakaria, Khairul Anuar Abdul Karim
    Abstract:

    The overwhelming majority of naturally occurring quinoline alkaloids are anthranilate-derived alkaloids. Various quinoline alkaloids with diverse structural types have been isolated and most of these alkaloids are typical and unique to the Rutaceae plant family. Some of these alkaloids especially which possess 4-oxygenated and 2-substituted 4-quinolone structures have been demonstrated to have promising antimicrobial activity. Three Malaysian Rutaceous species have been investigated for their natural quinolone antimicrobial agents, namely Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers. and Lunasia amara Blanco. Bioassay-guided isolation facilitated by using bioautographic agar overlay assay against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35213 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 as the indicator microbes has led to the isolation of antimicrobial 4-quinozolone, identified as Arborine, a 4-quinolone with the trivial name graveoline and a 2-quinolone namely lunidonine from G. pentaphylla, R. angustifolia and L. amara, respectively. These alkaloids possessed promising antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 125 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml against the tested microbes. Arborine and graveoline showed synergistic antimicrobial effect when tested in combination with ampicillin against E. coli with FIC index of 0.38 for each combination. Because of some structural similarity of these alkaloids with that of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents, the alkaloids are suggested to be the natural quinolone antimicrobial agents which have the same cellular target as the synthetic agents, which is the bacterial DNA. The study on DNA binding ability of these alkaloids is ongoing.

May Khin Soe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photo activated bacterial DNA-binding active Rutaceous alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers.
    2017
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Arborine, a quinazoline and graveoline, a 4-quinolone are the antimicrobial active Rutaceous alkaloids isolated from Glycosmis pentaphylla and Ruta angustifolia, respectively. Both alkaloids possess chromophore with a few structural similarities with the pharmacophore of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agent. Their bacterial DNA-binding activity was assessed by photo activated DNA binding assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten different restriction enzymes which recognise and cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner were competed by the alkaloids. The DNA binding activity was detected as inhibition of the enzymatic restriction resulting in the detection of uncleaved DNA fragments of the original size. Arborine showed inhibitory activity against the restriction enzymes EcoR I, Pae I and Dra I with the highest intensity of inhibition for Dra I which have 5’-TpA sequence. Graveoline was active against EcoR I, Dra I and Pst I. Ciprofloxacin, the second generation of quinolone antimicrobial agent only the inhibitor of Kpn I and Pst I. The photo activated bacterial DNA-binding activity was in the sequence of Arborine>graveoline>ciprofloxacin. This finding revealed the potential of Arborine and graveoline as lead compounds for future development of quinolone antimicrobial agents in resolving the antibiotic resistance cases which are globally common nowadays in clinical setting.

  • Natural quinolone antimicrobial agents from Malaysian Rutaceous species
    2011
    Co-Authors: Mohd Hassan Norazian, Md Taib Nurhaya, Mohd Kamal, Laina Zarisa, Abdul Karim, Khairul Anuar, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Various 4-oxygenated and 2-substituted 4-quinolone alkaloids with diverse structural types have been isolated and were found unique to the Rutaceae plant family. Some of these alkaloids have been demonstrated to have promising antimicrobial activity. These alkaloids possess chromophore with some structural similarities to that of the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that this type of natural quinolone alkaloid could also share the same activity as the conventional agents. Three Malaysian Rutaceous species have been investigated for their natural quinolone antimicrobial agents, namely Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Lunasia amara Blanco and Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers. Bioassay-guided isolation facilitated by using bioautographic agar overlay assay against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35213 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 as the indicator microbes has led to the isolation of antimicrobial 4-quinozolone alkaloid, identified as Arborine, 2-quinolone namely lunidonine and 4-quinolone with the trivial name graveoline from G. pentaphylla, L. amara and R. angustifolia, respectively. These alkaloids possess promising antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging between 125 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml against the tested microbes. Arborine and graveoline showed synergistic antimicrobial effect when tested in combination with ampicillin against E. coli with FIC index of 0.38 for each combination. These results show a great importance in view of finding a new structural type in overcoming the emergence of quinolone resistance against some microbes which has been a disturbing feature of microbial infections

  • Arborine, a quinazolin-4-one antimicrobial alkaloid from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC
    2010
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Quinazolin-4-one is a type of alkaloid that possesses a chromophore with some structural similarities to that of the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that this type of natural quinazoline alkaloid could also share the same activity as the conventional quinolone agents. These characteristics found a great importance in view to find new structural type in overcoming the emergence of quinolone resistance against some microbes which has been a disturbing feature of microbial infections. In this study the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., a small tree or shrub from the genus Glycosmis of the Rutaceae family were extracted following acid base extraction method to furnish crude alkaloidal extract. The extract was then fractionated by column chromatography and each fraction was screened by using TLC Agar Overlay Bioautographic Assay for antimicrobial active alkaloids against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The active fraction was re-column chromatographed for the isolation of the active alkaloids. This bioassay-guided isolation has afforded Arborine or 2-benzyl-1-methylquinazol-4-one as the active principle. Arborine is a simple substituted quinazolin-4-one which is characteristic alkaloid of G. pentaphylla leaves. Quantitative antimicrobial activity was determined by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution assay. The MIC value of Arborine against the tested microbes ranged between 2000 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml whereas the MBC values against all microbes are above 2000 µg/ml. The results suggested that Arborine may provide a new structural type for synthesizing new quinolone agent and also a natural candidate for antimicrobial combination study.

Nurhaya Taib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photo activated bacterial DNA-binding active Rutaceous alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers.
    2017
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Arborine, a quinazoline and graveoline, a 4-quinolone are the antimicrobial active Rutaceous alkaloids isolated from Glycosmis pentaphylla and Ruta angustifolia, respectively. Both alkaloids possess chromophore with a few structural similarities with the pharmacophore of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agent. Their bacterial DNA-binding activity was assessed by photo activated DNA binding assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten different restriction enzymes which recognise and cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner were competed by the alkaloids. The DNA binding activity was detected as inhibition of the enzymatic restriction resulting in the detection of uncleaved DNA fragments of the original size. Arborine showed inhibitory activity against the restriction enzymes EcoR I, Pae I and Dra I with the highest intensity of inhibition for Dra I which have 5’-TpA sequence. Graveoline was active against EcoR I, Dra I and Pst I. Ciprofloxacin, the second generation of quinolone antimicrobial agent only the inhibitor of Kpn I and Pst I. The photo activated bacterial DNA-binding activity was in the sequence of Arborine>graveoline>ciprofloxacin. This finding revealed the potential of Arborine and graveoline as lead compounds for future development of quinolone antimicrobial agents in resolving the antibiotic resistance cases which are globally common nowadays in clinical setting.

  • Arborine, a quinazolin-4-one antimicrobial alkaloid from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC
    2010
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Quinazolin-4-one is a type of alkaloid that possesses a chromophore with some structural similarities to that of the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that this type of natural quinazoline alkaloid could also share the same activity as the conventional quinolone agents. These characteristics found a great importance in view to find new structural type in overcoming the emergence of quinolone resistance against some microbes which has been a disturbing feature of microbial infections. In this study the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., a small tree or shrub from the genus Glycosmis of the Rutaceae family were extracted following acid base extraction method to furnish crude alkaloidal extract. The extract was then fractionated by column chromatography and each fraction was screened by using TLC Agar Overlay Bioautographic Assay for antimicrobial active alkaloids against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The active fraction was re-column chromatographed for the isolation of the active alkaloids. This bioassay-guided isolation has afforded Arborine or 2-benzyl-1-methylquinazol-4-one as the active principle. Arborine is a simple substituted quinazolin-4-one which is characteristic alkaloid of G. pentaphylla leaves. Quantitative antimicrobial activity was determined by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution assay. The MIC value of Arborine against the tested microbes ranged between 2000 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml whereas the MBC values against all microbes are above 2000 µg/ml. The results suggested that Arborine may provide a new structural type for synthesizing new quinolone agent and also a natural candidate for antimicrobial combination study.

  • Natural quinolone antimicrobial agents from Malaysian Rutaceous species
    2010
    Co-Authors: Norazian Mohd Hassan, Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Muhamad Zakaria, Khairul Anuar Abdul Karim
    Abstract:

    The overwhelming majority of naturally occurring quinoline alkaloids are anthranilate-derived alkaloids. Various quinoline alkaloids with diverse structural types have been isolated and most of these alkaloids are typical and unique to the Rutaceae plant family. Some of these alkaloids especially which possess 4-oxygenated and 2-substituted 4-quinolone structures have been demonstrated to have promising antimicrobial activity. Three Malaysian Rutaceous species have been investigated for their natural quinolone antimicrobial agents, namely Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers. and Lunasia amara Blanco. Bioassay-guided isolation facilitated by using bioautographic agar overlay assay against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35213 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 as the indicator microbes has led to the isolation of antimicrobial 4-quinozolone, identified as Arborine, a 4-quinolone with the trivial name graveoline and a 2-quinolone namely lunidonine from G. pentaphylla, R. angustifolia and L. amara, respectively. These alkaloids possessed promising antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 125 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml against the tested microbes. Arborine and graveoline showed synergistic antimicrobial effect when tested in combination with ampicillin against E. coli with FIC index of 0.38 for each combination. Because of some structural similarity of these alkaloids with that of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents, the alkaloids are suggested to be the natural quinolone antimicrobial agents which have the same cellular target as the synthetic agents, which is the bacterial DNA. The study on DNA binding ability of these alkaloids is ongoing.

Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Photo activated bacterial DNA-binding active Rutaceous alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers.
    2017
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Arborine, a quinazoline and graveoline, a 4-quinolone are the antimicrobial active Rutaceous alkaloids isolated from Glycosmis pentaphylla and Ruta angustifolia, respectively. Both alkaloids possess chromophore with a few structural similarities with the pharmacophore of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agent. Their bacterial DNA-binding activity was assessed by photo activated DNA binding assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. Ten different restriction enzymes which recognise and cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner were competed by the alkaloids. The DNA binding activity was detected as inhibition of the enzymatic restriction resulting in the detection of uncleaved DNA fragments of the original size. Arborine showed inhibitory activity against the restriction enzymes EcoR I, Pae I and Dra I with the highest intensity of inhibition for Dra I which have 5’-TpA sequence. Graveoline was active against EcoR I, Dra I and Pst I. Ciprofloxacin, the second generation of quinolone antimicrobial agent only the inhibitor of Kpn I and Pst I. The photo activated bacterial DNA-binding activity was in the sequence of Arborine>graveoline>ciprofloxacin. This finding revealed the potential of Arborine and graveoline as lead compounds for future development of quinolone antimicrobial agents in resolving the antibiotic resistance cases which are globally common nowadays in clinical setting.

  • Arborine, a quinazolin-4-one antimicrobial alkaloid from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC
    2010
    Co-Authors: Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Norazian Mohd Hassan, May Khin Soe
    Abstract:

    Quinazolin-4-one is a type of alkaloid that possesses a chromophore with some structural similarities to that of the pharmacophore of the conventional 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents. Therefore it is presumed that this type of natural quinazoline alkaloid could also share the same activity as the conventional quinolone agents. These characteristics found a great importance in view to find new structural type in overcoming the emergence of quinolone resistance against some microbes which has been a disturbing feature of microbial infections. In this study the leaves of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., a small tree or shrub from the genus Glycosmis of the Rutaceae family were extracted following acid base extraction method to furnish crude alkaloidal extract. The extract was then fractionated by column chromatography and each fraction was screened by using TLC Agar Overlay Bioautographic Assay for antimicrobial active alkaloids against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The active fraction was re-column chromatographed for the isolation of the active alkaloids. This bioassay-guided isolation has afforded Arborine or 2-benzyl-1-methylquinazol-4-one as the active principle. Arborine is a simple substituted quinazolin-4-one which is characteristic alkaloid of G. pentaphylla leaves. Quantitative antimicrobial activity was determined by means of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) using broth microdilution assay. The MIC value of Arborine against the tested microbes ranged between 2000 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml whereas the MBC values against all microbes are above 2000 µg/ml. The results suggested that Arborine may provide a new structural type for synthesizing new quinolone agent and also a natural candidate for antimicrobial combination study.

  • Natural quinolone antimicrobial agents from Malaysian Rutaceous species
    2010
    Co-Authors: Norazian Mohd Hassan, Nurhaya Taib, Laina Zarisa Mohd Kamal, Muhamad Zakaria, Khairul Anuar Abdul Karim
    Abstract:

    The overwhelming majority of naturally occurring quinoline alkaloids are anthranilate-derived alkaloids. Various quinoline alkaloids with diverse structural types have been isolated and most of these alkaloids are typical and unique to the Rutaceae plant family. Some of these alkaloids especially which possess 4-oxygenated and 2-substituted 4-quinolone structures have been demonstrated to have promising antimicrobial activity. Three Malaysian Rutaceous species have been investigated for their natural quinolone antimicrobial agents, namely Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., Ruta angustifolia (L.) Pers. and Lunasia amara Blanco. Bioassay-guided isolation facilitated by using bioautographic agar overlay assay against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35213 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028 as the indicator microbes has led to the isolation of antimicrobial 4-quinozolone, identified as Arborine, a 4-quinolone with the trivial name graveoline and a 2-quinolone namely lunidonine from G. pentaphylla, R. angustifolia and L. amara, respectively. These alkaloids possessed promising antimicrobial activity with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 125 µg/ml and 250 µg/ml against the tested microbes. Arborine and graveoline showed synergistic antimicrobial effect when tested in combination with ampicillin against E. coli with FIC index of 0.38 for each combination. Because of some structural similarity of these alkaloids with that of 4-quinolone antimicrobial agents, the alkaloids are suggested to be the natural quinolone antimicrobial agents which have the same cellular target as the synthetic agents, which is the bacterial DNA. The study on DNA binding ability of these alkaloids is ongoing.

Kausar Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anti-microbial cream containing Arborine/arborinine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Kausar Ahmad, Norazian Mohd Hassan, Idura Mat Ali, Maryanto
    Abstract:

    Wound infections may endanger the health of a patient if it is untreated. At the site of infection, there may be growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therefore, patients with the infected wounds often had to have a wounded limb removed, or face death from infection. Antimicrobial drugs are normally used to kill the microbes or prevent the growth of the microbes. However, with the development of antimicrobials, many microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous discovered antimicrobial agents. The discovery of medicinal plants containing antimicrobial activity such as Glycosmic pentaphylla(Retz.) DC must further be explored to realise the specific active compounds that could portray antimicrobial activity independently. One of the most commonly used dosage form in drug delivery system is cream. Two cream products using refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein containing Arborine and arborinine, found in G. pentaphylla, were produced.

  • anti microbial cream containing Arborine arborinine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Kausar Ahmad, Idura Mat Ali, Norazian Mohd Hassan
    Abstract:

    Wound infections may endanger the health of a patient if it is untreated. At the site of infection, there may be growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, or protozoans. Therefore, patients with the infected wounds often had to have a wounded limb removed, or face death from infection. Antimicrobial drugs are normally used to kill the microbes or prevent the growth of the microbes. However, with the development of antimicrobials, many microorganisms have adapted and become resistant to previous discovered antimicrobial agents. The discovery of medicinal plants containing antimicrobial activity such as Glycosmic pentaphylla(Retz.) DC must further be explored to realise the specific active compounds that could portray antimicrobial activity independently. One of the most commonly used dosage form in drug delivery system is cream. Two cream products using refined, bleached and deodorised palm olein containing Arborine and arborinine, found in G. pentaphylla, were produced.

  • Determination of octanol-water partition coefficients of anti-microbial alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC
    2010
    Co-Authors: Kausar Ahmad, Norazian Mohd Hassan, Idura Mat Ali, Abul Bashar Mohammed Helaluddin, Norhafizah Mansor
    Abstract:

    Octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) values of anti-microbial alkaloids, Arborine and arborinine of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz) DC were determined. The method of extraction by solvents of these alkaloids and the following isolation procedures using column chromatography techniques will adopt those ascertained and established earlier (Norazian, 2006). A shake-flask method was used to determine the octanol-water partition coefficients from (298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15)k. Each compound was dissolved in the octanol to a known concentration and placed in octanol-water system and allowed to equilibrate. The concentration in the octanol phase was then determined by using spectrophotometer. The KOW was calculated as the ratio of the concentration in octanol phase to the concentration in aqueous phase.