The Experts below are selected from a list of 24 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yoko Suda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emx2 and Pax6 function in cooperation with Otx2 and Otx1 to develop caudal forebrain primordium that includes future Archipallium.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Jun Kimura, Miwa Nakamura, Yoko Suda, Zakir Hossain, Daisuke Kurokawa, Maiko Takahashi, Akemi Hara, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:One of the central issues in developmental neurobiology is how the forebrain is organized ontogenetically. The traditional view is that the anterior neuroectoderm first develops into mesencephalic and prosencephalic vesicles; the latter vesicle subsequently develops into the diencephalon and secondary prosencephalon, of which dorsal parts protrude to generate the telencephalon. The diencephalon yields the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus, and the telencephalon produces the Archipallium, neopallium, and ganglionic eminences. By identifying cell descendants that once expressed Emx2 with use of the Cre knock-in mutant into the Emx2 locus and analyzing phenotypes of double mutants between Emx2 and Otx2/Otx1 and between Emx2 and Pax6, we propose that at the 3-6 somite stage, the anterior neuroectoderm develops into three primordia: midbrain, caudal forebrain, and rostral forebrain. The caudal forebrain primordium generates not only the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus but also the Archipallium, cortical hem, choroid plexus, choroidal roof, and eminentia thalami. The primordium corresponds to the Emx2- or Pax6-positive region at the 3-6 somite stage that most probably does not include the future neopallium or commissural plate. Otx2 and Otx1 that are expressed in the entire future forebrain and midbrain cooperate with this Emx2 and Pax6 expression in the development of the caudal forebrain primordium; Emx2 and Pax6 functions are redundant. In the embryonic day 9.5 Emx2-/-Pax6-/- double mutant, the caudal forebrain remained unspecified and subsequently transformed into tectum in a mirror image of the endogenous one.
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Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of Archipallium development.
Mechanisms of development, 2004Co-Authors: Koji Shinozaki, Michio Yoshida, Miwa Nakamura, Shinichi Aizawa, Yoko SudaAbstract:Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of the Drosophila head gap gene, ems. Previously we have reported that the dentate gyrus is affected in Emx2 single mutants, and defects are subtle in Emx1 single mutants. In most of the cortical region Emx1 and Emx2 functions would be redundant. To test this assumption here we examined the Emx1 and Emx2 double mutant phenotype. In the double mutants the Archipallium was transformed into the roof without establishing the signaling center at the cortical hem and without developing the choroid plexus. We propose that Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in generation of the boundary between the roof and Archipallium; these genes develop the Archipallium against the roof. This process probably occurs immediately after the neural tube closure concomitant with the Emx1 expression.
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Emx1 and Emx2 functions in development of dorsal telencephalon
Development (Cambridge England), 1997Co-Authors: Michio Yoshida, Yoko Suda, Isao Matsuo, Norimasa Miyamoto, Naoki Takeda, Shigeru Kuratani, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:The genes Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of a Drosophila head gap gene, empty spiracles, and their expression patterns have suggested their involvement in regional patterning of the forebrain. To define their functions we introduced mutations into these loci. The newborn Emx2 mutants displayed defects in Archipallium structures that are believed to play essential roles in learning, memory and behavior: the dentate gyrus was missing, and the hippocampus and medial limbic cortex were greatly reduced in size. In contrast, defects were subtle in adult Emx1 mutant brain. In the early developing Emx2 mutant forebrain, the evagination of cerebral hemispheres was reduced and the roof between the hemispheres was expanded, suggesting the lateral shift of its boundary. Defects were not apparent, however, in the region where Emx1 expression overlaps that of Emx2, nor was any defect found in the early embryonic forebrain caused by mutation of the Emx1 gene, of which expression principally occurs within the Emx2-positive region. Emx2 most likely delineates the palliochoroidal boundary in the absence of Emx1 expression during early dorsal forebrain patterning. In the more lateral region of telencephalon, Emx2-deficiency may be compensated for by Emx1 and vice versa. Phenotypes of newborn brains also suggest that these genes function in neurogenesis corresponding to their later expressions.
Shinichi Aizawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emx2 and Pax6 function in cooperation with Otx2 and Otx1 to develop caudal forebrain primordium that includes future Archipallium.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Jun Kimura, Miwa Nakamura, Yoko Suda, Zakir Hossain, Daisuke Kurokawa, Maiko Takahashi, Akemi Hara, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:One of the central issues in developmental neurobiology is how the forebrain is organized ontogenetically. The traditional view is that the anterior neuroectoderm first develops into mesencephalic and prosencephalic vesicles; the latter vesicle subsequently develops into the diencephalon and secondary prosencephalon, of which dorsal parts protrude to generate the telencephalon. The diencephalon yields the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus, and the telencephalon produces the Archipallium, neopallium, and ganglionic eminences. By identifying cell descendants that once expressed Emx2 with use of the Cre knock-in mutant into the Emx2 locus and analyzing phenotypes of double mutants between Emx2 and Otx2/Otx1 and between Emx2 and Pax6, we propose that at the 3-6 somite stage, the anterior neuroectoderm develops into three primordia: midbrain, caudal forebrain, and rostral forebrain. The caudal forebrain primordium generates not only the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus but also the Archipallium, cortical hem, choroid plexus, choroidal roof, and eminentia thalami. The primordium corresponds to the Emx2- or Pax6-positive region at the 3-6 somite stage that most probably does not include the future neopallium or commissural plate. Otx2 and Otx1 that are expressed in the entire future forebrain and midbrain cooperate with this Emx2 and Pax6 expression in the development of the caudal forebrain primordium; Emx2 and Pax6 functions are redundant. In the embryonic day 9.5 Emx2-/-Pax6-/- double mutant, the caudal forebrain remained unspecified and subsequently transformed into tectum in a mirror image of the endogenous one.
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Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of Archipallium development.
Mechanisms of development, 2004Co-Authors: Koji Shinozaki, Michio Yoshida, Miwa Nakamura, Shinichi Aizawa, Yoko SudaAbstract:Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of the Drosophila head gap gene, ems. Previously we have reported that the dentate gyrus is affected in Emx2 single mutants, and defects are subtle in Emx1 single mutants. In most of the cortical region Emx1 and Emx2 functions would be redundant. To test this assumption here we examined the Emx1 and Emx2 double mutant phenotype. In the double mutants the Archipallium was transformed into the roof without establishing the signaling center at the cortical hem and without developing the choroid plexus. We propose that Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in generation of the boundary between the roof and Archipallium; these genes develop the Archipallium against the roof. This process probably occurs immediately after the neural tube closure concomitant with the Emx1 expression.
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Emx1 and Emx2 functions in development of dorsal telencephalon
Development (Cambridge England), 1997Co-Authors: Michio Yoshida, Yoko Suda, Isao Matsuo, Norimasa Miyamoto, Naoki Takeda, Shigeru Kuratani, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:The genes Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of a Drosophila head gap gene, empty spiracles, and their expression patterns have suggested their involvement in regional patterning of the forebrain. To define their functions we introduced mutations into these loci. The newborn Emx2 mutants displayed defects in Archipallium structures that are believed to play essential roles in learning, memory and behavior: the dentate gyrus was missing, and the hippocampus and medial limbic cortex were greatly reduced in size. In contrast, defects were subtle in adult Emx1 mutant brain. In the early developing Emx2 mutant forebrain, the evagination of cerebral hemispheres was reduced and the roof between the hemispheres was expanded, suggesting the lateral shift of its boundary. Defects were not apparent, however, in the region where Emx1 expression overlaps that of Emx2, nor was any defect found in the early embryonic forebrain caused by mutation of the Emx1 gene, of which expression principally occurs within the Emx2-positive region. Emx2 most likely delineates the palliochoroidal boundary in the absence of Emx1 expression during early dorsal forebrain patterning. In the more lateral region of telencephalon, Emx2-deficiency may be compensated for by Emx1 and vice versa. Phenotypes of newborn brains also suggest that these genes function in neurogenesis corresponding to their later expressions.
Michio Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of Archipallium development.
Mechanisms of development, 2004Co-Authors: Koji Shinozaki, Michio Yoshida, Miwa Nakamura, Shinichi Aizawa, Yoko SudaAbstract:Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of the Drosophila head gap gene, ems. Previously we have reported that the dentate gyrus is affected in Emx2 single mutants, and defects are subtle in Emx1 single mutants. In most of the cortical region Emx1 and Emx2 functions would be redundant. To test this assumption here we examined the Emx1 and Emx2 double mutant phenotype. In the double mutants the Archipallium was transformed into the roof without establishing the signaling center at the cortical hem and without developing the choroid plexus. We propose that Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in generation of the boundary between the roof and Archipallium; these genes develop the Archipallium against the roof. This process probably occurs immediately after the neural tube closure concomitant with the Emx1 expression.
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Emx1 and Emx2 functions in development of dorsal telencephalon
Development (Cambridge England), 1997Co-Authors: Michio Yoshida, Yoko Suda, Isao Matsuo, Norimasa Miyamoto, Naoki Takeda, Shigeru Kuratani, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:The genes Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of a Drosophila head gap gene, empty spiracles, and their expression patterns have suggested their involvement in regional patterning of the forebrain. To define their functions we introduced mutations into these loci. The newborn Emx2 mutants displayed defects in Archipallium structures that are believed to play essential roles in learning, memory and behavior: the dentate gyrus was missing, and the hippocampus and medial limbic cortex were greatly reduced in size. In contrast, defects were subtle in adult Emx1 mutant brain. In the early developing Emx2 mutant forebrain, the evagination of cerebral hemispheres was reduced and the roof between the hemispheres was expanded, suggesting the lateral shift of its boundary. Defects were not apparent, however, in the region where Emx1 expression overlaps that of Emx2, nor was any defect found in the early embryonic forebrain caused by mutation of the Emx1 gene, of which expression principally occurs within the Emx2-positive region. Emx2 most likely delineates the palliochoroidal boundary in the absence of Emx1 expression during early dorsal forebrain patterning. In the more lateral region of telencephalon, Emx2-deficiency may be compensated for by Emx1 and vice versa. Phenotypes of newborn brains also suggest that these genes function in neurogenesis corresponding to their later expressions.
Koji Shinozaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of Archipallium development.
Mechanisms of development, 2004Co-Authors: Koji Shinozaki, Michio Yoshida, Miwa Nakamura, Shinichi Aizawa, Yoko SudaAbstract:Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of the Drosophila head gap gene, ems. Previously we have reported that the dentate gyrus is affected in Emx2 single mutants, and defects are subtle in Emx1 single mutants. In most of the cortical region Emx1 and Emx2 functions would be redundant. To test this assumption here we examined the Emx1 and Emx2 double mutant phenotype. In the double mutants the Archipallium was transformed into the roof without establishing the signaling center at the cortical hem and without developing the choroid plexus. We propose that Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in generation of the boundary between the roof and Archipallium; these genes develop the Archipallium against the roof. This process probably occurs immediately after the neural tube closure concomitant with the Emx1 expression.
Miwa Nakamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emx2 and Pax6 function in cooperation with Otx2 and Otx1 to develop caudal forebrain primordium that includes future Archipallium.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2005Co-Authors: Jun Kimura, Miwa Nakamura, Yoko Suda, Zakir Hossain, Daisuke Kurokawa, Maiko Takahashi, Akemi Hara, Shinichi AizawaAbstract:One of the central issues in developmental neurobiology is how the forebrain is organized ontogenetically. The traditional view is that the anterior neuroectoderm first develops into mesencephalic and prosencephalic vesicles; the latter vesicle subsequently develops into the diencephalon and secondary prosencephalon, of which dorsal parts protrude to generate the telencephalon. The diencephalon yields the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus, and the telencephalon produces the Archipallium, neopallium, and ganglionic eminences. By identifying cell descendants that once expressed Emx2 with use of the Cre knock-in mutant into the Emx2 locus and analyzing phenotypes of double mutants between Emx2 and Otx2/Otx1 and between Emx2 and Pax6, we propose that at the 3-6 somite stage, the anterior neuroectoderm develops into three primordia: midbrain, caudal forebrain, and rostral forebrain. The caudal forebrain primordium generates not only the pretectum, thalamus, and prethalamus but also the Archipallium, cortical hem, choroid plexus, choroidal roof, and eminentia thalami. The primordium corresponds to the Emx2- or Pax6-positive region at the 3-6 somite stage that most probably does not include the future neopallium or commissural plate. Otx2 and Otx1 that are expressed in the entire future forebrain and midbrain cooperate with this Emx2 and Pax6 expression in the development of the caudal forebrain primordium; Emx2 and Pax6 functions are redundant. In the embryonic day 9.5 Emx2-/-Pax6-/- double mutant, the caudal forebrain remained unspecified and subsequently transformed into tectum in a mirror image of the endogenous one.
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Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in initial phase of Archipallium development.
Mechanisms of development, 2004Co-Authors: Koji Shinozaki, Michio Yoshida, Miwa Nakamura, Shinichi Aizawa, Yoko SudaAbstract:Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of the Drosophila head gap gene, ems. Previously we have reported that the dentate gyrus is affected in Emx2 single mutants, and defects are subtle in Emx1 single mutants. In most of the cortical region Emx1 and Emx2 functions would be redundant. To test this assumption here we examined the Emx1 and Emx2 double mutant phenotype. In the double mutants the Archipallium was transformed into the roof without establishing the signaling center at the cortical hem and without developing the choroid plexus. We propose that Emx1 and Emx2 cooperate in generation of the boundary between the roof and Archipallium; these genes develop the Archipallium against the roof. This process probably occurs immediately after the neural tube closure concomitant with the Emx1 expression.