The Experts below are selected from a list of 189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Amelia Acker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metadata, infrastructure, and computer-mediated communication in historical perspective
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the creation and use of metadata on the early Arpanet as part of normal network function. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure can be studied by examining the creation and stabilization of metadata. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol's sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata simultaneously. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol, we argue for the further integrated study of infrastructure and metadata. Finally, we reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locate data throughout an infrastructure and are required by the infrastructure to function, separating them from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks, bridging the largely library and information science LIS study of metadata with the largely science and technology studies STS domain of infrastructure.
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metadata and infrastructure in internet history sockets in the Arpanet host host protocol
Association for Information Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the generation and utilization of metadata as part of normal network function on the early Arpanet. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure cannot be studied without examining the creation and stabilization of metadata standards. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol’s sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol and a key application built atop it, Telnet, we illustrate the necessity of studying infrastructure and metadata in tandem. Finally, we draw on Esveld (1990) to reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locates data throughout an infrastructure and is required by the infrastructure to function, separating it from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks.
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ASIST - Metadata and Infrastructure in Internet History: Sockets in the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol
Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the generation and utilization of metadata as part of normal network function on the early Arpanet. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure cannot be studied without examining the creation and stabilization of metadata standards. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol’s sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol and a key application built atop it, Telnet, we illustrate the necessity of studying infrastructure and metadata in tandem. Finally, we draw on Esveld (1990) to reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locates data throughout an infrastructure and is required by the infrastructure to function, separating it from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks.
Schafer Valerie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arpanet, toute une histoire...
2020Co-Authors: Schafer ValerieAbstract:Le lecteur pourra non seulement suivre l’évolution du traitement de l’histoire d’Arpanet − et en filigrane la manière dont celle de l’informatique et du numérique a connu des tournants, mais aussi peut-être poursuivre par la lecture des auteurs cités un parcours qui sort des narrations linéaires et témoigne de la complexité de l’histoire d’Arpanet et de son actualité
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Arpanet (1969-2019)
2019Co-Authors: Paloque-bergès Camille, Schafer ValerieAbstract:Arpanet’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its history and is still a landmark in this area. However, the 50th anniversary of Arpanet provides an opportunity to reflect on existing histories and to open up the debate to new perspectives and approaches. If we consider Arpanet as a first step towards the Internet, how did it determine – and how does it continue to determine – our current understanding of the Internet? What is left to explore and discover in Arpanet’s history? And if Arpanet is dead today, are its legacy and spirit still alive, and if so, in what way
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Arpanet en contexte
2019Co-Authors: Schafer ValerieAbstract:La naissance d'Arpanet en contexte Après être revenue sur la naissance du réseau dans les années qui précèdent directement la première connexion et les évènements de 1969 au sein du projet, cette intervention élargira le regard en amont (les réseaux avant Arpanet, les racines du temps partagé, etc.) et en aval (filiation et valeurs d'Internet qui sont célébrées à travers Arpanet)
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
2019Co-Authors: Schafer Valerie, Cooper Sarah, Paloque-bergès CamilleAbstract:Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’!emergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research literature and discourse on Internet histories. However, yet untranslated, it has remained little known in Anglophone scholarly circles. The results of this thesis, which strongly echoes other articles and interviews, that are part of this special issue on Arpanet, remain still relevant and valid and we have chosen to introduce the reader to the final part of Serres’ research – an inevitable choice within the 600 pages of this work
Camille Paloque-berges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:AbstractAlexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’emergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone resea...
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Arpanet (1969–2019)
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Camille Paloque-berges, Valérie SchaferAbstract:Arpanet’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its histor...
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’emergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research lite...
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’émergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research literature and discourse on Internet histories. However, yet untranslated, it has remained little known in Anglophone scholarly circles. The results of this thesis, which strongly echoes other articles and interviews, that are part of this special issue on Arpanet, remain still relevant and valid and we have chosen to introduce the reader to the final part of Serres’ research – an inevitable choice within the 600 pages of this work
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French memories about the Arpanet: a conversation with Michel Élie and Gérard Le Lann
Internet Histories, 2018Co-Authors: Camille Paloque-berges, Valérie SchaferAbstract:AbstractAlthough the Arpanet was a United States-funded project that was deeply rooted in US post-war science and technology policies, it had an international dimension from its very early days. The memories of Michel Elie and Gerard Le Lann are oriented towards their US experience. They testify to an early French presence in the Arpanet project at two stages of its history: in 1969–1970, when the first nodes came into activity, and in 1973–1974, when TCP, which evolved into TCP/IP and became the Internet’s flagship protocol, was defined, replacing NCP, which was at the heart of the Arpanet. They thus highlight crucial but different sides of the Arpanet’s genesis.
Valérie Schafer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arpanet 1969 2019
Internet Histories: Digital Technology Culture and Society, 2019Co-Authors: Camille Paloqueberges, Valérie SchaferAbstract:Arpanet’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its histor...
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:AbstractAlexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’emergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone resea...
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Arpanet (1969–2019)
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Camille Paloque-berges, Valérie SchaferAbstract:Arpanet’s story is part of the Internet’s official heritage, as a first crucial step in its development. Janet Abbate’s seminal work Inventing the Internet (1999) has extensively covered its histor...
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet Histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’emergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research lite...
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Back to the roots of Arpanet and Internet history with Alexandre Serres
Internet histories, 2019Co-Authors: Valérie Schafer, Sarah Cooper, Camille Paloque-bergesAbstract:Alexandre Serres’ PhD, “Aux sources d’Internet: l’émergence d’Arpanet” (“The origins of the Internet: the Emergence of Arpanet”), defended in 2000, is quite influential in Francophone research literature and discourse on Internet histories. However, yet untranslated, it has remained little known in Anglophone scholarly circles. The results of this thesis, which strongly echoes other articles and interviews, that are part of this special issue on Arpanet, remain still relevant and valid and we have chosen to introduce the reader to the final part of Serres’ research – an inevitable choice within the 600 pages of this work
Bradley Fidler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metadata, infrastructure, and computer-mediated communication in historical perspective
Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the creation and use of metadata on the early Arpanet as part of normal network function. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure can be studied by examining the creation and stabilization of metadata. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol's sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata simultaneously. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol, we argue for the further integrated study of infrastructure and metadata. Finally, we reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locate data throughout an infrastructure and are required by the infrastructure to function, separating them from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks, bridging the largely library and information science LIS study of metadata with the largely science and technology studies STS domain of infrastructure.
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old DOI 10.1109/MAHC.2015.49- EH - Correct DOI is 10.1109/MAHC.2015.16 - EH Production and Interpretation of Arpanet Maps
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2015Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Morgan CurrieAbstract:Correct DOI is 10.1109/MAHC.2015.16 - EH - This paper explores a twenty-year series of Arpanet maps produced by the firm Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN). These BBN maps signify the earliest efforts to represent an early and central piece of the modern Internet, and they wind up as illustrations in contemporary discussions of Arpanet history and the early Internet. Once a functional tool for engineers, they now serve as an aesthetic backdrop used without explicit recognition of their intended purpose. We propose an excavation of their production, design conventions, and symbolic functions. We find that the maps represent a very specific technological focus - the subnet - that worked well with the maps' network graph form and also aligned with the map creators' purposes during the network's early years.
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old doi 10 1109 mahc 2015 49 eh correct doi is 10 1109 mahc 2015 16 eh production and interpretation of Arpanet maps
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 2015Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Morgan CurrieAbstract:Correct DOI is 10.1109/MAHC.2015.16 - EH - This paper explores a twenty-year series of Arpanet maps produced by the firm Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN). These BBN maps signify the earliest efforts to represent an early and central piece of the modern Internet, and they wind up as illustrations in contemporary discussions of Arpanet history and the early Internet. Once a functional tool for engineers, they now serve as an aesthetic backdrop used without explicit recognition of their intended purpose. We propose an excavation of their production, design conventions, and symbolic functions. We find that the maps represent a very specific technological focus - the subnet - that worked well with the maps' network graph form and also aligned with the map creators' purposes during the network's early years.
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metadata and infrastructure in internet history sockets in the Arpanet host host protocol
Association for Information Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the generation and utilization of metadata as part of normal network function on the early Arpanet. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure cannot be studied without examining the creation and stabilization of metadata standards. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol’s sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol and a key application built atop it, Telnet, we illustrate the necessity of studying infrastructure and metadata in tandem. Finally, we draw on Esveld (1990) to reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locates data throughout an infrastructure and is required by the infrastructure to function, separating it from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks.
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ASIST - Metadata and Infrastructure in Internet History: Sockets in the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol
Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Bradley Fidler, Amelia AckerAbstract:In this paper we describe the generation and utilization of metadata as part of normal network function on the early Arpanet. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure cannot be studied without examining the creation and stabilization of metadata standards. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol’s sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol and a key application built atop it, Telnet, we illustrate the necessity of studying infrastructure and metadata in tandem. Finally, we draw on Esveld (1990) to reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locates data throughout an infrastructure and is required by the infrastructure to function, separating it from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks.