The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
W. J. Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Articular surface of the temporal bone in certain fossil hominoids
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: E. H. Ashton, R. M. Flinn, W. J. MooreAbstract:Although quantitative variations exist between living Man (Homo sapiens sapiens) and the extant great apes (Pongo, Pan, Gorilla) in such features of the Articular surface of the temporal bone (a part of the temporomandibular joint) as the proportionate development of the postglenoid Tubercle, the relative prominence of the Articular Tubercle and the slope of its posterior face, these do not individually effect a clear differentiation between the four extant genera. But in multivariate combination of these features, although Pan and Pongo are relatively closely associated, Gorilla and Homo sapiens sapiens are distinct, and also clearly differentiated from each other. The differences between genera of extant apes are, on average, as great as those between extant Man and individual apes. As portrayed by such multivariate compound, this anatomical region in four fossil groups displays a unique configuration differentiating Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo erectus pekinensis, Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus both from one another and from extant types. The differences are such that the fossil species lie uniquely and not intermediate between extant groups. Definable age changes in this multivariate compound occur in both Man and apes but neither these, nor overall differences between adults, appear to be associated with marked contrasts in the pattern of jaw movement. It would thus seem improbable that inferences can be made from these features about the type of jaw movement that characterized the several fossil groups.
E. H. Ashton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Articular surface of the temporal bone in certain fossil hominoids
Journal of Zoology, 2009Co-Authors: E. H. Ashton, R. M. Flinn, W. J. MooreAbstract:Although quantitative variations exist between living Man (Homo sapiens sapiens) and the extant great apes (Pongo, Pan, Gorilla) in such features of the Articular surface of the temporal bone (a part of the temporomandibular joint) as the proportionate development of the postglenoid Tubercle, the relative prominence of the Articular Tubercle and the slope of its posterior face, these do not individually effect a clear differentiation between the four extant genera. But in multivariate combination of these features, although Pan and Pongo are relatively closely associated, Gorilla and Homo sapiens sapiens are distinct, and also clearly differentiated from each other. The differences between genera of extant apes are, on average, as great as those between extant Man and individual apes. As portrayed by such multivariate compound, this anatomical region in four fossil groups displays a unique configuration differentiating Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, Homo erectus pekinensis, Australopithecus africanus and Australopithecus robustus both from one another and from extant types. The differences are such that the fossil species lie uniquely and not intermediate between extant groups. Definable age changes in this multivariate compound occur in both Man and apes but neither these, nor overall differences between adults, appear to be associated with marked contrasts in the pattern of jaw movement. It would thus seem improbable that inferences can be made from these features about the type of jaw movement that characterized the several fossil groups.
Giuseppe Ferronato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Surgical treatment of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation: a case report.
Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Luca Guarda-nardini, Bernadette Palumbo, Daniele Manfredini, Giuseppe FerronatoAbstract:Introduction Chronic dislocation of temporomandibular joint is usually treated with conservative approaches, but in some cases, surgery is needed to avoid recurrencies. The present paper described a case report of a bilateral intervention for Articular Tubercle height augmentation by means of calvaria bone grafts.
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Surgical treatment of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation: A case report
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Luca Guarda-nardini, Bernadette Palumbo, Daniele Manfredini, Giuseppe FerronatoAbstract:Introduction Chronic dislocation of temporomandibular joint is usually treated with conservative approaches, but in some cases, surgery is needed to avoid recurrencies. The present paper described a case report of a bilateral intervention for Articular Tubercle height augmentation by means of calvaria bone grafts. Materials and Methods A 32-year-old woman attended the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Padova, Italy, in January 2007 seeking treatment for a bilateral recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation. She was treated with a surgical procedure providing an antero-posterior osteotomy of the caudal portion of the Articular eminence and the insertion of a calvaria bone graft, preserving the periosteum of the borders of the osteotomic beach. The newly remodeled Articular eminence has an increased height, thus representing a barrier to condylar dislocation out of the glenoid fossa. No ostheosynthesis fixation was provided, and physiotherapic rehabilitation was started in the immediate postoperative phases to help the patient gain a good jaw function as soon as possible. Results Such a technique showed to be effective, as during an 8-month follow-up span, the patient referred no recurrencies of joint dislocation. Jaw motion parameters maintained good over the entire follow-up period, and radiological assessments showed no signs of bone grafts reabsorption. Conclusions The technique described in the present case report has some potential advantages over other surgical approaches to the treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation that need to be assessed with future studies.
Carsten Staszyk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Histological characteristics of the Articular surfaces and underlining tissues
Veterinary Journal, 2018Co-Authors: K. Adams, Ellen Schulz-kornas, Jörg Vogelsberg, Boaz Arzi, Klaus Failing, Carsten StaszykAbstract:It has been assumed that dental conditions cause disorders of the equine temporomandibular joint (TMJ), due to biomechanical overload or aberrant loading. However, the incidence of published TMJ disorders in horses is low and this leads to the question whether the equine TMJ is adapted well to its biomechanical requirements or is able to remodel its Articular surfaces in response to modified loading conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of healthy equine TMJs. The tissue components of the Articular surfaces of 10 TMJs obtained from horses without any clinical history of dental or TMJ disorders were analysed. Apart from the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, the osseous aspects of the TMJ exhibited a uniform zoning pattern. The Articular surfaces were composed of three tissue layers: (1) a superficial cell-rich dense connective tissue layer; (2) a middle fibrocartilage layer; and (3) a deep hyaline-like cartilage layer. The Articular disc was composed of an inner core of fibrocartilage and hyaline-like cartilage meshwork covered with both cell-rich dense connective tissue and fibrocartilage at its dorsal and ventral aspects. In contrast, the mandibular fossa was only covered by a dense connective tissue, frequently supplemented by a synovial membrane, suggesting low biomechanical stress. Glycosaminoglycans, which are indicative of compressive loads, were predominantly present within the rostral part of the Articular Tubercle and the retroArticular process, the dorsal part of Articular disc and the entire mandibular head, but were absent within the mandibular fossa. The results of this study suggest the presence of different biomechanical demands in the dorsal and ventral compartment of the equine TMJ.
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Functional anatomy of the equine temporomandibular joint: Collagen fiber texture of the Articular surfaces
Veterinary Journal, 2016Co-Authors: K. Adams, Ellen Schulz-kornas, Jörg Vogelsberg, Boaz Arzi, Klaus Failing, Carsten StaszykAbstract:In the last decade, the equine masticatory apparatus has received much attention. Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the functional process of mastication. However, ultrastructural and histological data providing a basis for biomechanical and histopathological considerations are not available. The aim of the present study was to analyze the architecture of the collagen fiber apparatus in the Articular surfaces of the equine TMJ to reveal typical morphological features indicating biomechanical adaptions. Therefore, the collagen fiber alignment was visualized using the split-line technique in 16 adult warmblood horses without any history of TMJ disorders. Within the central two-thirds of the Articular surfaces of the Articular Tubercle, the Articular disc and the mandibular head, split-lines ran in a correspondent rostrocaudal direction. In the lateral and medial aspects of these Articular surfaces, the split-line pattern varied, displaying curved arrangements in the Articular disc and punctual split-lines in the bony components. Mediolateral orientated split-lines were found in the rostral and caudal border of the Articular disc and in the mandibular fossa. The complex movements during the equine chewing cycle are likely assigned to different areas of the TMJ. The split-line pattern of the equine TMJ is indicative of a relative movement of the joint components in a preferential rostrocaudal direction which is consigned to the central aspects of the TMJ. The lateral and medial aspects of the Articular surfaces provide split-line patterns that indicate movements pArticularly around a dorsoventral axis.
M. Elyaqtine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Morphological and functional aspects of the temporal bone Articular Tubercle morphology inHomo erectus andHomo sapiens
Human Evolution, 2001Co-Authors: M. ElyaqtineAbstract:The morphological variability of the temporal Articular Tubercle was studied in Homo erectus and Homo sapiens . Five configurations have been defined. There is a high heterogeneity among Homo erectus . The Neandertal lineage and that leading to Homo sapiens sapiens are more homogenous, each of them exhibits a high frequency of one configuration. This study has also focused on the functional implications of this variation. A theoretical approach to two different configurations of the Articular Tubercle is considered in the same bony, muscular and ligamentary context. This suggests that the configuration which consists of a transverse concavity is, for the mandible depression, concomitant with a slight functional disadvantage in comparison with the cylindrical configuration. It appears that a midfacial projection allows for a compensation of this disadvantage. It is concluded that this model can be proposed for Neandertals which present a very concave Articular Tubercle and a typical midfacial projection.
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Morphological and functional aspects of the temporal bone Articular Tubercle morphology in Homo erectus and Homo sapiens
Human Evolution, 2001Co-Authors: M. ElyaqtineAbstract:The morphological variability of the temporal Articular Tubercle was studied inHomo erectus andHomo sapiens. Five configurations have been defined. There is a high heterogeneity amongHomo erectus. The Neandertal lineage and that leading toHomo sapiens sapiens are more homogenous, each of them exhibits a high frequency of one configuration. This study has also focused on the functional implications of this variation. A theoretical approach to two different configurations of the Articular Tubercle is considered in the same bony, muscular and ligamentary context. This suggests that the configuration which consists of a transverse concavity is, for the mandible depression, concomitant with a slight functional disadvantage in comparison with the cylindrical configuration. It appears that a midfacial projection allows for a compensation of this disadvantage. It is concluded that this model can be proposed for Neandertals which present a very concave Articular Tubercle and a typical midfacial projection.
