The Experts below are selected from a list of 14886 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
A J F Rutten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sky luminance research imperative for adequate control of temporary supplementary Artificial Lighting installations
Building and Environment, 1994Co-Authors: A J F RuttenAbstract:Abstract The energy consumption in Dutch office buildings can be cut considerably if daylight is used as task Lighting. A conservative estimate gives a potential saving of 46% on the electricity costs for Artificial Lighting. The problem of photo-electric control of Artificial Lighting supplementing the daylight illumination and correctly estimating its energy effectiveness, will require a more accurate prediction of the indoor daylight illuminance at points in the working area. An advanced instrument for measuring sky luminance has been built. Analysis of sky-luminance patterns simultaneously with indoor illuminances will give an algorithm for daylight-controlled Artificial Lighting systems.
-
day light controlled Artificial Lighting a potential energy saver right interior light by sky luninance trracking
1991Co-Authors: A J F Rutten, Evan MillsAbstract:The energy consumption in office buildings can considerably be cut, if daylight is used as task Lighting. A conservative estimate - starting from existing knowledge and calculation methods - gives a potential saving of 460 GWh a year or 46 % of the electricity costs for Artificial Lighting in Dutch office buildings, equivalent to 116 million Neth Fl/year or 51 million ECU/year. These substantial amounts justify the implementation of task Lighting by daylight on a larger scale. To more accurately estimate the possible energy conservation by daylight, the designer lacks information on indoor daylight availability in the course of the year. The current way of tuning a daylight-controlled Artificial Lighting installation is too cumbersome and the human appraisal of these installations is still very low. because a daylight-factor-related control algorithm inherently has a very poor accuracy. The problem of comfortable photo-electric control of switched or dimmed Artificial Lighting upplementing the daylight illumination at the work'Place and correctly estimate the energy effectiveness of it, will require new research efforts to find a more accurate. prediction of the indoor daylight illumination level at points of the working area. The research objectives are: (i) for the designer: a frequency distribution of the indoor illuminance by daylight at various points, specified according to latitude, prevailing climate, part of the year, part of the day, and the geometry of the room and the window; (ii) for the Artificial Lighting engineer: an accurate conversion from the daylight environment outside to a control signal for the Artificial Lighting installation. The problem has to be tackled in a phenomenological way: the momentary indoor daylight illumination has to be related to the stochastical varying sky luminance patterns (in the direction of view from the window) by a function with a few measurable parameters. To this end it is necessary to measure and analyze the sky luminance patterns and the simultaneous indoor illuminances. In the running daylight research project of Eindhoven University an advanced sky luminance measuring instrument has been built.
Toyoki Kozai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Production of Value-Added Transplants in Closed Systems with Artificial Lighting
Transplant Production in the 21st Century, 2020Co-Authors: Toyoki KozaiAbstract:The use of Artificial light in commercial plant production is most economically favorable when plants are small, so a large number of plants can be simultaneously irradiated by a minimum of Lighting units. Growing closely spaced plants from seeds or cuttings to transplants for field or greenhouse use is a major application of this approach. Transplants increase their economic value when their vegetative or reproductive responses are appropriately regulated by environmental manipulation. Closed transplant production systems with efficient Artificial Lighting are more cost-effective than using natural Lighting alone. These systems can minimize energy and material consumption while, at the same time, optimize photosynthetic and photomorphogenic characteristics. In the future, more transplants will be produced under Artificial light in closed systems. This paper reviews the impact of Artificial Lighting on plant growth and the production of quality transplants in closed systems with Artificial Lighting.
-
Towards sustainable plant factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) for achieving SDGs
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Toyoki KozaiAbstract:The challenges and opportunities for developing sustainable plant factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) are discussed. After examining the production cost and productivity of existing PFALs in Japan, the possibility of introducing a relatively new concept and methodology for considerably improving productivity are discussed in relation to environmental controllability and resource use efficiencies. The fundamental and potential characteristics of ideal or next-generation PFALs (n-PFALs) are then discussed with some suggestions for actualizing n-PFALs. Finally, perspectives of the n-PFALs and technologies to be integrated into the n-PFALs are presented in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. Keywords: plant factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL), productivity, production cost, SDGs DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.5177 Citation: Kozai T. Towards sustainable plant factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) for achieving SDGs. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 28–37.
-
Plant Factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs): Benefits, Problems, and Challenges
Smart Plant Factory, 2018Co-Authors: Toyoki KozaiAbstract:The benefits, unsolved problems, and challenges for plant factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) are discussed. The remarkable benefits are high resource use efficiency, high annual productivity per unit land area, and production of high-quality plants without using pesticides. Major unsolved problems are high initial investment, electricity cost, and labor cost. A major challenge for the next-generation smart PFAL is the introduction of advanced technologies such as Artificial intelligence with the use of big data, genomics, and phenomics (or methodologies and protocols for noninvasive measurement of plant-specific traits related to plant structure and function).
-
current status of plant factories with Artificial Lighting pfals and smart pfals
2018Co-Authors: Toyoki KozaiAbstract:The necessity of plant factories with Artificial Lighting (PFALs) is discussed in relation to the food, resource, and environment trilemma. The definition and main components of the PFAL are described. The number of PFALs in the world, the production cost and wholesale price of the produce, and the plants suited to PFALs are briefly introduced. The main objectives of this book are described, and the image and expected ultimate functions of the smart PFAL are discussed.
-
Role of the Plant Factory With Artificial Lighting (PFAL) in Urban Areas
Plant Factory, 2015Co-Authors: Toyoki KozaiAbstract:The increasing importance of fresh food production in urban areas is discussed and the methods for achieving efficient production are described. Firstly, resource inflow and waste outflow in urban areas are described. Then, the possibility of significantly reducing the outflow waste by using a large portion of it as an essential resource for growing plants in urban ecosystems is discussed. Secondly, the role of the plant factory with Artificial Lighting (PFAL) is discussed, and the plants that are suited and unsuited to PFALs are described. Finally, criticisms of PFALs are analyzed, and the methodology toward a sustainable PFAL is discussed.
Taiichi Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using Artificial Lighting based on machine vision
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Fu Longsheng, Yoshinori Gejima, Cui Yongjie, Su Shuai, Taiichi KobayashiAbstract:Most researches involved so far in kiwifruit harvesting robot suggest the scenario of harvesting in daytime for taking advantage of sunlight. A robot operating at nighttime can overcome the problem of low work efficiency and would help to minimize fruit damage. In addition, Artificial lights can be used to ensure constant illumination instead of the variable natural sunlight for image capturing. This paper aims to study the kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using Artificial Lighting based on machine vision. Firstly, an RGB camera was placed underneath the canopy so that clusters of kiwifruits could be included in the images. Next, the images were segmented using an R-G color model. Finally, a group of image processing conventional methods, such as Canny operator were applied to detect the fruits. The image processing results showed that this capturing method could reduce the background noise and overcome any target overlapping. The experimental results showed that the optimal Artificial Lighting ranged approximately between 30-50 lx. The developed algorithm detected 88.3% of the fruits successfully. Keywords: Elliptic Hough transform, image capturing method, Kiwifruit, minimal bounding rectangle, optimal illumination intensity DOI: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20150804.1576 Citation: Fu L S, Wang B, Cui Y J, Su S, Gejima Y, Kobayashi T. Kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using Artificial Lighting based on machine vision. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2015; 8(4): 52－59.
-
Kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using Artificial Lighting based on machine vision
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Long Sheng Fu, Yong Jie Cui, Yoshinori Gejima, Shuai Su, Bin Wang, Taiichi KobayashiAbstract:Most researches that involved in kiwifruit harvesting robot suggest the scenario of harvesting in daytime for taking advantage of sunlight. A robot operating at nighttime can overcome the problem of low work efficiency and would help to minimize fruit damage. In addition, Artificial lights can be used to ensure constant illumination instead of the variable natural sunlight for image capturing. This paper aims to study the kiwifruit recognition at nighttime using Artificial Lighting based on machine vision. Firstly, an RGB camera was placed underneath the canopy so that clusters of kiwifruits could be included in the images. Next, the images were segmented using an R-G color model. Finally, a group of image processing conventional methods, such as Canny operator were applied to detect the fruits. The image processing results showed that this capturing method could reduce the background noise and overcome any target overlapping. The experimental results showed that the optimal Artificial Lighting ranged approximately between 30-50 lx. The developed algorithm detected 88.3% of the fruits successfully.
Raoul Rodriguez Luparello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
ICIP - Color deflickering for high-speed video in the presence of Artificial Lighting
2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2015Co-Authors: Ali Kanj, Hugues Talbot, Jean-christophe Pesquet, Raoul Rodriguez LuparelloAbstract:When acquiring high-speed video (more than 100 frames per second), Artificial Lighting can cause severe non-uniform luminosity and chroma variation between frames, commonly labeled periodic flicker. Non-uniform periodic flicker is not easy to correct in the presence of general motion, since its estimation requires background and object tracking, and most tracking techniques assume consistent illumination. In this paper, we propose a joint tracking/color correction scheme using a block matching technique paired with color variation estimation. We introduce a robust method for stabilizing brightness variations in image sequences. A post-processing step is also proposed in order to deal with blocking artifacts. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method both on simulated and real data.
-
Color deflickering for high-speed video in the presence of Artificial Lighting
2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2015Co-Authors: Ali Kanj, Hugues Talbot, Jean-christophe Pesquet, Raoul Rodriguez LuparelloAbstract:When acquiring high-speed video (more than 100 frames per second), Artificial Lighting can cause severe non-uniform luminosity and chroma variation between frames, commonly labeled periodic flicker. Non-uniform periodic flicker is not easy to correct in the presence of general motion, since its estimation requires background and object tracking, and most tracking techniques assume consistent illumination. In this paper, we propose a joint tracking/color correction scheme using a block matching technique paired with color variation estimation. We introduce a robust method for stabilizing brightness variations in image sequences. A post-processing step is also proposed in order to deal with blocking artifacts. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method both on simulated and real data.
Michael Salmon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of exposure to Artificial Lighting on orientation of hatchling sea turtles on the beach and in the ocean
Endangered Species Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jacquelyn Kay Lorne, Michael SalmonAbstract:Artificial Lighting disrupts sea turtle hatchling orientation from the nest to the sea. We studied how a light-induced landward crawl affects the later ability of hatchlings to crawl to the sea, and to swim away from the shore from a dark beach. A brief (2 min) landward crawl had no effect on swimming orientation as long as surface waves were present. In a calm sea, landward-crawling hatchlings failed to swim offshore, while those crawling seaward were well oriented. A long (2 h) crawl toward a landward light source, however, impaired the ability of hatchlings to crawl seaward. These results demonstrate that orientation toward Artificial light sources compromises the ability of hatchlings to respond to natural orientation cues, both on land and in the sea. Based on these results, we suggest several changes to current management practices used when releasing misoriented turtles in the wild.
-
competitive interactions between Artificial Lighting and natural cues during seafinding by hatchling marine turtles
Biological Conservation, 2005Co-Authors: Susan M Tuxbury, Michael SalmonAbstract:Abstract Artificial Lighting disrupts the nocturnal orientation of sea turtle hatchlings as they crawl from their nest to the ocean. Laboratory experiments in an arena were used to simultaneously present Artificial light (that attracted the turtles toward “land”) and natural cues (a dark silhouette of the dune behind the beach) that promoted “seaward” orientation. Artificial Lighting disrupted seaward crawling in the presence of low silhouettes, but not high silhouettes. Low silhouettes provided adequate cues for seaward crawling when the apparent brightness of Artificial light was reduced. Based upon these results, we postulate that Artificial light disrupts orientation by competing with natural cues. Current restoration practices at nesting beaches emphasize light reduction. However at many sites some lights cannot be modified. Our results suggest that pairing dune restoration (to enhance natural cues) with light reduction (to the extent possible) should significantly improve hatchling orientation, even at nesting beaches where Lighting cannot be entirely eliminated.
