Asulam

14,000,000 Leading Edge Experts on the ideXlab platform

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

Scan Science and Technology

Contact Leading Edge Experts & Companies

The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

R H Marrs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • change to ecosystem properties through changing the dominant species impact of pteridium aquilinum control and heathland restoration treatments on selected soil properties
    Journal of Environmental Management, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gregg Milligan, E S Cox, Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, K E Booth, Leslie Connor, Sabena Blackbird, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    It is well known that soils are influenced by the plant species that grow in them. Here we consider the effects of management-induced changes to plant communities and their soils during restoration within a 20-year manipulative experiment where the aim was to change a late-successional community dominated by the weed, Pteridium aquilinum, to an earlier-successional grass-heath one. The ecological restoration treatments altered the above- and below-ground components of the community substantially. Untreated plots maintained a dense Pteridium cover with little understory vegetation, cutting treatments produce significant reductions of Pteridium, whereas herbicide (Asulam) produced significant immediate reductions in Pteridium but regressed towards the untreated plots within 10 years. Thereafter, all Asulam-treated plots were re-treated in year 11, and then were spot-sprayed annually. Both cutting and Asulam treatments reduced frond density to almost zero and resulted in a grass-heath vegetation. There was also a massive change in biomass distribution, untreated plots had a large above-ground biomass/necromass that was much reduced where Pteridium was controlled. Below-ground in treated plots, there was a replacement of the substantive Pteridium rhizome mass with a much greater root mass of other species. The combined effects of Pteridium-control and restoration treatment, reduced soil total C and N as and available P concentrations, but increased soil pH and available N. Soil biological activity was also affected with a reduction in soil N mineralization rate, but an increased soil-root respiration. Multivariate analysis showed a clear trend along a pH/organic matter gradient, with movement along it correlated to management intensity from the untreated plots with low pH/high organic matter and treated plots with to a higher pH/lower organic matter in the sequence Asulam treatment, cut once per year to cut twice per year. The role that these changed soil conditions might have in restricting Pteridium recovery are discussed.

  • the effectiveness of old and new strategies for the long term control of pteridium aquilinum an 8 year test
    Weed Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: G Milligan, Josu G. Alday, E S Cox, Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, Victor M Santana, Hugh A Mcallister, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    There is a need for management strategies to control dominant perennial weeds and restore seminatural communities. We compared the effects of five weed control treatments on dense Pteridium aquilinum relative to an untreated experimental control over an 8‐year period with the aim of restoring acid grassland. The weed control treatments tested were as follows: cutting and bruising, both twice and thrice annually, and herbicide treatment (Asulam in year 1 followed by annual spot retreatment of all emergent fronds). Pteridium aquilinum performance and plant species composition were monitored. Data were analysed using Bayesian mixed‐effect models and multivariate techniques. Cutting twice and thrice yearly and the Asulam treatment all reduced frond density to zero; both bruising treatments were ineffective. The plant communities in the cut and Asulam‐treated plots showed differences from the untreated and bruised plots; the Asulam‐treated plots contained more ruderal species and the cut plots were more typical of acid grassland. Acid grassland recovery was fastest in the Asulam‐treated plots, but the cut plots caught up after approximately 5 years. There were two important conclusions. First, an intractable weed like P. aquilinum can be eradicated and a vegetation more suited for grazing can be achieved by the continuous application of some treatments over many years. Here, success was achieved by cutting twice/thrice annually, or by a single Asulam application followed by annual spot spraying of all emergent fronds for 8 years. Second, bruising, a treatment favoured by some conservation organisations, did not work and cannot be recommended. The use of long‐term, continuously applied treatments might be considered for all perennial weeds with large underground root/rhizome systems.

  • the effects of cutting and herbicide treatment on pteridium aquilinum encroachment
    Applied Vegetation Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, R H Thwaites, M Le G Duc, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) encroachment is an important factor in the loss of certain habitats in the United Kingdom. However, no information exists as to whether prevention of encroachment is a cost-effective strategy for Pteridium management. Conventional methods for the control of Pteridium (cutting, Asulam application) were tested at one site (Levisham) to quantify their ability to prevent or delay encroachment and to affect the vigour of the Pteridium at the edge of the stand. The effects of encroachment and Asulam application on the vegetation present were monitored at a second site (Ramsley), where techniques commonly used for moorland restoration were employed in combination with Asulam application. Cutting once per year or a single application of Asulam delayed the advance of the Pteridium front. At Levisham, the untreated front advanced 2.7 m in 5 yr, while in the same period the cut front advanced 0.88 m and the sprayed front was 1.5 m behind its initial position. At Ramsley, the un...

  • bracken distribution in great britain strategies for its control and the sustainable management of marginal land
    Annals of Botany, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, Mike Le G Duc, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    Bracken is often perceived as a widespread and increasing land management problem. The pollen record of a wide range of sites in Great Britain suggests that the current abundance of bracken is less than or, at worst, equivalent to maximum historical levels. Recently gathered data also suggest that bracken cover is declining. Results of risk assessments of land use change, and experimental and modelling investigations into the effects of climate change are synthesized. This synthesis suggests that there is the potential for increased bracken dominance in northern Britain, spread into new areas at high altitudes, and possible spread into areas with reduced grazing. However, this must be set against any changes in the extent of other vegetation types at the expense of bracken. There is now a long history of bracken control, both in Great Britain and globally. Conventional methods of control (cutting, Asulam application) are well understood, but many control attempts do not result in long-term success, as control is often not followed by aftercare. Bracken control is just one part of the process to ensure a sustainable use of resources and to maintain biodiversity. A coherent strategy for bracken control is put forward, a necessary part of which includes the restoration of vegetation and subsequent land management which takes into account an understanding of bracken ecology.

  • the ecology of bracken its role in succession and implications for control
    Annals of Botany, 2000
    Co-Authors: R H Marrs, M Le G Duc, Ruth J Mitchell, D Goddard, S Paterson, Robin J Pakeman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bracken (Pteridium) holds a pivotal role in succession, usually occurring in sequence between plagio-climax communities such as heathland and woodland. It is at this interface that bracken causes problems for man, as the sub-seral communities are more valuable for agricultural use and most have a greater conservation value than bracken-dominated ones (there are a few exceptions). This paper examines the role of bracken in a series of successional trajectories on lowland heaths; there is evidence that bracken occurs in a trajectory towards birch woodland in Dorset. Whether the bracken stage is an intermediate stage towards woodland or acts as a ‘mini-climax’ in itself remains to be demonstrated. Thereafter, the impact of bracken control on vegetation development is examined from two successional viewpoints, succession reversal towards the early successional communities, and successional accelerations towards woodland. A range of examples is provided from: (1) lowland heaths in England; (2) moorlands in upland Britain where bracken has been treated with Asulam; and (3) in North Wales where attempts have been made to restock woodlands.

Dumas Y. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evolution de la diversité floristique après traitements herbicides ou fauchage pour contrôler la fougère aigle dans des plantations de pins en forêt d'Orléans
    HAL CCSD, 2002
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Bergès Laurent, Gama A.
    Abstract:

    In France Asulam and glyphosate are commonly used to control bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). In a preliminary experiment, we have monitored the effect of these two treatments on vegetation succession during 5 years after treatment. In a second study, we have recorded in 2001 vegetation cover and floristic diversity on about sites treated between 0 and 15 years ago, and compare these results to the flora observed on sites where bracken control was performed by cutting it between 15 and 25 years ago before herbicide treatment. Our study have been limited to young pine plantations on acid and hydromorphic soils in the National Forest of Orleans. Short-term and medium-term effects of these two herbicide treatments on floristic species richness, diversity and composition are presented. The results show that changes in dominant species and vegetation succession depend on herbicide treatment and soil characteristics : (i) Pteridium aquilinum stops to be dominant and is replaced by Calluna vulgaris or Molinia ceorulea for at least 15 years and (ii) species richness and diversity are not negatively influenced by these herbicides. Long-term consequences of herbicide applications on biodiversity and resource availability are finally discussed.En France Asulame et glyphosate sont couramment utilisés pour contrôler la fougère (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Lors d'une première expérimentation, nous avons suivi les impacts de ces 2 traitements sur la végétation pendant les 5 ans suivants les traitements. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons relevé en 2001 la couverture végétale et la biodiversité végétale sur des sites traités au cours des 15 dernières années, et comparé ces résultats à la flore observée sur des sites où la fougère avait été contrôlée par des coupes au cours de la période remontant à 15-25 ans, avant l'emploi des herbicides. Nous avons limité notre étude à des jeunes plantations de pins sur des sols acides et hydromorphes en forêt domaniale d' Orléans. Les effets à court et moyen termes de ces deux herbicides sur le nombre d'espèces, la diversité et leur répartition sont présentés. Les résultats montrent que le changement d'espèce dominante et de composition de la flore dépend du traitement herbicide et des caractéristiques du sol : (i) Pteridium aquilinum cesse d'être dominante et se voit remplacée par Calluna vulgaris ou Molinia ceorulea pendant au moins 15 ans et (ii) la richesse spécifique et la biodiversité ne sont pas influencées négativement par ces herbicides. Les conséquences à long terme des applications d'herbicides sur la biodiversité et les ressources potentielles sont discutées en conclusion

  • Substitution de flores après traitements herbicides : mise au point d'une méthode d'étude de la dynamique de la végétation après traitements (Rapport final 3ème tranche)
    HAL CCSD, 2000
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Gama A., Bergès Laurent
    Abstract:

    The aim of this experiment is (I): - To understand how, without herbicidal treatment, forest flora is naturally managed by environmental factors. - To test the influence of herbicidal treatments (Asulam, glyphosate, quizalofop and hexazinone) on this flora by using several criteria, (II) the species richness, (III) the floristic diversity, (IV) the floristic composition and (V) the abundance of the species. (I) A thick organic horizon induces low species richness. The presence of ditches is favourable to species richness. A concave microtopography is correlated to a low level of species richness and a high level of purple moor-grass cover. Bracken cover is not correlated with species richness but purple moor-grass is negatively correlated to this variable. (II) After two years, hexazinone treatment is no more unfavourable to species richness. Quizalofop has not effect on species richness. After three years, glyphosate and Asulam treatments have not effect on species richness. (III) After one year, glyphosate treatment has induced an increase of floristic diversity, but this treatment is henceforward unfavourable to floristic diversity. Quizalofop treatments improve floristic diversity two years after treatment. Asulam and hexazinone treatment have not effect on floristic diversity. (IV) Glyphosate, Asulam and hexazinone treatments modify floristic composition when quizalofop has not effect on it. (V) Glyphosate treatment has involved a significant decrease of the abundance of three non-target species but it has allowed the abundance of Cytisus scoparius increase. Hexazinone treatment is significantly unfavourable to several non-target species. Asulam and quizalofop treatments have not unfavourable effect on non-target species.Le but de cette expérimentation est de (I) comprendre comment, sans traitement herbicide, la flore forestière est naturellement gérée par les facteurs environnementaux, analyser l'influence de traitements herbicides (Asulame, glyphosate, quizalofop et hexazinone) sur cette flore en utilisant différents critères : (II) la richesse spécifique, (III) la diversité floristique, (IV) la compositionde la flore et (V) la modification de l'abondance des espèces. (I) Un horizon organique épais induit une faible richesse spécifique. La présence de fossés favorise la richesse spécifique. Une microtopographie concave est corrélée à une faible richesse spécifique et à un fort recouvrement en molinie. Le recouvrement en fougère aigle n'est pas corrélé à une faible diversité mais le recouvrement en molinie est négativement corrélé à cette variable. (II) Deux ans après traitement, l'hexazinone n'a plus d'effet défavorable sur la richesse spécifique. Le quizalofop est sans effet négatif sur la richesse spécifique. Trois ans après traitement, le glyphosate et l'Asulame sont sans effet sur la richesse spécifique. (III) Le traitement glyphosate a entraîné une augmentation de la diversité floristique la première année mais cette modalité est désormais défavorable à la diversité floristique. Le quizalofop améliore toujours la diversité floristique deux ans après traitement. L'Asulame et l'hexazinone sont sans effet sur la diversité floristique.(IV) Le glyphosate,l'Asulame et l'hexazinone occasionnent une modification significative de la composition floristique alors que le quizalofop n'entraîne pas ce type d'effet. (V) Le glyphosate a entraîné une baisse significative du niveau de présence de trois espèces non cibles, mais il a favorisé une augmentation du nombre de semis de Cytisus scoparius. L'hexazinone est significativement défavorable à plusieurs espèces non cibles. L'Asulame et le quizalofop n'ont pas eut d'effet sur des espèces non cibles

  • Substitution de flores après traitements herbicides : mise au point d'une méthode d'étude de la dynamique de la végétation après traitements (Rapport final 2e tranche)
    HAL CCSD, 1999
    Co-Authors: Gama A., Dumas Y.
    Abstract:

    The aim of this experiment is (I): - To understand how, without herbicidal treatment, forest flora is naturally managed by environmental factors. - To test the influence of herbicidal treatments (Asulam, glyphosate, quizalofop and hexazinone) on this flora by using several criteria, (II) the species richness, (III) the floristic diversity, (IV) the floristic composition and (V) the abundance of the species. (I) A thick organic horizon induces low species richness. The presence of ditches is favourable to species richness. A concave microtopography is correlated to a low level of species richness and a high level of purple moor-grass cover. Bracken cover is not correlated with species richness but purple moor-grass is negatively correlated to this variable. (II) After one year, hexazinone treatment is unfavourable to species richness. Quizalofop has not effect on species richness in one experiment and is favourable to it in the other. After two years, glyphosate and Asulam treatments have not effect on species richness. (III) After one year, glyphosate treatment has induced an increase of floristic diversity, but this treatment is henceforward unfavourable to floristic diversity. Quizalofop and hexazinone treatments improve floristic diversity in the first. Asulam treatment has not effect on floristic diversity in the first year and become unfavourable in the second year. (IV) Glyphosate, Asulam and hexazinone treatments modify floristic composition when quizalofop has not effect on it. (V) Glyphosate treatment has involved a significant decrease of the abundance of three non-target species but it has allowed the abundance of Betula pendula increase. Hexazinone treatment is significantly unfavourable to several non-target species. Asulam and quizalofop treatments have not unfavourable effect on non-target species.Le but de cette expérimentation est de (I) comprendre comment, sans traitement herbicide, la flore forestière est naturellement gérée par les facteurs environnementaux, analyser l'influence de traitements herbicides (Asulame, glyphosate, quizalofop et hexazinone) sur cette flore en utilisant différents critères : (II) la richesse spécifique, (III) la diversité floristique, (IV) la composition de la flore et (V) la modification de l'abondance des espèces. (I) Un horizon organique épais induit une faible richesse spécifique. La présence de fossés favorise la richesse spécifique. Une microtopographie concave est corrélée à une faible richesse spécifique et à un fort recouvrement en molinie. Le recouvrement en fougère aigle n'est pas corrélé à une faible diversité mais le recouvrement en molinie est négativement corrélé à cette variable. (II) Un an après traitement, l'hexazinone a un effet défavorable sur la richesse spécifique. Le quizalofop est sans effet négatif sur la richesse spécifique. Deux ans après traitement, le glyphosate et l'Asulame sont sans effet sur la richesse spécifique. (III) Le traitement glyphosate a entraîné une augmentation de la diversité floristique la première année mais cette modalité est désormais défavorable à la diversité floristique. Le quizalofop et l'hexazinone améliorent la diversité floristique la première. L'Asulame est sans effet sur la diversité floristique la première année et devient défavorable la deuxième année. (IV) Le glyphosate, l'Asulame et l'hexazinone occasionnent une modification significative de la composition floristique alors que le quizalofop n'a pas d'effet sur elle. (V) Le glyphosate a entraîné une baisse significative du niveau de présence de trois espèces non cibles, mais il a favorisé une augmentation du nombre de semis de Betula pendula. L'hexazinone est significativement défavorable à plusieurs espèces non cibles. L'Asulame et le quizalofop n'ont pas eut d'effet sur des espèces non cibles

  • Effets du contrôle des fougères herbicides sur les changements floristiques en accord avec les facteurs environnementaux
    HAL CCSD, 1998
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Gama A.
    Abstract:

    Asulam and glyphosate are frequently used in France to control Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). We attempt to understand, with this type of experiment, how herbicide and environment modify plant community and to determine which of the two treatments is more favorable to floristic diversity. The environmental factor having the greatest influence on floristic diversity before treatment is the depth of organic horizon. Treatments have no effect (P=0,7) on species richness but glyphosate treatment induces uniformity of the different species cover and is favorable to species diversity quantified one year after treatment with Shannon and Simpson index

Gama A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evolution de la diversité floristique après traitements herbicides ou fauchage pour contrôler la fougère aigle dans des plantations de pins en forêt d'Orléans
    HAL CCSD, 2002
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Bergès Laurent, Gama A.
    Abstract:

    In France Asulam and glyphosate are commonly used to control bracken (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). In a preliminary experiment, we have monitored the effect of these two treatments on vegetation succession during 5 years after treatment. In a second study, we have recorded in 2001 vegetation cover and floristic diversity on about sites treated between 0 and 15 years ago, and compare these results to the flora observed on sites where bracken control was performed by cutting it between 15 and 25 years ago before herbicide treatment. Our study have been limited to young pine plantations on acid and hydromorphic soils in the National Forest of Orleans. Short-term and medium-term effects of these two herbicide treatments on floristic species richness, diversity and composition are presented. The results show that changes in dominant species and vegetation succession depend on herbicide treatment and soil characteristics : (i) Pteridium aquilinum stops to be dominant and is replaced by Calluna vulgaris or Molinia ceorulea for at least 15 years and (ii) species richness and diversity are not negatively influenced by these herbicides. Long-term consequences of herbicide applications on biodiversity and resource availability are finally discussed.En France Asulame et glyphosate sont couramment utilisés pour contrôler la fougère (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn). Lors d'une première expérimentation, nous avons suivi les impacts de ces 2 traitements sur la végétation pendant les 5 ans suivants les traitements. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons relevé en 2001 la couverture végétale et la biodiversité végétale sur des sites traités au cours des 15 dernières années, et comparé ces résultats à la flore observée sur des sites où la fougère avait été contrôlée par des coupes au cours de la période remontant à 15-25 ans, avant l'emploi des herbicides. Nous avons limité notre étude à des jeunes plantations de pins sur des sols acides et hydromorphes en forêt domaniale d' Orléans. Les effets à court et moyen termes de ces deux herbicides sur le nombre d'espèces, la diversité et leur répartition sont présentés. Les résultats montrent que le changement d'espèce dominante et de composition de la flore dépend du traitement herbicide et des caractéristiques du sol : (i) Pteridium aquilinum cesse d'être dominante et se voit remplacée par Calluna vulgaris ou Molinia ceorulea pendant au moins 15 ans et (ii) la richesse spécifique et la biodiversité ne sont pas influencées négativement par ces herbicides. Les conséquences à long terme des applications d'herbicides sur la biodiversité et les ressources potentielles sont discutées en conclusion

  • Substitution de flores après traitements herbicides : mise au point d'une méthode d'étude de la dynamique de la végétation après traitements (Rapport final 3ème tranche)
    HAL CCSD, 2000
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Gama A., Bergès Laurent
    Abstract:

    The aim of this experiment is (I): - To understand how, without herbicidal treatment, forest flora is naturally managed by environmental factors. - To test the influence of herbicidal treatments (Asulam, glyphosate, quizalofop and hexazinone) on this flora by using several criteria, (II) the species richness, (III) the floristic diversity, (IV) the floristic composition and (V) the abundance of the species. (I) A thick organic horizon induces low species richness. The presence of ditches is favourable to species richness. A concave microtopography is correlated to a low level of species richness and a high level of purple moor-grass cover. Bracken cover is not correlated with species richness but purple moor-grass is negatively correlated to this variable. (II) After two years, hexazinone treatment is no more unfavourable to species richness. Quizalofop has not effect on species richness. After three years, glyphosate and Asulam treatments have not effect on species richness. (III) After one year, glyphosate treatment has induced an increase of floristic diversity, but this treatment is henceforward unfavourable to floristic diversity. Quizalofop treatments improve floristic diversity two years after treatment. Asulam and hexazinone treatment have not effect on floristic diversity. (IV) Glyphosate, Asulam and hexazinone treatments modify floristic composition when quizalofop has not effect on it. (V) Glyphosate treatment has involved a significant decrease of the abundance of three non-target species but it has allowed the abundance of Cytisus scoparius increase. Hexazinone treatment is significantly unfavourable to several non-target species. Asulam and quizalofop treatments have not unfavourable effect on non-target species.Le but de cette expérimentation est de (I) comprendre comment, sans traitement herbicide, la flore forestière est naturellement gérée par les facteurs environnementaux, analyser l'influence de traitements herbicides (Asulame, glyphosate, quizalofop et hexazinone) sur cette flore en utilisant différents critères : (II) la richesse spécifique, (III) la diversité floristique, (IV) la compositionde la flore et (V) la modification de l'abondance des espèces. (I) Un horizon organique épais induit une faible richesse spécifique. La présence de fossés favorise la richesse spécifique. Une microtopographie concave est corrélée à une faible richesse spécifique et à un fort recouvrement en molinie. Le recouvrement en fougère aigle n'est pas corrélé à une faible diversité mais le recouvrement en molinie est négativement corrélé à cette variable. (II) Deux ans après traitement, l'hexazinone n'a plus d'effet défavorable sur la richesse spécifique. Le quizalofop est sans effet négatif sur la richesse spécifique. Trois ans après traitement, le glyphosate et l'Asulame sont sans effet sur la richesse spécifique. (III) Le traitement glyphosate a entraîné une augmentation de la diversité floristique la première année mais cette modalité est désormais défavorable à la diversité floristique. Le quizalofop améliore toujours la diversité floristique deux ans après traitement. L'Asulame et l'hexazinone sont sans effet sur la diversité floristique.(IV) Le glyphosate,l'Asulame et l'hexazinone occasionnent une modification significative de la composition floristique alors que le quizalofop n'entraîne pas ce type d'effet. (V) Le glyphosate a entraîné une baisse significative du niveau de présence de trois espèces non cibles, mais il a favorisé une augmentation du nombre de semis de Cytisus scoparius. L'hexazinone est significativement défavorable à plusieurs espèces non cibles. L'Asulame et le quizalofop n'ont pas eut d'effet sur des espèces non cibles

  • Substitution de flores après traitements herbicides : mise au point d'une méthode d'étude de la dynamique de la végétation après traitements (Rapport final 2e tranche)
    HAL CCSD, 1999
    Co-Authors: Gama A., Dumas Y.
    Abstract:

    The aim of this experiment is (I): - To understand how, without herbicidal treatment, forest flora is naturally managed by environmental factors. - To test the influence of herbicidal treatments (Asulam, glyphosate, quizalofop and hexazinone) on this flora by using several criteria, (II) the species richness, (III) the floristic diversity, (IV) the floristic composition and (V) the abundance of the species. (I) A thick organic horizon induces low species richness. The presence of ditches is favourable to species richness. A concave microtopography is correlated to a low level of species richness and a high level of purple moor-grass cover. Bracken cover is not correlated with species richness but purple moor-grass is negatively correlated to this variable. (II) After one year, hexazinone treatment is unfavourable to species richness. Quizalofop has not effect on species richness in one experiment and is favourable to it in the other. After two years, glyphosate and Asulam treatments have not effect on species richness. (III) After one year, glyphosate treatment has induced an increase of floristic diversity, but this treatment is henceforward unfavourable to floristic diversity. Quizalofop and hexazinone treatments improve floristic diversity in the first. Asulam treatment has not effect on floristic diversity in the first year and become unfavourable in the second year. (IV) Glyphosate, Asulam and hexazinone treatments modify floristic composition when quizalofop has not effect on it. (V) Glyphosate treatment has involved a significant decrease of the abundance of three non-target species but it has allowed the abundance of Betula pendula increase. Hexazinone treatment is significantly unfavourable to several non-target species. Asulam and quizalofop treatments have not unfavourable effect on non-target species.Le but de cette expérimentation est de (I) comprendre comment, sans traitement herbicide, la flore forestière est naturellement gérée par les facteurs environnementaux, analyser l'influence de traitements herbicides (Asulame, glyphosate, quizalofop et hexazinone) sur cette flore en utilisant différents critères : (II) la richesse spécifique, (III) la diversité floristique, (IV) la composition de la flore et (V) la modification de l'abondance des espèces. (I) Un horizon organique épais induit une faible richesse spécifique. La présence de fossés favorise la richesse spécifique. Une microtopographie concave est corrélée à une faible richesse spécifique et à un fort recouvrement en molinie. Le recouvrement en fougère aigle n'est pas corrélé à une faible diversité mais le recouvrement en molinie est négativement corrélé à cette variable. (II) Un an après traitement, l'hexazinone a un effet défavorable sur la richesse spécifique. Le quizalofop est sans effet négatif sur la richesse spécifique. Deux ans après traitement, le glyphosate et l'Asulame sont sans effet sur la richesse spécifique. (III) Le traitement glyphosate a entraîné une augmentation de la diversité floristique la première année mais cette modalité est désormais défavorable à la diversité floristique. Le quizalofop et l'hexazinone améliorent la diversité floristique la première. L'Asulame est sans effet sur la diversité floristique la première année et devient défavorable la deuxième année. (IV) Le glyphosate, l'Asulame et l'hexazinone occasionnent une modification significative de la composition floristique alors que le quizalofop n'a pas d'effet sur elle. (V) Le glyphosate a entraîné une baisse significative du niveau de présence de trois espèces non cibles, mais il a favorisé une augmentation du nombre de semis de Betula pendula. L'hexazinone est significativement défavorable à plusieurs espèces non cibles. L'Asulame et le quizalofop n'ont pas eut d'effet sur des espèces non cibles

  • Effets du contrôle des fougères herbicides sur les changements floristiques en accord avec les facteurs environnementaux
    HAL CCSD, 1998
    Co-Authors: Dumas Y., Gama A.
    Abstract:

    Asulam and glyphosate are frequently used in France to control Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). We attempt to understand, with this type of experiment, how herbicide and environment modify plant community and to determine which of the two treatments is more favorable to floristic diversity. The environmental factor having the greatest influence on floristic diversity before treatment is the depth of organic horizon. Treatments have no effect (P=0,7) on species richness but glyphosate treatment induces uniformity of the different species cover and is favorable to species diversity quantified one year after treatment with Shannon and Simpson index

Tebello Nyokong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Robin J Pakeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • change to ecosystem properties through changing the dominant species impact of pteridium aquilinum control and heathland restoration treatments on selected soil properties
    Journal of Environmental Management, 2018
    Co-Authors: Gregg Milligan, E S Cox, Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, K E Booth, Leslie Connor, Sabena Blackbird, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    It is well known that soils are influenced by the plant species that grow in them. Here we consider the effects of management-induced changes to plant communities and their soils during restoration within a 20-year manipulative experiment where the aim was to change a late-successional community dominated by the weed, Pteridium aquilinum, to an earlier-successional grass-heath one. The ecological restoration treatments altered the above- and below-ground components of the community substantially. Untreated plots maintained a dense Pteridium cover with little understory vegetation, cutting treatments produce significant reductions of Pteridium, whereas herbicide (Asulam) produced significant immediate reductions in Pteridium but regressed towards the untreated plots within 10 years. Thereafter, all Asulam-treated plots were re-treated in year 11, and then were spot-sprayed annually. Both cutting and Asulam treatments reduced frond density to almost zero and resulted in a grass-heath vegetation. There was also a massive change in biomass distribution, untreated plots had a large above-ground biomass/necromass that was much reduced where Pteridium was controlled. Below-ground in treated plots, there was a replacement of the substantive Pteridium rhizome mass with a much greater root mass of other species. The combined effects of Pteridium-control and restoration treatment, reduced soil total C and N as and available P concentrations, but increased soil pH and available N. Soil biological activity was also affected with a reduction in soil N mineralization rate, but an increased soil-root respiration. Multivariate analysis showed a clear trend along a pH/organic matter gradient, with movement along it correlated to management intensity from the untreated plots with low pH/high organic matter and treated plots with to a higher pH/lower organic matter in the sequence Asulam treatment, cut once per year to cut twice per year. The role that these changed soil conditions might have in restricting Pteridium recovery are discussed.

  • the effectiveness of old and new strategies for the long term control of pteridium aquilinum an 8 year test
    Weed Research, 2016
    Co-Authors: G Milligan, Josu G. Alday, E S Cox, Robin J Pakeman, M Le G Duc, Victor M Santana, Hugh A Mcallister, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    There is a need for management strategies to control dominant perennial weeds and restore seminatural communities. We compared the effects of five weed control treatments on dense Pteridium aquilinum relative to an untreated experimental control over an 8‐year period with the aim of restoring acid grassland. The weed control treatments tested were as follows: cutting and bruising, both twice and thrice annually, and herbicide treatment (Asulam in year 1 followed by annual spot retreatment of all emergent fronds). Pteridium aquilinum performance and plant species composition were monitored. Data were analysed using Bayesian mixed‐effect models and multivariate techniques. Cutting twice and thrice yearly and the Asulam treatment all reduced frond density to zero; both bruising treatments were ineffective. The plant communities in the cut and Asulam‐treated plots showed differences from the untreated and bruised plots; the Asulam‐treated plots contained more ruderal species and the cut plots were more typical of acid grassland. Acid grassland recovery was fastest in the Asulam‐treated plots, but the cut plots caught up after approximately 5 years. There were two important conclusions. First, an intractable weed like P. aquilinum can be eradicated and a vegetation more suited for grazing can be achieved by the continuous application of some treatments over many years. Here, success was achieved by cutting twice/thrice annually, or by a single Asulam application followed by annual spot spraying of all emergent fronds for 8 years. Second, bruising, a treatment favoured by some conservation organisations, did not work and cannot be recommended. The use of long‐term, continuously applied treatments might be considered for all perennial weeds with large underground root/rhizome systems.

  • the effects of cutting and herbicide treatment on pteridium aquilinum encroachment
    Applied Vegetation Science, 2002
    Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, R H Thwaites, M Le G Duc, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    Abstract Pteridium aquilinum (bracken) encroachment is an important factor in the loss of certain habitats in the United Kingdom. However, no information exists as to whether prevention of encroachment is a cost-effective strategy for Pteridium management. Conventional methods for the control of Pteridium (cutting, Asulam application) were tested at one site (Levisham) to quantify their ability to prevent or delay encroachment and to affect the vigour of the Pteridium at the edge of the stand. The effects of encroachment and Asulam application on the vegetation present were monitored at a second site (Ramsley), where techniques commonly used for moorland restoration were employed in combination with Asulam application. Cutting once per year or a single application of Asulam delayed the advance of the Pteridium front. At Levisham, the untreated front advanced 2.7 m in 5 yr, while in the same period the cut front advanced 0.88 m and the sprayed front was 1.5 m behind its initial position. At Ramsley, the un...

  • bracken distribution in great britain strategies for its control and the sustainable management of marginal land
    Annals of Botany, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robin J Pakeman, Mike Le G Duc, R H Marrs
    Abstract:

    Bracken is often perceived as a widespread and increasing land management problem. The pollen record of a wide range of sites in Great Britain suggests that the current abundance of bracken is less than or, at worst, equivalent to maximum historical levels. Recently gathered data also suggest that bracken cover is declining. Results of risk assessments of land use change, and experimental and modelling investigations into the effects of climate change are synthesized. This synthesis suggests that there is the potential for increased bracken dominance in northern Britain, spread into new areas at high altitudes, and possible spread into areas with reduced grazing. However, this must be set against any changes in the extent of other vegetation types at the expense of bracken. There is now a long history of bracken control, both in Great Britain and globally. Conventional methods of control (cutting, Asulam application) are well understood, but many control attempts do not result in long-term success, as control is often not followed by aftercare. Bracken control is just one part of the process to ensure a sustainable use of resources and to maintain biodiversity. A coherent strategy for bracken control is put forward, a necessary part of which includes the restoration of vegetation and subsequent land management which takes into account an understanding of bracken ecology.

  • the ecology of bracken its role in succession and implications for control
    Annals of Botany, 2000
    Co-Authors: R H Marrs, M Le G Duc, Ruth J Mitchell, D Goddard, S Paterson, Robin J Pakeman
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bracken (Pteridium) holds a pivotal role in succession, usually occurring in sequence between plagio-climax communities such as heathland and woodland. It is at this interface that bracken causes problems for man, as the sub-seral communities are more valuable for agricultural use and most have a greater conservation value than bracken-dominated ones (there are a few exceptions). This paper examines the role of bracken in a series of successional trajectories on lowland heaths; there is evidence that bracken occurs in a trajectory towards birch woodland in Dorset. Whether the bracken stage is an intermediate stage towards woodland or acts as a ‘mini-climax’ in itself remains to be demonstrated. Thereafter, the impact of bracken control on vegetation development is examined from two successional viewpoints, succession reversal towards the early successional communities, and successional accelerations towards woodland. A range of examples is provided from: (1) lowland heaths in England; (2) moorlands in upland Britain where bracken has been treated with Asulam; and (3) in North Wales where attempts have been made to restock woodlands.

Related terms

Asulam - 15 days free trial to Access Experts & Abstracts