The Experts below are selected from a list of 675 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
T. Nishida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Symbiosis of a termite and a sclerotium-forming fungus: Sclerotia mimic termite eggs
Ecological Research, 2000Co-Authors: K. Matsuura, C. Tanaka, T. NishidaAbstract:Brown balls, of a similar size but different shape to termite eggs, were found frequently in the piles of eggs of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus . rDNA analysis identified the ball as the sclerotia of the fungus, Fibularhizoctonia sp. nov, which is phylogenetically closest to decay fungi, Athelia spp. Laboratory observation showed that the workers gathered the eggs and the sclerotia indiscriminately, even if they were widely scattered in a Petri dish, and piled them up in a specific place for egg care. We compared the morphology of the eggs with that of sclerotia of Fibularhizoctonia spp. and Athelia spp. in relation to egg carrying behaviour, and found that the workers could only carry the Fibularhizoctonia spp. sclerotia whose diameters were similar to the short diameter of the eggs. We also conducted a bioassay using termite eggs and dummy eggs (glass beads and sea sand) of two diameter-classes, coated with or without the egg-derived chemicals. The workers recognized the eggs based on a combination of the size, shape, and chemical cues. All the results suggested that the sclerotia mimic the eggs both morphologically and chemically. Finally, we found that the workers suppressed germination of sclerotia, and termite egg survival increased in the presence of sclerotia only if they were tended by the workers. If the workers were removed experimentally, the sclerotia germinated and grew by exploiting termite eggs. These results suggest that the sclerotia protect termite eggs from putative pathogens.
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Symbiosis of a termite and a sclerotium‐forming fungus: Sclerotia mimic termite eggs
Ecological Research, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Matsuura, C. Tanaka, T. NishidaAbstract:Brown balls, of a similar size but different shape to termite eggs, were found frequently in the piles of eggs of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. rDNA analysis identified the ball as the sclerotia of the fungus, Fibularhizoctonia sp. nov, which is phylogenetically closest to decay fungi, Athelia spp. Laboratory observation showed that the workers gathered the eggs and the sclerotia indiscriminately, even if they were widely scattered in a Petri dish, and piled them up in a specific place for egg care. We compared the morphology of the eggs with that of sclerotia of Fibularhizoctonia spp. and Athelia spp. in relation to egg carrying behaviour, and found that the workers could only carry the Fibularhizoctonia spp. sclerotia whose diameters were similar to the short diameter of the eggs. We also conducted a bioassay using termite eggs and dummy eggs (glass beads and sea sand) of two diameter-classes, coated with or without the egg-derived chemicals. The workers recognized the eggs based on a combination of the size, shape, and chemical cues. All the results suggested that the sclerotia mimic the eggs both morphologically and chemically. Finally, we found that the workers suppressed germination of sclerotia, and termite egg survival increased in the presence of sclerotia only if they were tended by the workers. If the workers were removed experimentally, the sclerotia germinated and grew by exploiting termite eggs. These results suggest that the sclerotia protect termite eggs from putative pathogens.
Virginia E Kimonis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hypothelia, syndactyly, and ear malformation--a variant of the scalp-ear-nipple syndrome?: Case report and review of the literature.
American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 2005Co-Authors: Hagit Baris, Wen-hann Tan, Virginia E KimonisAbstract:The scalp-ear-nipple syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition that involves lesions of the scalp, malformed external ears, and absence of rudimentary nipples and breasts. We report a case of a woman with hypothelia, bilateral mildly malformed ears, and syndactyly of the hands and feet, and review the literature on the hypothelia/Athelia phenotype. This case may represent a mild phenotype of the scalp-ear-nipple syndrome or a newly recognized entity.
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hypothelia syndactyly and ear malformation a variant of the scalp ear nipple syndrome case report and review of the literature
American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2005Co-Authors: Hagit N Baris, Wen-hann Tan, Virginia E KimonisAbstract:The scalp-ear-nipple syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant condition that involves lesions of the scalp, malformed external ears, and absence of rudimentary nipples and breasts. We report a case of a woman with hypothelia, bilateral mildly malformed ears, and syndactyly of the hands and feet, and review the literature on the hypothelia/Athelia phenotype. This case may represent a mild phenotype of the scalp-ear-nipple syndrome or a newly recognized entity. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dinesh Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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draft whole genome sequence of groundnut stem rot fungus Athelia rolfsii revealing genetic architect of its pathogenicity and virulence
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: M A Iquebal, Rukam S Tomar, Manoj V Parakhia, Deepak Singla, Sarika Jaiswal, Visha M Rathod, S M Padhiyar, Neeraj Kumar, Anil Rai, Dinesh KumarAbstract:Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed crop having major biotic constraint in production due to stem rot disease caused by fungus, Athelia rolfsii causing 25–80% loss in productivity. As chemical and biological combating strategies of this fungus are not very effective, thus genome sequencing can reveal virulence and pathogenicity related genes for better understanding of the host-parasite interaction. We report draft assembly of Athelia rolfsii genome of ~73 Mb having 8919 contigs. Annotation analysis revealed 16830 genes which are involved in fungicide resistance, virulence and pathogenicity along with putative effector and lethal genes. Secretome analysis revealed CAZY genes representing 1085 enzymatic genes, glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, carbohydrate-binding modules, auxillary activities, glycosyl transferases and polysaccharide lyases. Repeat analysis revealed 11171 SSRs, LTR, GYPSY and COPIA elements. Comparative analysis with other existing ascomycotina genome predicted conserved domain family of WD40, CYP450, Pkinase and ABC transporter revealing insight of evolution of pathogenicity and virulence. This study would help in understanding pathogenicity and virulence at molecular level and development of new combating strategies. Such approach is imperative in endeavour of genome based solution in stem rot disease management leading to better productivity of groundnut crop in tropical region of world.
W.h. Tsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Induction of Basidia and Morphological Comparison Among Isolates of Athelia (Sclerotium) Rolfsii
Mycologia, 1992Co-Authors: T.f. Hsieh, W.h. TsaiAbstract:Sclerotium rolfsii is a widespread sclerotial fungus that causes leaf and stem blights of a large number of plants. Infrequently its teleomorph, Athelia rolfsii, has been found in nature or induced to form under laboratory conditions. Laboratory induction of the teleomorph of such isolates has often proven difficult or impossible. As a result there are numerous isolates of S. rolfsii for which the teleomorph stage is unknown or uncertain. We undertook a number of experiments on a large variety of isolates to test the impact of several environmental factors on teleomorph induction in S. rolfsii, and compared morphological features of each teleomorph induced to determine if they were all, in fact, Athelia rolfsii. A corn-leaf-culture method is recommended for rapid, dependable teleomorph production. We conclude that all isolates of the teleomorph stage we induced were A. rolfsii.
Kenji Matsuura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Athelia termitophila sp. nov. is the teleomorph of the termite ball fungus Fibularhizoctonia sp.
Mycoscience, 2020Co-Authors: Nitaro Maekawa, Hiroaki Yokoi, Kozue Sotome, Kenji Matsuura, Chihiro Tanaka, Naoki Endo, Akira Nakagiri, Shuji UshijimaAbstract:Abstract A new species of Athelia, A. termitophila, from Japan is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Basidiomes of this species are characterized by having hyphae sometimes with clamp connections at the septa, basidia without clamp connections at the basal septa, and ellipsoid to ovoid basidiospores measuring 4.5–6 × 3–4.5 μm. In culture, mycelia produce pale brown, orange-brown to brown, globose sclerotia measuring 0.24–0.41 mm diam. The sclerotia are distinctly different in shape and size from those of other Athelia species, and are occasionally found inside the woody substrate beneath basidiomes. They are identical in shape and size to those of Fibularhizoctonia sp., also known as termite balls. Phylogenetic analysis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data revealed that A. termitophila is the teleomorph of Fibularhizoctonia sp.
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Symbiosis of a termite and a sclerotium‐forming fungus: Sclerotia mimic termite eggs
Ecological Research, 2000Co-Authors: Kenji Matsuura, C. Tanaka, T. NishidaAbstract:Brown balls, of a similar size but different shape to termite eggs, were found frequently in the piles of eggs of the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. rDNA analysis identified the ball as the sclerotia of the fungus, Fibularhizoctonia sp. nov, which is phylogenetically closest to decay fungi, Athelia spp. Laboratory observation showed that the workers gathered the eggs and the sclerotia indiscriminately, even if they were widely scattered in a Petri dish, and piled them up in a specific place for egg care. We compared the morphology of the eggs with that of sclerotia of Fibularhizoctonia spp. and Athelia spp. in relation to egg carrying behaviour, and found that the workers could only carry the Fibularhizoctonia spp. sclerotia whose diameters were similar to the short diameter of the eggs. We also conducted a bioassay using termite eggs and dummy eggs (glass beads and sea sand) of two diameter-classes, coated with or without the egg-derived chemicals. The workers recognized the eggs based on a combination of the size, shape, and chemical cues. All the results suggested that the sclerotia mimic the eggs both morphologically and chemically. Finally, we found that the workers suppressed germination of sclerotia, and termite egg survival increased in the presence of sclerotia only if they were tended by the workers. If the workers were removed experimentally, the sclerotia germinated and grew by exploiting termite eggs. These results suggest that the sclerotia protect termite eggs from putative pathogens.