The Experts below are selected from a list of 30111 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Andres Alastuey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • size and time resolved roadside enrichment of Atmospheric Particulate pollutants
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011
    Co-Authors: Fulvio Amato, Andres Alastuey, Mar Viana, A Richard, Markus Furger, Andre S H Prevot, S Nava, F Lucarelli, Nicolas Bukowiecki, Cristina Reche
    Abstract:

    Abstract. Size and time-resolved roadside enrichments of Atmospheric Particulate pollutants in PM10 were detected and quantified in a Mediterranean urban environment (Barcelona, Spain). Simultaneous data from one urban background (UB), one traffic (T) and one heavy traffic (HT) location were analysed, and roadside PM10 enrichments (RE) in a number of elements arising from vehicular emissions were calculated. Tracers of primary traffic emissions (EC, Fe, Ba, Cu, Sb, Cr, Sn) showed the largest REs (>70%). Other traffic tracers (Zr, Cd) showed lower but still consistent REs (25–40%), similar to those obtained for mineral matter resulting from road dust resuspension (Ca, La, Ce, Ti, Ga, Sr, 30–40%). The sum of primary and secondary organic carbon showed a RE of 41%, with contributions of secondary OC (SOC) to total OC ranging from 46% at the HT site, 63% at the T site, and 78% in the UB. Finally, other trace elements (As, Co, Bi) showed unexpected but consistent roadside enrichments (23% up to 69%), suggesting a link to traffic emissions even though the emission process is unclear. Hourly-resolved PM speciation data proved to be a highly resourceful tool to determine the source origin of Atmospheric pollutants in urban environments. At the HT site, up to 62% of fine Mn was attributable to industrial plumes, whereas coarse Mn levels were mainly attributed to traffic. Similarly, even though Zn showed on average no roadside enrichment and thus was classified as industrial, the hourly-resolved data proved that at least 15% of coarse Zn may be attributed to road traffic emissions. In addition, our results indicate that secondary nitrate formation occurs within the city-scale, even in the absence of long Atmospheric residence times or long-range Atmospheric transport processes. Characteristic tracer ratios of road traffic emissions were identified: Cu/Sb = 6.8–8.0, Cu/Sn = 4.7–5.4 and Sn/Sb = 1.5.

  • lanthanoid geochemistry of urban Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Teresa Moreno, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Jorge Pey, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Noemi Perez, Rosa M Bernabe, S Blanco, B Cardenas, Wes Gibbons
    Abstract:

    Relatively little is known about the lanthanoid element (La to Lu) chemistry of inhalable urban Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM). PM samples collected during an air sampling campaign in the Mexi...

  • characterisation of local and external contributions of Atmospheric Particulate matter at a background coastal site
    Atmospheric Environment, 2007
    Co-Authors: Pedro Salvador, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Begona Artinano, Miguel Costoya
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study applies a methodology for discriminating local and external contributions of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM) at a rural background station in the North-western coast of Spain. The main inputs at the nearest scale have come from soil dust, marine aerosol and road traffic. At a larger scale, the highest contributions have come from fossil-fuel combustion sources, giving rise to relatively high ammonium sulphate background levels, mainly in summer. External contributions from long-range transport processes of African dust and nitrate have been detected. Morocco and Western Sahara have been identified as the main potential source regions of African dust, with a higher content of Al and Ti than other crustal components. Geographical areas from central and Eastern Europe have been identified as potential sources of Particulate nitrate. The discrimination of the PM contribution from natural and anthropogenic sources at different geographical scales is a necessary information for establishing PM reduction strategies in specific areas.

  • A new method for the simultaneous determination of PAH and metals in samples of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Atmospheric Environment, 2003
    Co-Authors: M. Piñeiro-iglesias, Xavier Querol, Purificación López-mahía, Soledad Muniategui-lorenzo, Darío Prada-rodríguez, Andres Alastuey
    Abstract:

    A method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals in the same filter portion employed for Atmospheric Particulate samples collection is proposed in this study. Two standard reference materials, SRM 1648 and SRM 1649a, were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction with hexane/acetone (1:1) and the solid residue was acid digested for the determination of levels of metals. It is demonstrated that there were no significant losses of the metal load during the PAH extraction process. Finally, the devised methodology was applied to actual Atmospheric Particulate samples.

Jie Ding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • single particle analysis for structure and iron chemistry of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Analytical Chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lijuan Zhang, Jie Ding, Yong Guan, Yalin Cong, Liang Chen, Yufeng Li, Lili Zhang
    Abstract:

    As a representative transition metal, iron plays a key role in chemical activities of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM), being involved in particle-related free radical generation and adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of the structure and properties of individual micrometer-sized Particulates obscures investigating the contributions of iron toward chemical activities. Here, we describe multidimensional analytical strategies to characterize the mass, spatial distribution, and chemical forms of iron in single haze particles using synchrotron radiation techniques. We first used X-ray fluorescence imaging to quantify the masses of multiple metals and yielded distribution maps of transition metals, which revealed the types of elements that tend to occur together. Additionally, we employed nanocomputed tomography to assess the spatial distribution of iron and observed that iron exists as small aggregates and is concentrated primarily in subsurface regions. We also combined X-ray absorptio...

  • single particle analysis for structure and iron chemistry of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Analytical Chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lijuan Zhang, Jie Ding, Yong Guan, Yalin Cong, Liang Chen, Lili Zhang, Jian Wang, Ru Bai
    Abstract:

    As a representative transition metal, iron plays a key role in chemical activities of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM), being involved in particle-related free radical generation and adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of the structure and properties of individual micrometer-sized Particulates obscures investigating the contributions of iron toward chemical activities. Here, we describe multidimensional analytical strategies to characterize the mass, spatial distribution, and chemical forms of iron in single haze particles using synchrotron radiation techniques. We first used X-ray fluorescence imaging to quantify the masses of multiple metals and yielded distribution maps of transition metals, which revealed the types of elements that tend to occur together. Additionally, we employed nanocomputed tomography to assess the spatial distribution of iron and observed that iron exists as small aggregates and is concentrated primarily in subsurface regions. We also combined X-ray absorption near structures with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy to quantify the ferrous and ferric forms and mapped their distributions in individual particles, which probably attribute chemical activity of iron. In conclusion, we demonstrated the power of synchrotron radiation-based techniques to study heretofore inaccessible chemical information in single haze particles, which may provide important clues about iron chemistry as a source of Fenton reactions and health effects. The multifaceted analytical approaches exhibit high sensitivity (subfemtogram per particle or ∼0.2 fg/μm2) toward multiple elements and are promising to be used for studying other concepts such as the solubility of aerosol iron, the heterogeneous oxidation of organic matters and SO2, and the formation and the aging of haze particles.

Massimo Pezza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban Atmospheric Particulate matter in the city of Naples (Italy)
    Atmospheric Environment, 1999
    Co-Authors: A.m. Caricchia, Salvatore Chiavarini, Massimo Pezza
    Abstract:

    Abstract An investigation on PAH in the Atmospheric Particulate matter of the city of Naples has been carried out. Urban Atmospheric Particulate matter was sampled in three sampling sites (West, East and central areas of the city), whose characteristics were representative of the prevailing conditions. In each site, 24 h samplings for 7 consecutive days were performed during three sampling campaigns, in 1996–1997. The results were comparable with those reported in literature for similar investigations. Total PAH were in the range 2–130 ng m−3, with a seasonal variation (autumn/winter vs. summer) in the range 1.5–4.5. The relative contribution of diesel engines vs. gasoline fuelled engines was evidenced.

Yalin Cong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • single particle analysis for structure and iron chemistry of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Analytical Chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lijuan Zhang, Jie Ding, Yong Guan, Yalin Cong, Liang Chen, Yufeng Li, Lili Zhang
    Abstract:

    As a representative transition metal, iron plays a key role in chemical activities of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM), being involved in particle-related free radical generation and adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of the structure and properties of individual micrometer-sized Particulates obscures investigating the contributions of iron toward chemical activities. Here, we describe multidimensional analytical strategies to characterize the mass, spatial distribution, and chemical forms of iron in single haze particles using synchrotron radiation techniques. We first used X-ray fluorescence imaging to quantify the masses of multiple metals and yielded distribution maps of transition metals, which revealed the types of elements that tend to occur together. Additionally, we employed nanocomputed tomography to assess the spatial distribution of iron and observed that iron exists as small aggregates and is concentrated primarily in subsurface regions. We also combined X-ray absorptio...

  • single particle analysis for structure and iron chemistry of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Analytical Chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Lijuan Zhang, Jie Ding, Yong Guan, Yalin Cong, Liang Chen, Lili Zhang, Jian Wang, Ru Bai
    Abstract:

    As a representative transition metal, iron plays a key role in chemical activities of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM), being involved in particle-related free radical generation and adverse health effects. However, limited understanding of the structure and properties of individual micrometer-sized Particulates obscures investigating the contributions of iron toward chemical activities. Here, we describe multidimensional analytical strategies to characterize the mass, spatial distribution, and chemical forms of iron in single haze particles using synchrotron radiation techniques. We first used X-ray fluorescence imaging to quantify the masses of multiple metals and yielded distribution maps of transition metals, which revealed the types of elements that tend to occur together. Additionally, we employed nanocomputed tomography to assess the spatial distribution of iron and observed that iron exists as small aggregates and is concentrated primarily in subsurface regions. We also combined X-ray absorption near structures with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy to quantify the ferrous and ferric forms and mapped their distributions in individual particles, which probably attribute chemical activity of iron. In conclusion, we demonstrated the power of synchrotron radiation-based techniques to study heretofore inaccessible chemical information in single haze particles, which may provide important clues about iron chemistry as a source of Fenton reactions and health effects. The multifaceted analytical approaches exhibit high sensitivity (subfemtogram per particle or ∼0.2 fg/μm2) toward multiple elements and are promising to be used for studying other concepts such as the solubility of aerosol iron, the heterogeneous oxidation of organic matters and SO2, and the formation and the aging of haze particles.

Xavier Querol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • new insights from zinc and copper isotopic compositions into the sources of Atmospheric Particulate matter from two major european cities
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ochoa R Gonzalez, Xavier Querol, Fulvio Amato, Stanislav Strekopytov, C Reche, Dominik J Weiss
    Abstract:

    This study reports spatial and temporal variability of Zn and Cu isotopes in Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM) collected in two major European cities with contrasting Atmospheric pollution, Barcelona and London. We demonstrate that nontraditional stable isotopes identify source contributions of Zn and Cu and can play a major role in future air quality studies. In Barcelona, samples of fine PM were collected at street level at sites with variable traffic density. The isotopic signatures ranged between −0.13 ± 0.09 and −0.51 ± 0.05‰ for δ66ZnIRMM and between +0.04 ± 0.20 and +0.33 ± 0.15‰ for δ65CuAE633. Copper isotope signatures similar to those of Cu sulfides and Cu/Sb ratios within the range typically found in brake wear suggest that nonexhaust emissions from vehicles are dominant. Negative Zn isotopic signatures characteristic for gaseous emissions from smelting and combustion and large enrichments of Zn and Cd suggest contribution from metallurgical industries. In London, samples of coarse PM collect...

  • lanthanoid geochemistry of urban Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Teresa Moreno, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Jorge Pey, Maria Cruz Minguillon, Noemi Perez, Rosa M Bernabe, S Blanco, B Cardenas, Wes Gibbons
    Abstract:

    Relatively little is known about the lanthanoid element (La to Lu) chemistry of inhalable urban Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM). PM samples collected during an air sampling campaign in the Mexi...

  • characterisation of local and external contributions of Atmospheric Particulate matter at a background coastal site
    Atmospheric Environment, 2007
    Co-Authors: Pedro Salvador, Xavier Querol, Andres Alastuey, Begona Artinano, Miguel Costoya
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study applies a methodology for discriminating local and external contributions of Atmospheric Particulate matter (PM) at a rural background station in the North-western coast of Spain. The main inputs at the nearest scale have come from soil dust, marine aerosol and road traffic. At a larger scale, the highest contributions have come from fossil-fuel combustion sources, giving rise to relatively high ammonium sulphate background levels, mainly in summer. External contributions from long-range transport processes of African dust and nitrate have been detected. Morocco and Western Sahara have been identified as the main potential source regions of African dust, with a higher content of Al and Ti than other crustal components. Geographical areas from central and Eastern Europe have been identified as potential sources of Particulate nitrate. The discrimination of the PM contribution from natural and anthropogenic sources at different geographical scales is a necessary information for establishing PM reduction strategies in specific areas.

  • A new method for the simultaneous determination of PAH and metals in samples of Atmospheric Particulate matter
    Atmospheric Environment, 2003
    Co-Authors: M. Piñeiro-iglesias, Xavier Querol, Purificación López-mahía, Soledad Muniategui-lorenzo, Darío Prada-rodríguez, Andres Alastuey
    Abstract:

    A method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and metals in the same filter portion employed for Atmospheric Particulate samples collection is proposed in this study. Two standard reference materials, SRM 1648 and SRM 1649a, were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction with hexane/acetone (1:1) and the solid residue was acid digested for the determination of levels of metals. It is demonstrated that there were no significant losses of the metal load during the PAH extraction process. Finally, the devised methodology was applied to actual Atmospheric Particulate samples.