The Experts below are selected from a list of 6414 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Pierre Meystre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Atom Optics in a nutshell
    Optics in Our Time, 2016
    Co-Authors: Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    This chapter presents a brief introduction to Atom Optics, assuming only a basic knowledge of elementary physics ideas such as conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, and making only limited use of elementary algebra. Starting from a historical perspective we introduce the idea of wave-particle duality, a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics that teaches us that Atoms, just like light, behave sometimes as waves, and sometimes as particles. It is this profound but counter-intuitive property that allows one to do with Atoms much of what is familiar from conventional Optics. However, because in contrast to photons Atoms have a mass, there are also fundamental differences between the two that have important consequences. In particular this property opens up a number of applications that are ill-suited for conventional optical methods. After explaining why it is particularly advantageous to work at temperatures close to absolute zero to benefit most readily from the wave nature of Atoms we discuss several of these applications, concentrating primarily on the promise of Atom microscopes and Atom interferometers in addressing fundamental and extraordinarily challenging questions at the frontier of current physics knowledge.

  • Nonlinear Atom Optics
    Contemporary Physics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Brian P Anderson, Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    {W}e study an ensemble of {N} bosonic Atoms coupled by dipole-dipole\ninteraction and also interacting with an electromagnetic field. {E}ffective\nsingle-Atom nonlinear {S}chr�dinger equations are derived. {T}he\nimplications of these equations are discussed in the context of some\nstandard Atom Optics geometries, illustrating in particular how many-body\neffects modify the {P}endell�sung of {B}ragg scattering. {I}n another\nregime, the problem is reduced to a classical massive {T}hirring\nmodel, with the possibility of generating Atomic {T}hirring solitons.

  • Fundamental limit for integrated Atom Optics with Bose-Einstein condensates
    Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Weiping Zhang, Ewan M. Wright, Han Pu, Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    The dynamical response of an Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate manipulated by an integrated Atom Optics device such as a microtrap or a microfabricated waveguide is studied. We show that when the miniaturization of the device enforces a sufficiently high condensate density, three-body interactions lead to a spatial modulational instability that results in a fundamental limit on the coherent manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates.

  • Nonlinear Atom Optics
    Contemporary Physics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Brian P Anderson, Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    The availability of coherent matter waves from Bose-Einstein condensates had led to the extension of Atom Optics from the linear to the nonlinear regime, in analogy with the developments in Optics following the invention of the laser. We provide a tutorial introduction to this emerging field, emphasizing the role of collisions as a “nonlinear medium” in the focusing and defocusing of matter waves, the launching of Atomic solitons, the generation of vortices, and the demonstration of four-wave mixing both among matter waves and between optical and matter waves.

  • Nonlinear Atom Optics: bosons vs fermions
    Coherence and Quantum Optics VIII, 2003
    Co-Authors: Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    Nonlinear Atom Optics, the matter-wave analog of nonlinear Optics, has recently been demonstrated in several experiments in quantum degenerate bosonic systems. Atomic four-wave mixing, as well as the nonlinear mixing between optical and matter waves, have been realized. In a parallel development, quantum degenerate Atomic Fermi systems have become available. This leads one to ask whether nonlinear Atom optical effects can occur in such systems, or whether they result from “Bose enhancement”, and hence are inherent to bosonic fields. To answer this question we compare Atomic four-wave mixing in quantum degenerate gases of bosonic and fermionic Atoms. We find that in principle, matter-wave gratings formed from either bosonic or fermionic Atoms can exhibit nearly identical Bragg scattering and four-wave mixing properties. This effect is due to constructive many-particle quantum interferences, which in the boson case are interpreted as “Bose enhancement.” This implies that effects such as coherent matter-wave amplification and superradiance can occur in degenerate Fermi gases.

Nir Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Realization of Loschmidt echo in Atom Optics billiard
    2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), 2007
    Co-Authors: Tzahi Grunzweig, Yoav Sagi, Y. Wang, Y. Hertzberg, Armin Ridinger, Nir Davidson
    Abstract:

    Loschmidt echo of Atoms trapped in Atom Optics billiards with chaotic and mixed dynamics is realized by performing a microwave Ramsey sequence to their internal state.

  • Atom-Optics Billiards: Non-linear dynamics with cold Atoms in optical traps
    arXiv: Chaotic Dynamics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Ariel Kaplan, Nir Friedman, M. F. Andersen, Nir Davidson
    Abstract:

    We present a new experimental system (the ``Atom-Optics billiard'') and demonstrate chaotic and regular dynamics of cold, optically trapped Atoms. We show that the softness of the walls and additional optical potentials can be used to manipulate the structure of phase space.

  • Integrability, Chaos and Mixed Phase-Space in Atom Optics Billiards
    Coherence and Quantum Optics VIII, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nir Friedman, Ariel Kaplan, M. F. Andersen, Nir Davidson
    Abstract:

    The dynamics of particles inside billiards has been extensively investigated both classically and quantum mechanically, since this very simple system yet exhibits a rich variety of nonlinear dynamics phenomena [1]. Hence, billiards where used to explore the connections between classical and quantum chaos, and also to shed light on the origins of statistical mechanics. Recently, we realized an “Atom-Optics billiard”, where ultra-cold Atoms are trapped inside a dark optical trap, whose shape can be varied to create different Atom dynamics [2]. In this work, we present numerical investigation and experimental realization of Atom-Optics billiards with ordered, chaotic or mixed phase-space dynamics.

  • Echo spectroscopy and Atom Optics Billiards
    Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 2003
    Co-Authors: Mikkel F. Andersen, Ariel Kaplan, Tzahi Grunzweig, Nir Davidson
    Abstract:

    We discuss a recently demonstrated type of microwave spectroscopy of trapped ultra-cold Atoms known as "echo spectroscopy" [M.F. Andersen et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett., in press (2002)]. Echo spectroscopy can serve as an extremely sensitive experimental tool for investigating quantum dynamics of trapped Atoms even when a large number of states are thermally populated. We show numerical results for the stability of eigenstates of an Atom-Optics billiard of the Bunimovich type, and discuss its behavior under different types of perturbations. Finally, we propose to use special geometrical constructions to make a dephasing free dipole trap.

  • Observation of chaotic and regular dynamics in Atom-Optics billiards
    Physical Review Letters, 2001
    Co-Authors: Nir Friedman, Dina Carasso, Ariel Kaplan, Nir Davidson
    Abstract:

    We report on experimental observations of chaotic and regular motion of ultracold Atoms confined by a billiard-shaped optical dipole potential induced by a rapidly scanning laser beam. To investigate the dynamics of the Atoms confined by such an “Atom-Optics” billiard we measure the decay of the number of trapped Atoms through a hole on the boundary. A fast and purely exponential decay, the clear signature of chaotic motion, is found for a stadium billiard, but not for a circular or an elliptical billiard, in agreement with theory. We also investigated the effects of decoherence, velocity spread, and gravity on regular and chaotic motion.

R Leonhardt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Weiping Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Goos-Hänchen-like shifts in Atom Optics
    Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jianhua Huang, Zhenglu Duan, Hong Y. Ling, Weiping Zhang
    Abstract:

    We consider the propagation of a matter wave packet of two-level Atoms through a square potential created by a super-Gaussian laser beam. We explore the matter wave analog of Goos-Hänchen shift within the framework of Atom Optics where the roles of Atom and light are exchanged with respect to conventional Optics. Using a vector theory, where Atoms are treated as particles possessing two internal spin components, we show that not only large negative but also large positive Goos-Hänchen shifts can occur in the reflected Atomic beam.

  • Fundamental limit for integrated Atom Optics with Bose-Einstein condensates
    Physical Review A - Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, 2003
    Co-Authors: Weiping Zhang, Ewan M. Wright, Han Pu, Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    The dynamical response of an Atomic Bose-Einstein condensate manipulated by an integrated Atom Optics device such as a microtrap or a microfabricated waveguide is studied. We show that when the miniaturization of the device enforces a sufficiently high condensate density, three-body interactions lead to a spatial modulational instability that results in a fundamental limit on the coherent manipulation of Bose-Einstein condensates.

  • Atom Optics - From de Broglie waves to Heisenberg ferromagnets
    Fortschritte der Physik, 2002
    Co-Authors: Han Pu, Chris Search, Weiping Zhang, Pierre Meystre
    Abstract:

    We review some of the key developments that lead to the field of Atom Optics. and discuss how it has recently began to make connections with Werner Heisenberg's trailblazing work on magnetism.

  • Transient Atom Optics: reflection and transmission of Atoms by a time-dependent laser field
    Atom Optics, 1997
    Co-Authors: Xia Miao Zeng, Weiping Zhang
    Abstract:

    Although there are many kinds of different techniques developed to manipulate Atomic matter waves, a laser beam is still considered as the most effective `optical element' to manipulate Atomic waves in Atom Optics. In the laser-based Atom optic devices, the spatial profiles of a laser beam play a central role in controlling the motion of Atoms. By choosing different spatial profiles of laser beams, one can construct Atom optic devices for different purposes. Recently experimental demonstrations of manipulation of center of mass motion of Atoms by time-dependent light field were reported. In this paper we theoretically study the transient effects in Atom Optics by using a laser pulse train. The reflection and transmission of Atoms through the laser pulse train are studied in detail. We find that the laser pulse train acts as both a spatial beam splitter and a `temporal grating' which can both reflect or transmit Atoms in spatial domain and `diffract' Atoms in the time domain.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

  • Vector quantum field theory of Atoms: nonlinear Atom Optics and Bose-Einstein condensate
    Australian Journal of Physics, 1996
    Co-Authors: Weiping Zhang
    Abstract:

    The recent experimental progress in laser cooling and trapping of neutral Atoms brings the Atomic samples into the ultracold regime where the bosonic Atoms and fermionic Atoms are expected to have different dynamic behaviours in the laser fields. In this paper we systematically introduce the theoretical study of interaction of an ultracold Atomic ensemble with a light wave in the frame of a vector quantum field theory. The many-body quantum correlation in the ultracold regime of Atom Optics is studied in terms of vector quantum field theory. A general formalism of nonlinear Atom Optics for a coherent Atomic beam is developed.

Mark Sadgrove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.