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Paul A Pilkonis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dispositional Attachment style moderates the effects of physiological coregulation on short term changes in Attachment anxiety and avoidance
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2021Co-Authors: Alison M Schreiber, Paul A Pilkonis, Michael N HallquistAbstract:Individuals with personality disorders often experience romantic relationship dysfunction and have an insecure Attachment style. Here, we examined Attachment dynamics in dyadic interactions, focusing specifically on the role of physiological coregulation in state Attachment processes in couples oversampled for personality pathology. A total of 121 couples completed a 10-minute discussion about an area of disagreement in their relationship and a 5-minute discussion in which they planned an event together. We used a dynamical model of heart rate changes to estimate coregulation. We found that (a) increases in state Attachment avoidance were associated with contrarian coregulation (heart rate becoming misaligned with the partner's physiology) and (b) conversely, increases in state Attachment anxiety were associated with dependent coregulation (heart rate becoming aligned with the partners' physiology). Dispositional Attachment Insecurity moderated the effects of state Attachment Insecurity on physiological coregulation. Whereas dispositional anxiety predicted individuals exhibiting dependent coregulation in response to state Insecurity, dispositional avoidance predicted contrarian coregulation in response to state Insecurity. This work provides insight into the role of physiological coregulation in Attachment dynamics among couples oversampled for personality pathology, suggesting that disruptions to coregulation contribute to impaired emotion regulation during romantic conflicts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, attributable, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social-cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety.
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, due, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and avoidant PD symptoms. The findings support theories that insecure Attachment is associated with difficulties in social cognition and that a distinctive pattern of impairment characterizes BPD.
Michael N Hallquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dispositional Attachment style moderates the effects of physiological coregulation on short term changes in Attachment anxiety and avoidance
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2021Co-Authors: Alison M Schreiber, Paul A Pilkonis, Michael N HallquistAbstract:Individuals with personality disorders often experience romantic relationship dysfunction and have an insecure Attachment style. Here, we examined Attachment dynamics in dyadic interactions, focusing specifically on the role of physiological coregulation in state Attachment processes in couples oversampled for personality pathology. A total of 121 couples completed a 10-minute discussion about an area of disagreement in their relationship and a 5-minute discussion in which they planned an event together. We used a dynamical model of heart rate changes to estimate coregulation. We found that (a) increases in state Attachment avoidance were associated with contrarian coregulation (heart rate becoming misaligned with the partner's physiology) and (b) conversely, increases in state Attachment anxiety were associated with dependent coregulation (heart rate becoming aligned with the partners' physiology). Dispositional Attachment Insecurity moderated the effects of state Attachment Insecurity on physiological coregulation. Whereas dispositional anxiety predicted individuals exhibiting dependent coregulation in response to state Insecurity, dispositional avoidance predicted contrarian coregulation in response to state Insecurity. This work provides insight into the role of physiological coregulation in Attachment dynamics among couples oversampled for personality pathology, suggesting that disruptions to coregulation contribute to impaired emotion regulation during romantic conflicts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, attributable, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social-cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety.
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, due, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and avoidant PD symptoms. The findings support theories that insecure Attachment is associated with difficulties in social cognition and that a distinctive pattern of impairment characterizes BPD.
Anja Mehnerttheuerkauf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the role of Attachment avoidance a longitudinal mediation model predicting existential distress in patients with advanced cancer
Psycho-oncology, 2021Co-Authors: Rebecca Philipp, Anja Mehnerttheuerkauf, Susan Koranyi, Martin Harter, Sigrun VehlingAbstract:Objective Although a protective effect of reliable interpersonal relationships on existential distress has been established, evidence remains inconclusive for Attachment Insecurity as an underlying factor of persistent psychological distress. We tested a longitudinal model hypothesizing Attachment avoidance as a mediator of high demoralization and anxiety over time. Methods We studied 206 patients with advanced cancer (mean age = 59.6, 61% female) participating in an intervention trial. Patients completed self-report measures for demoralization, anxiety, perceived relatedness, Attachment Insecurity, and death anxiety. Our mediated path model included perceived relatedness and death anxiety at baseline as predictors, Attachment avoidance at baseline as mediator, and demoralization and anxiety at 6-month follow-up (N = 125) as outcomes. Results Attachment avoidance partially mediated the relationship between death anxiety and demoralization (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02-0.12) and anxiety (β = 0.05, 95% CI 0.001-0.10). Findings for perceived relatedness were less conclusive. Its indirect effects through Attachment avoidance were significant for both outcomes (demoralization: β = -0.07, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.02, anxiety: β = -0.05, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.003). Conclusions Due to its trait-like quality, Attachment avoidance may play a less central role in explaining the course of existential distress over time than previous research indicated. Addressing change-sensitive relational concerns in psychosocial interventions may be more effective to alleviate existential distress.
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spiritual well being mediates the association between Attachment Insecurity and psychological distress in advanced cancer patients
Supportive Care in Cancer, 2019Co-Authors: Katharina Scheffold, Rebecca Philipp, Susan Koranyi, Martin Harter, Sigrun Vehling, Dorit Engelmann, Frank Schulzkindermann, Anja MehnerttheuerkaufAbstract:The diagnosis of a terminal disease bears existential challenges, which activate the Attachment system. Attachment Insecurity, as well as existential resources, such as spiritual well-being, influences patients’ extent of psychological distress. Knowledge about the interrelation of these constructs is limited. Based on current research, we assume spiritual well-being to mediate the association of Attachment Insecurity and psychological distress. We obtained data from the baseline measurement of a randomized controlled trial in advanced cancer patients. Patients were sampled from the University Medical Centers of Hamburg and Leipzig, Germany. Main outcome measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Death and Dying Distress Scale (DADDS), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp), and the Experience in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-M16) for assessing Attachment Insecurity. We tested the mediation hypothesis with two regression analyses using bootstrapping procedure. A total of 190 patients were included. Spiritual well-being mediated the association of Attachment Insecurity and depression (R2 = 11%), as well as death anxiety (R2 = 15%), in fearful-avoidant attached patients. Neither dismissingly nor preoccupied attached patients differ in terms of spiritual well-being and psychological distress in comparison with secure attached patients. Spiritual well-being plays a relevant role in advanced cancer patient’s mental health through mediating the association of Attachment and psychological distress. Developing a better understanding of the interdependency of the constructs of spiritual well-being and Attachment can help to develop individually tailored advanced cancer care programs and psychotherapeutic interventions. NCT02051660
Phillip R Shaver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence in a clinical sample of men the mediating roles of adult Attachment and anger management
Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma, 2014Co-Authors: Audrey Brassard, Vivianne Darveau, Katherine Peloquin, Yvan Lussier, Phillip R ShaverAbstract:This study examined the association between men’s experience of childhood sexual abuse and later perpetration of intimate partner violence, considering the roles of Attachment Insecurity and poor anger regulation. The sample was 302 Canadian men undergoing counseling for relationship difficulties or aggression. They completed questionnaires assessing childhood sexual abuse, the two dimensions of Attachment Insecurity (anxiety and avoidance), anger regulation processes, physical and psychological aggression, and social desirability bias. Path analyses showed that men who experienced childhood sexual abuse scored higher on Attachment anxiety, which in turn was associated with aggressive behaviors directly and through four anger-related variables (trait anger, anger-in, anger-out, and low anger control). Attachment-related avoidance predicted psychological aggression, but not physical aggression, through men’s trait anger and anger-in.
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romantic Attachment Insecurity predicts sexual dissatisfaction in couples seeking marital therapy
Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2012Co-Authors: Audrey Brassard, Katherine Peloquin, John Wright, Emmanuelle Dupuy, Phillip R ShaverAbstract:Researchers and practitioners have noted the importance of considering individual characteristics as well as couple dynamics when attempting to understand couples and sexual difficulties. Using a dyadic approach, this study examined the links between 2 forms of romantic Attachment Insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) and sexual dissatisfaction among members of couples seeking couple therapy. A large clinical sample of 242 French-speaking couples completed the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale and the Index of Sexual Satisfaction. Analyses based on the actor-partner interdependence model revealed that both Attachment anxiety and avoidance predicted individuals' own sexual dissatisfaction (actor effects). The authors also observed 2 partner effects: (a) anxiety in men predicted female partners' sexual dissatisfaction and (b) avoidance in women predicted male partners' sexual dissatisfaction. The results support Attachment theory and have clinical implications for emotion-focused couple therapy and other approaches to couple therapy.
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an Attachment perspective on psychopathology
World Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Mario Mikulincer, Phillip R ShaverAbstract:In recent years, Attachment theory, which was originally formulated to describe and explain infant-parent emotional bonding, has been applied to the study of adolescent and adult romantic relationships and then to the study of psychological processes, such as interpersonal functioning, emotion regulation, coping with stress, and mental health. In this paper, we offer a brief overview of the Attachment perspective on psychopathology. Following a brief account of Attachment theory, we go on to explain how the study of individual differences in adult Attachment intersects with the study of psychopathology. Specifically, we review research findings showing that Attachment Insecurity is a major contributor to mental disorders, and that the enhancement of Attachment security can facilitate amelioration of psychopathology.
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Attachment, Authenticity, and Honesty: Dispositional and Experimentally Induced Security Can Reduce Self- and Other-Deception
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Omri Gillath, Amanda K. Sesko, Phillip R Shaver, David S. ChunAbstract:Attachment security is hypothesized to promote authenticity and sincerity, or honesty, whereas Insecurity is hypothesized to increase various forms of inauthenticity and dishonesty. The authors tested these ideas in 8 studies of dispositional and situational Attachment insecurities and their influence on inauthenticity and dishonesty. The first 4 studies showed that authenticity is related to scoring low on the 2 dimensions of dispositional Attachment Insecurity—anxiety and avoidance—and that these 2 dimensions are asso-ciated with different aspects of inauthenticity. The first set of studies also showed that conscious and unconscious security priming increased state authenticity (compared with neutral or Insecurity priming). The last 4 studies showed that Attachment Insecurity is related to dishonesty (lying and cheating) and that security priming reduces the tendency to lie or cheat and does so more effectively than positive mood priming. Implications for understanding the role of authenticity and inauthenticity in various relationship contexts are discussed.
Lori N Scott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attachment related regulatory processes moderate the impact of adverse childhood experiences on stress reaction in borderline personality disorder
Journal of Personality Disorders, 2018Co-Authors: Johannes C Ehrenthal, Kenneth N Levy, Lori N Scott, Douglas A GrangerAbstract:In this study, the authors explored whether Attachment Insecurity moderates the effects of adverse childhood experiences on stress reactivity in the context of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Participants were 113 women (39 with BPD, 15 with some BPD criteria present, 59 without any BPD symptoms) who participated in the Trier Social Stress Test. Saliva samples were collected before and after the stressor and assayed for salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol. Adverse childhood experiences were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Attachment by the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised questionnaire. Results revealed that Attachment avoidance and a combination of more adverse childhood experiences and Attachment Insecurity resulted in higher sAA levels and differences in reactivity to the stressor. Interactions between Attachment anxiety and adverse childhood experiences were related to blunted cortisol reactivity. The results suggest that the influence of adverse childhood experiences on stress regulation in BPD may be moderated by Attachment-related regulatory processes.
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, attributable, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social-cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety.
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Attachment and social cognition in borderline personality disorder specificity in relation to antisocial and avoidant personality disorders
Personality Disorders: Theory Research and Treatment, 2015Co-Authors: Joseph E Beeney, Lori N Scott, Michael N Hallquist, Stephanie D Stepp, Aidan G C Wright, William D Ellison, Kimberly A Nolf, Paul A PilkonisAbstract:Theory and research point to the role of Attachment difficulties in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment Insecurity is believed to lead to chronic problems in social relationships, due, in part, to impairments in social cognition, which comprise maladaptive mental representations of self, others, and self in relation to others. However, few studies have attempted to identify social cognitive mechanisms that link Attachment Insecurity to BPD and to assess whether such mechanisms are specific to the disorder. For the present study, empirically derived indices of mentalization, self-other boundaries, and identity diffusion were tested as mediators between Attachment style and personality disorder symptoms. In a cross-sectional structural equation model, mentalization and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and BPD. Mentalization partially mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and antisocial personality disorder (PD) symptoms, and self-other boundaries mediated the relationship between Attachment anxiety and avoidant PD symptoms. The findings support theories that insecure Attachment is associated with difficulties in social cognition and that a distinctive pattern of impairment characterizes BPD.