The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sendy Farag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Explaining public transport information use when a car is available: Attitude Theory empirically investigated
Transportation, 2010Co-Authors: Sendy Farag, Glenn LyonsAbstract:Despite recent investments in and growing availability of various public transport information services, levels of apparent non-use (of particular information services) across the population remain high. Policymakers and information service providers could benefit from a better understanding of factors affecting information use. The goal of this paper is to provide more insight into the (non-)use of public transport information by applying Attitude Theory. A postal survey was sent to a random sample of 10,000 households in Bristol and Manchester, UK. The response rate was 13%. Respondents were questioned about an uncertain journey they were going to make. Structural equation modelling has been used to investigate interdependencies among the factors studied. The results show that the desire to consult public transport information for an uncertain journey is affected by Attitudes, subjective norms, and past behaviour. These social-psychological factors are in turn affected by constraints such as travel behaviour and trip context. Crucially in terms of addressing issues of non-use of information it is found that consulting information is influenced by propensity to consider using public transport rather than vice versa as has hitherto been implicitly assumed by many involved in the provision of transport and information services.
-
EXPLAINING PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFORMATION USE THROUGH Attitude Theory: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
2009Co-Authors: Sendy Farag, Glenn LyonsAbstract:Despite recent investments in and growing availability of various public transport information sources, levels of apparent non-use (of particular services) across the population remain high. Policymakers and information service providers could benefit from a better understanding of factors affecting information use. The goal of this paper is to provide more insight into the (non-)use of public transport information by applying Attitude Theory. Looking up public transport information can be classified as a goal-directed behaviour: people consult information as a means to an end. The Extended Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (EMGB) is founded on the notion that behaviours are selected because of their perceived usefulness in achieving a goal. Individuals develop a motivation to act (behavioural desire, here: a desire to consult public transport information) which is affected by: Attitudes (towards consulting public transport information), past experience (concerning information use), perceived behavioural control (an individuals’ confidence in being able to consult information), and subjective norms (perceived encouragement by important others to consult information). The EMGB is applied and extended with other factors to account for constraints, such as trip context and habitual travel behaviour.
-
A Comparative Study of Attitude Theory and other Theoretical Models for Understanding Travel Behaviour
Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2008Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Sendy Farag, Tim SchwanenAbstract:In this study we investigate the extent to which the integration of psychological mechanisms from Attitude Theory into conventional analytical approaches can advance our understanding of travel behaviour. Three models, which explain volitions (intentions) in different ways, are specified and discussed: a customary model (CM) that directly links Attitude and external variables (eg socio-demographics) to volition; a simplified version of the extended model of goal-directed behaviour (EMGB) that links Attitude to volition via behavioural desire; and a hybrid model (HM) that integrates the two former models. Using survey data about the volition to buy media products (books, music, and DVDs, for example) online and in-store collected in four locations in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands, we find that shopping behaviour is reasonably well explained by the simplified EMGB. Past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms all have a statistically significant impact on the volition to shop on...
-
A Comparative Study of Attitude Theory and Other Theoretical Models for In-Store and Online Shopping
2006Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Tim Schwanen, Sendy FaragAbstract:This study investigated whether the understanding of adoption of e-shopping and in-store shopping could be advanced through the estimation of three models that explain intentions differently: (1) a Customary Model which directly links Attitude and external variables (e.g., sociodemographics) to intention; (2) a simplified version of the Extended Model of Goal-directed behavior which links Attitude to intention via behavioral desire; and (3) a Hybrid Model which integrates the two former models. Using survey data about the intention to buy media products (books, music, DVDs, for example) online and in-store collected in four locations in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands, the paper finds that shopping behavior is reasonably well explained by the simplified EMGB. Past behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms all have a statistically significant impact on the intention to shop online, while goal desire and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the intention to shop in-store. The results of the Hybrid Model indicate that it is important to take external variables into account when explaining shopping behavior. People who have media stores within twenty minutes? cycling distance from their home have a weaker intention to buy media products online, because (among other reasons) they experience social pressure not to buy online when stores are relatively near the residence. Frequent online buyers tend to perceive less control over making a shopping trip to buy media products. Thus, shop accessibility negatively affects the volition to buy online, while online buying experience negatively affects the volition to shop in-store. Substitution between e-shopping and in-store shopping seems likely to occur for media products.
-
Attitude Theory applied to in-store and online shopping
2005Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Sendy Farag, Tim SchwanenAbstract:In this study, we investigated whether our understanding of adoption of e-shopping and instore shopping could be advanced through the application of Attitude Theory. A shortcoming of the analytical frameworks and models featured in Attitude Theory is that they do not address the issue of what causes the variation in psychological constructs such as perceived behavioural control. A simplified version of the Extended Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (EMGB) (Perugini & Conner, 2000) was therefore expanded to take into account such external variables as shop accessibility. Data were collected in the centre of the Netherlands, using a questionnaire that included items about the intention to buy media products (books, music, DVDs, for example) online and in-store within the forthcoming month. Structural equation modelling was employed as the method of analysis. The findings show that shopping behaviour is reasonably well explained by the EMGB. The effects of past behaviour and perceived behavioural control on the volition to shop online and in-store were statistically significant. Additionally, the volition to shop in-store was influenced by goal desire and the volition to shop online by subjective norms. People who have media stores within twenty minutes’ cycling distance from their home have a weaker intention to buy media products online, because they experience social pressure not to buy online when stores are relatively near home. Frequent online buyers tend to perceive less control over making a shopping trip to buy media products. Thus, shop accessibility affects the volition to buy online, while online buying experience affects the volition to shop in-store. Substitution between e-shopping and in-store shopping seems likely to occur for media products
Glenn Lyons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Explaining public transport information use when a car is available: Attitude Theory empirically investigated
Transportation, 2010Co-Authors: Sendy Farag, Glenn LyonsAbstract:Despite recent investments in and growing availability of various public transport information services, levels of apparent non-use (of particular information services) across the population remain high. Policymakers and information service providers could benefit from a better understanding of factors affecting information use. The goal of this paper is to provide more insight into the (non-)use of public transport information by applying Attitude Theory. A postal survey was sent to a random sample of 10,000 households in Bristol and Manchester, UK. The response rate was 13%. Respondents were questioned about an uncertain journey they were going to make. Structural equation modelling has been used to investigate interdependencies among the factors studied. The results show that the desire to consult public transport information for an uncertain journey is affected by Attitudes, subjective norms, and past behaviour. These social-psychological factors are in turn affected by constraints such as travel behaviour and trip context. Crucially in terms of addressing issues of non-use of information it is found that consulting information is influenced by propensity to consider using public transport rather than vice versa as has hitherto been implicitly assumed by many involved in the provision of transport and information services.
-
EXPLAINING PUBLIC TRANSPORT INFORMATION USE THROUGH Attitude Theory: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION
2009Co-Authors: Sendy Farag, Glenn LyonsAbstract:Despite recent investments in and growing availability of various public transport information sources, levels of apparent non-use (of particular services) across the population remain high. Policymakers and information service providers could benefit from a better understanding of factors affecting information use. The goal of this paper is to provide more insight into the (non-)use of public transport information by applying Attitude Theory. Looking up public transport information can be classified as a goal-directed behaviour: people consult information as a means to an end. The Extended Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (EMGB) is founded on the notion that behaviours are selected because of their perceived usefulness in achieving a goal. Individuals develop a motivation to act (behavioural desire, here: a desire to consult public transport information) which is affected by: Attitudes (towards consulting public transport information), past experience (concerning information use), perceived behavioural control (an individuals’ confidence in being able to consult information), and subjective norms (perceived encouragement by important others to consult information). The EMGB is applied and extended with other factors to account for constraints, such as trip context and habitual travel behaviour.
Tommy Garling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
application of Attitude Theory for improved predictive accuracy of stated preference methods in travel demand analysis
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2003Co-Authors: Satoshi Fujii, Tommy GarlingAbstract:Stated preference (SP) surveys are often used to analyze the impact of transportation policies on travel demand because they are believed to yield stable preference estimates from stated choices from among hypothetical alternatives. However, evidence suggests that preferences derived from SP surveys are contingent on context. This paper outlines an alternative conceptual framework for travel demand analysis that draws on Attitude Theory from social psychology. In line with this Theory, stated choices are interpreted as behavioral intentions. The Theory then explains why behavioral intention sometimes deviates from actual behavior. Since behavioral intention is a better predictor of behavior than any other measure, a SP method should be devised with the aim of measuring behavioral intention rather than core preference. A four step procedure for predicting impacts of transport policies on travel demand is proposed. The procedure entails: (1) determining whether the target behavior is controlled by an intention; (2) conducting a SP survey to measure the intention; (3) identifying factors that cause intention-behavior inconsistency; and (4) predicting whether a behavior is performed or not, using measured behavior intentions as input and correcting the output using the results of the third step. An empirical demonstration using panel data obtained from commuters before and after the opening of a new subway line in Japan provides support for several predictions about why behavioral intentions are, or are not, implemented. From the survey results, prediction is found to be more accurate if it is based on an intention to not perform the behavior rather than on an intention to perform the behavior, especially if there is already a habit to perform an alternative behavior.
-
reintroducing Attitude Theory in travel behavior research the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict car use
Transportation, 1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
-
reintroducing Attitude Theory in travel behavior research
Transportation (Netherlands), 1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
-
REINTRODUCING Attitude Theory IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH
1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
A Garling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
reintroducing Attitude Theory in travel behavior research the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict car use
Transportation, 1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
-
reintroducing Attitude Theory in travel behavior research
Transportation (Netherlands), 1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
-
REINTRODUCING Attitude Theory IN TRAVEL BEHAVIOR RESEARCH
1998Co-Authors: Tommy Garling, Robert Gillholm, A GarlingAbstract:A methodological challenge is to develop methods which satisfy the need in transport planning of accurately forecasting travel behavior. Drawing on a review of the current state of Attitude Theory, it is argued that successfully forecasting travel behavior relies on a distinction between planned, habitual, and impulsive travel. Empirical illustrations are provided in the form of stated-response data from two experiments investigating the validity of an interactive interview procedure to predict household car use for different types of trips, either before or after participants were required to reduce use.
Tim Schwanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
‘Online omnivores’ or ‘willing but struggling’? Identifying online grocery shopping behavior segments using Attitude Theory
Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2020Co-Authors: Christian Brand, Tim Schwanen, Jillian AnableAbstract:Abstract The landscape of grocery shopping is changing fast. Online retailing via home delivery or ‘click and collect’, convenience stores and various hybrid shopping channels are gaining popularity with some consumers, but not with others. The central premise of this paper is that focusing on the ‘average grocery shopper’ is not very helpful if the objective is to understand recent and future changes in grocery shopping. There are few recent studies that have identified groups of individuals using online and multi-channel shopping by considering both observable behavior and associated Attitudes – feelings, beliefs, opinions and behavioral dispositions – and by drawing explicitly on Attitude theories from social psychology. The current paper thus aims to identify and describe groups of grocery shoppers using a psychographic segmentation approach that is explicitly grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1991) and its close cousin, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis et al., 1989). Primary data were collected through a self-completion questionnaire that produced a largely representative study sample of 2032 grocery shoppers across the United Kingdom, Europe's largest market for online grocery shopping. A principal component and two stage cluster analysis methodology was implemented to identify five well-defined and highly interpretable segments according to their Attitudes, norms, perceptions and beliefs, then profiled by their socio-economic and grocery shopping characteristics. The segments reveal a range of different grocery shopping preference levels, from those ‘super-shoppers’ (Flynn and Goldsmith, 2016) who are clearly attracted to the online experience and want more (‘Intensive Urbanites’, ‘Online Omnivores’) to those who appear resistant and socially responsible towards the adoption of online shopping services (‘Resisting and Responsible’). The key distinguishing features of these segments suggest that shoppers might be attracted to or repelled from online shopping for reasons of convenience, perceived benefits, costs and risks, technology affect, time pressures and fit into daily schedules (perceived behavioral control), as well as social and environmental dimensions of personal norms and beliefs.
-
A Comparative Study of Attitude Theory and other Theoretical Models for Understanding Travel Behaviour
Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2008Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Sendy Farag, Tim SchwanenAbstract:In this study we investigate the extent to which the integration of psychological mechanisms from Attitude Theory into conventional analytical approaches can advance our understanding of travel behaviour. Three models, which explain volitions (intentions) in different ways, are specified and discussed: a customary model (CM) that directly links Attitude and external variables (eg socio-demographics) to volition; a simplified version of the extended model of goal-directed behaviour (EMGB) that links Attitude to volition via behavioural desire; and a hybrid model (HM) that integrates the two former models. Using survey data about the volition to buy media products (books, music, and DVDs, for example) online and in-store collected in four locations in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands, we find that shopping behaviour is reasonably well explained by the simplified EMGB. Past behaviour, perceived behavioural control, and subjective norms all have a statistically significant impact on the volition to shop on...
-
A Comparative Study of Attitude Theory and Other Theoretical Models for In-Store and Online Shopping
2006Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Tim Schwanen, Sendy FaragAbstract:This study investigated whether the understanding of adoption of e-shopping and in-store shopping could be advanced through the estimation of three models that explain intentions differently: (1) a Customary Model which directly links Attitude and external variables (e.g., sociodemographics) to intention; (2) a simplified version of the Extended Model of Goal-directed behavior which links Attitude to intention via behavioral desire; and (3) a Hybrid Model which integrates the two former models. Using survey data about the intention to buy media products (books, music, DVDs, for example) online and in-store collected in four locations in the Utrecht region, the Netherlands, the paper finds that shopping behavior is reasonably well explained by the simplified EMGB. Past behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms all have a statistically significant impact on the intention to shop online, while goal desire and perceived behavioral control significantly affect the intention to shop in-store. The results of the Hybrid Model indicate that it is important to take external variables into account when explaining shopping behavior. People who have media stores within twenty minutes? cycling distance from their home have a weaker intention to buy media products online, because (among other reasons) they experience social pressure not to buy online when stores are relatively near the residence. Frequent online buyers tend to perceive less control over making a shopping trip to buy media products. Thus, shop accessibility negatively affects the volition to buy online, while online buying experience negatively affects the volition to shop in-store. Substitution between e-shopping and in-store shopping seems likely to occur for media products.
-
Attitude Theory applied to in-store and online shopping
2005Co-Authors: Martin Dijst, Sendy Farag, Tim SchwanenAbstract:In this study, we investigated whether our understanding of adoption of e-shopping and instore shopping could be advanced through the application of Attitude Theory. A shortcoming of the analytical frameworks and models featured in Attitude Theory is that they do not address the issue of what causes the variation in psychological constructs such as perceived behavioural control. A simplified version of the Extended Model of Goal-directed Behaviour (EMGB) (Perugini & Conner, 2000) was therefore expanded to take into account such external variables as shop accessibility. Data were collected in the centre of the Netherlands, using a questionnaire that included items about the intention to buy media products (books, music, DVDs, for example) online and in-store within the forthcoming month. Structural equation modelling was employed as the method of analysis. The findings show that shopping behaviour is reasonably well explained by the EMGB. The effects of past behaviour and perceived behavioural control on the volition to shop online and in-store were statistically significant. Additionally, the volition to shop in-store was influenced by goal desire and the volition to shop online by subjective norms. People who have media stores within twenty minutes’ cycling distance from their home have a weaker intention to buy media products online, because they experience social pressure not to buy online when stores are relatively near home. Frequent online buyers tend to perceive less control over making a shopping trip to buy media products. Thus, shop accessibility affects the volition to buy online, while online buying experience affects the volition to shop in-store. Substitution between e-shopping and in-store shopping seems likely to occur for media products
