The Experts below are selected from a list of 240 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Colin Tredoux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Social Identity Theory and the Authoritarian Personality Theory in South Africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Ulrike Niens, Ed Cairns, Gillian Finchilescu, Don Foster, Colin TredouxAbstract:Social identity theory assumes that individuals and collectives apply identity management strategies in order to cope with threatened social identities. It is argued here that an integration of social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory may help to investigate identity management strategies for minority and majority groups. It was intended to investigate predictors of identity management strategies applied by students at the University of Cape Town. Analyses are based on a questionnaire survey of 457 university students. Results only partially confirmed assumptions derived from social identity theory. Group identification and perceptions of legitimacy were related to the individual identity management strategy, “individualisation”, while the collective strategy “social competition” was associated with collective efficacy and Authoritarianism. Perceptions of instability and Authoritarianism predicted preferences for “temporal comparisons”. ‘Superordinate recategorisation’ was only very weakly predicted by group identification. The study indicated that social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory might play different roles in preferences for identity management strategies. While social identity theory appears better in explaining individual identity management strategies, the Authoritarian Personality theory might be better in explaining collective strategies.
-
social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory in south africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Ulrike Niens, Ed Cairns, Gillian Finchilescu, Don Foster, Colin TredouxAbstract:Social identity theory assumes that individuals and collectives apply identity management strategies in order to cope with threatened social identities. It is argued here that an integration of social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory may help to investigate identity management strategies for minority and majority groups. It was intended to investigate predictors of identity management strategies applied by students at the University of Cape Town. Analyses are based on a questionnaire survey of 457 university students. Results only partially confirmed assumptions derived from social identity theory. Group identification and perceptions of legitimacy were related to the individual identity management strategy, “individualisation”, while the collective strategy “social competition” was associated with collective efficacy and Authoritarianism. Perceptions of instability and Authoritarianism predicted preferences for “temporal comparisons”. ‘Superordinate recategorisation’ was only very...
Hans De Witte - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ray’s Last Stand? Directiveness as Moderate Conservatism—A Reply to John Ray
Political Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Jos D. Meloen, Hans De WitteAbstract:In his comment to our results (Meloen, van der Linden, & de Witte, 1996), John Ray has grossly distorted our conclusions. The Australian "anarchocapitalist" Ray-who acknowledges having "once joined Nazi parties" like the Australian Nazi Party (Ray, 1972, 1985)-is apparently still in conflict with what he explicitly suggested to be the "Jewish authors" (Ray, 1976, p. 307) of The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno et al., 1950/1982) and all presumed "leftists" in general. Nevertheless, we are pleased to learn that we are in full agreement with Ray's contention that his concept of directiveness has little in common with what we may call "classic Authoritarianism" by Adorno et al. and related approaches (Altemeyer, Lederer), both in a theoretical and empirical way, as our results showed. Ray believes (1976), however, that directiveness includes the true Authoritarian Personality and that what we call classic Authoritarianism is no more than moderate conservatism. We think that Ray turns the world upside down, and we will explain this once more (Middendorp & Meloen, 1991). First of all, we do not consider the Vlaams Blok (VB) a "conservative" party, as Ray suggests. There are clear personal ties with the "old" extreme right, originating in the Second World War (de Witte, 1996), and the ideology of this party is explicitly right-wing extremist (Spruyt, 1995). More significant is that Ray apparently missed a main conclusion: Those who preferred the VB also scored highest on versions of the Altemeyer, Lederer, and Adorno et al. Authoritarianism scales (Table III and p. 651, Meloen et al., 1996), but not on directiveness (not shown but implied, Table I and p. 653, Meloen et al., 1996). This is a main validation of the classic Authoritarianism syndrome, and additional empirical validations have been extensively reported elsewhere (Meloen, 1983, 1993), but these are typically not mentioned by Ray: Classic
John Levi Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the Authoritarian Personality 50 years later what questions are there for political psychology
Political Psychology, 2001Co-Authors: John Levi MartinAbstract:Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford's The Authoritarian Personality is probably the most deeply flawed work of prominence in political psychology. The methodological, procedural, and substantive errors of this study are well known, but they are frequently simply attributed to poor methodological judgments, issues of scaling (such as response set), or Freudian theories that legitimated circular interpretations. But a more fundamental bias arose from the attempt to empirically verify the existence of a “type” of person whom the researchers thought dangerous and with whom they did not empathize. This attempt involved two dangerous procedures: (1) the fusion of nominalist research procedures (in which empirical results were used to type respondents) with a realist interpretation of types (in which some people “just were” Authoritarians and others not), and (2) a theoretically rich critique of the Authoritarians and a lack of interest in the psychodynamics of liberals. This combination led to an intrinsically biased interpretive project that could not help but accumulate damning evidence about Authoritarians. These subtler problems have haunted contemporary work in political psychology that avoids the methodological problems of Adorno et al.; Altemeyer's work on Authoritarianism, which not only is free from the defects of the Adorno et al. study but also involves some methodologically exemplary experiments, is similarly distorted by asymmetries. The same fundamental problems seem to be at the heart of the weaknesses of the theory of symbolic racism to which critics have pointed. Political psychologists should regard The Authoritarian Personality as a cautionary example of bias arising from the choice of methodological assumptions.
Ulrike Niens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Social Identity Theory and the Authoritarian Personality Theory in South Africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Ulrike Niens, Ed Cairns, Gillian Finchilescu, Don Foster, Colin TredouxAbstract:Social identity theory assumes that individuals and collectives apply identity management strategies in order to cope with threatened social identities. It is argued here that an integration of social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory may help to investigate identity management strategies for minority and majority groups. It was intended to investigate predictors of identity management strategies applied by students at the University of Cape Town. Analyses are based on a questionnaire survey of 457 university students. Results only partially confirmed assumptions derived from social identity theory. Group identification and perceptions of legitimacy were related to the individual identity management strategy, “individualisation”, while the collective strategy “social competition” was associated with collective efficacy and Authoritarianism. Perceptions of instability and Authoritarianism predicted preferences for “temporal comparisons”. ‘Superordinate recategorisation’ was only very weakly predicted by group identification. The study indicated that social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory might play different roles in preferences for identity management strategies. While social identity theory appears better in explaining individual identity management strategies, the Authoritarian Personality theory might be better in explaining collective strategies.
-
social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory in south africa
South African Journal of Psychology, 2003Co-Authors: Ulrike Niens, Ed Cairns, Gillian Finchilescu, Don Foster, Colin TredouxAbstract:Social identity theory assumes that individuals and collectives apply identity management strategies in order to cope with threatened social identities. It is argued here that an integration of social identity theory and the Authoritarian Personality theory may help to investigate identity management strategies for minority and majority groups. It was intended to investigate predictors of identity management strategies applied by students at the University of Cape Town. Analyses are based on a questionnaire survey of 457 university students. Results only partially confirmed assumptions derived from social identity theory. Group identification and perceptions of legitimacy were related to the individual identity management strategy, “individualisation”, while the collective strategy “social competition” was associated with collective efficacy and Authoritarianism. Perceptions of instability and Authoritarianism predicted preferences for “temporal comparisons”. ‘Superordinate recategorisation’ was only very...
Jos D. Meloen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Ray’s Last Stand? Directiveness as Moderate Conservatism—A Reply to John Ray
Political Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Jos D. Meloen, Hans De WitteAbstract:In his comment to our results (Meloen, van der Linden, & de Witte, 1996), John Ray has grossly distorted our conclusions. The Australian "anarchocapitalist" Ray-who acknowledges having "once joined Nazi parties" like the Australian Nazi Party (Ray, 1972, 1985)-is apparently still in conflict with what he explicitly suggested to be the "Jewish authors" (Ray, 1976, p. 307) of The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno et al., 1950/1982) and all presumed "leftists" in general. Nevertheless, we are pleased to learn that we are in full agreement with Ray's contention that his concept of directiveness has little in common with what we may call "classic Authoritarianism" by Adorno et al. and related approaches (Altemeyer, Lederer), both in a theoretical and empirical way, as our results showed. Ray believes (1976), however, that directiveness includes the true Authoritarian Personality and that what we call classic Authoritarianism is no more than moderate conservatism. We think that Ray turns the world upside down, and we will explain this once more (Middendorp & Meloen, 1991). First of all, we do not consider the Vlaams Blok (VB) a "conservative" party, as Ray suggests. There are clear personal ties with the "old" extreme right, originating in the Second World War (de Witte, 1996), and the ideology of this party is explicitly right-wing extremist (Spruyt, 1995). More significant is that Ray apparently missed a main conclusion: Those who preferred the VB also scored highest on versions of the Altemeyer, Lederer, and Adorno et al. Authoritarianism scales (Table III and p. 651, Meloen et al., 1996), but not on directiveness (not shown but implied, Table I and p. 653, Meloen et al., 1996). This is a main validation of the classic Authoritarianism syndrome, and additional empirical validations have been extensively reported elsewhere (Meloen, 1983, 1993), but these are typically not mentioned by Ray: Classic
