The Experts below are selected from a list of 351 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nele Curland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalences of specific antibodies against Avian pathogens in free ranging ring necked pheasants phasianus colchicus in northwestern germany
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Friederike Gethoffer, Nele Curland, Ulrich Voigt, Benno Woelfing, Tobias Ludwig, Ursula Heffelsredmann, Hafez M Hafez, Michael Lierz, Ursula SiebertAbstract:Infectious diseases in captive pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are well known, but there is a lack of knowledge about occurrence and distribution of pathogens in free-ranging pheasants in Germany. We investigated 604 sera from hunted pheasants and 152 sera from wild caught pheasants between 2011 to 2015, with the aim to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies against different Viruses: Avian influenza Virus (AIV) of subtypes H5, H7, H9, paramyxoVirus type 1 (PMV-1), Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), infectious bursitis disease Virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), Avian metapneumoVirus (aMPV) and Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In addition, 178 caeca were investigated for Histomonas meleagridis. The study reveals an ongoing circulation of IBV in the wild pheasant population during the study. Also high seroprevalences of specific antibodies against aMPV depending on the area and a strong increase in prevalence of IBDV antibodies in sera of pheasants in Lower Saxony were detected. ILTV antibody prevalences differed between areas and AEV antibody detection differed between years significantly, whereas specific antibodies against PMV-1 could not be detected and antibodies against AIV-H5, -H7 and -H9 and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in very few cases.
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health status of free ranging ring necked pheasant chicks phasianus colchicus in north western germany
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: J Liebing, Nele Curland, I. Völker, Peter Wohlsein, Wolfgang Baumgartner, S Braune, M Runge, A Moss, Silke Rautenschlein, Arne JungAbstract:Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. The pheasant chicks were divided into three age groups to detect differences in their development and physical constitution. In addition, pathomorphological, parasitological, virological, bacteriological and toxicological investigations were performed. The younger chicks were emaciated, while the older chicks were of moderate to good nutritional status. However, the latter age group was limited to a maximum of three chicks per hen, while the youngest age class comprised up to ten chicks. The majority of chicks suffered from dermatitis of the periocular and caudal region of the head (57-94%) of unknown origin. In addition, intestinal enteritis (100%), pneumonia (26%), hepatitis (24%), perineuritis (6%), tracheitis (24%), muscle degeneration (1%) and myositis (1%) were found. In 78% of the cases, various Mycoplasma spp. were isolated. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was not detected using an MG-specific PCR. Parasitic infections included Philopteridae (55%), Coccidia (48%), Heterakis/Ascaridia spp. (8%) and Syngamus trachea (13%). A total of 8% of the chicks were Avian metapneumoVirus (AMPV) positive using RT-PCR, 16% positive for infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV) using RT-PCR, and 2% positive for haemorrhagic enteritis Virus (HEV) using PCR. All samples tested for Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), infectious bursal disease Virus (IBDV) or infectious laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) were negative. The pool samples of the ten chicks were negative for all acid, alkaline-free and derivative substances, while two out of three samples tested were positive for the herbicide glyphosate. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Theses impacts may have played a major role in the decline in pheasant populations.
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Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2018Co-Authors: Nele Curland, Friederike Gethoffer, Michael Lierz, A. Van Neer, L. Ziegler, U. Heffels-redmann, W. Baumgärtner, P. Wohlsein, I. Völker, S. LappAbstract:The population of ring-necked pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), Avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesVirus, Avian influenza Virus (AIV), paramyxoVirus type 1 (PMV-1), Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study.
Friederike Gethoffer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalences of specific antibodies against Avian pathogens in free ranging ring necked pheasants phasianus colchicus in northwestern germany
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Friederike Gethoffer, Nele Curland, Ulrich Voigt, Benno Woelfing, Tobias Ludwig, Ursula Heffelsredmann, Hafez M Hafez, Michael Lierz, Ursula SiebertAbstract:Infectious diseases in captive pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are well known, but there is a lack of knowledge about occurrence and distribution of pathogens in free-ranging pheasants in Germany. We investigated 604 sera from hunted pheasants and 152 sera from wild caught pheasants between 2011 to 2015, with the aim to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies against different Viruses: Avian influenza Virus (AIV) of subtypes H5, H7, H9, paramyxoVirus type 1 (PMV-1), Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), infectious bursitis disease Virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), Avian metapneumoVirus (aMPV) and Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In addition, 178 caeca were investigated for Histomonas meleagridis. The study reveals an ongoing circulation of IBV in the wild pheasant population during the study. Also high seroprevalences of specific antibodies against aMPV depending on the area and a strong increase in prevalence of IBDV antibodies in sera of pheasants in Lower Saxony were detected. ILTV antibody prevalences differed between areas and AEV antibody detection differed between years significantly, whereas specific antibodies against PMV-1 could not be detected and antibodies against AIV-H5, -H7 and -H9 and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in very few cases.
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Investigation into diseases in free-ranging ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in northwestern Germany during population decline with special reference to infectious pathogens
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2018Co-Authors: Nele Curland, Friederike Gethoffer, Michael Lierz, A. Van Neer, L. Ziegler, U. Heffels-redmann, W. Baumgärtner, P. Wohlsein, I. Völker, S. LappAbstract:The population of ring-necked pheasants ( Phasianus colchicus ) is decreasing all over Germany since the years 2008/2009. Besides impacts of habitat changes caused by current rates of land conversion, climatic influences or predators, a contribution of infectious pathogens needs also to be considered. Infectious and non-infectious diseases in free-living populations of ring-necked pheasants have been scarcely investigated so far. In the present study, carcasses of 258 deceased free-ranging pheasants of different age groups, predominantly adult pheasants, collected over a period of 4 years in the states of Lower Saxony, North Rhine–Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein, were examined pathomorphologically, parasitologically, virologically and bacteriologically, with a focus set on infectious pathogens. A periocular and perinasal dermatitis of unknown origin was present in 62.3% of the pheasants. Additional alterations included protozoal cysts in the skeletal musculature (19.0%), hepatitis (21.7%), enteritis (18.7%), gastritis (12.6%), and pneumonia (11.7%). In single cases, neoplasms (2.6%) and mycobacteriosis (1.7%) occurred. Further findings included identification of coronaviral DNA from trachea or caecal tonsils (16.8%), siadenoviral DNA (7.6%), Avian metapneumoviral RNA (6.6%), and infectious bursal disease viral RNA (3.7%). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on herpesVirus, Avian influenza Virus (AIV), paramyxoVirus type 1 (PMV-1), Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), and chlamydia were negative. Based on the present results, there is no indication of a specific pathogen as a sole cause for population decline in adult pheasants. However, an infectious disease can still not be completely excluded as it may only affect reproduction effectivity or a certain age group of pheasants (e.g., chicks) which were not presented in the study.
Ursula Siebert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalences of specific antibodies against Avian pathogens in free ranging ring necked pheasants phasianus colchicus in northwestern germany
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Friederike Gethoffer, Nele Curland, Ulrich Voigt, Benno Woelfing, Tobias Ludwig, Ursula Heffelsredmann, Hafez M Hafez, Michael Lierz, Ursula SiebertAbstract:Infectious diseases in captive pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) are well known, but there is a lack of knowledge about occurrence and distribution of pathogens in free-ranging pheasants in Germany. We investigated 604 sera from hunted pheasants and 152 sera from wild caught pheasants between 2011 to 2015, with the aim to determine the prevalence of specific antibodies against different Viruses: Avian influenza Virus (AIV) of subtypes H5, H7, H9, paramyxoVirus type 1 (PMV-1), Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), infectious bursitis disease Virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV), infectious laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), Avian metapneumoVirus (aMPV) and Salmonella sp., Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). In addition, 178 caeca were investigated for Histomonas meleagridis. The study reveals an ongoing circulation of IBV in the wild pheasant population during the study. Also high seroprevalences of specific antibodies against aMPV depending on the area and a strong increase in prevalence of IBDV antibodies in sera of pheasants in Lower Saxony were detected. ILTV antibody prevalences differed between areas and AEV antibody detection differed between years significantly, whereas specific antibodies against PMV-1 could not be detected and antibodies against AIV-H5, -H7 and -H9 and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in very few cases.
Sylvain De Breyne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a distinct group of hepaciVirus pestiVirus like internal ribosomal entry sites in members of diverse picornaVirus genera evidence for modular exchange of functional noncoding rna elements by recombination
Journal of Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher U T Hellen, Sylvain De BreyneAbstract:The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the RNA genomes of Flaviviridae of the HepaciVirus and PestiVirus genera contain internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) that are unrelated to the two principal classes of IRESs of Picornaviridae. The mechanism of translation initiation on hepaciVirus/pestiVirus (HP) IRESs, which involves factor-independent binding to ribosomal 40S subunits, also differs fundamentally from initiation on these picornaVirus IRESs. Ribosomal binding to HP IRESs requires conserved sequences that form a pseudoknot and the adjacent IIId and IIIe domains; analogous elements do not occur in the two principal groups of picornaVirus IRESs. Here, comparative sequence analysis was used to identify a subset of picornaViruses from multiple genera that contain 5′ UTR sequences with significant similarities to HP IRESs. They are Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus, duck hepatitis Virus 1, duck picornaVirus, porcine teschoVirus, porcine enteroVirus 8, Seneca Valley Virus, and simian picornaVirus. Their 5′ UTRs are predicted to form several structures, in some of which the peripheral elements differ from the corresponding HP IRES elements but in which the core pseudoknot, domain IIId, and domain IIIe elements are all closely related. These findings suggest that HP-like IRESs have been exchanged between unrelated Virus families by recombination and support the hypothesis that RNA Viruses consist of modular coding and noncoding elements that can exchange and evolve independently.
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A Distinct Group of HepaciVirus/PestiVirus-Like Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites in Members of Diverse PicornaVirus Genera: Evidence for Modular Exchange of Functional Noncoding RNA Elements by Recombination
Journal of Virology, 2007Co-Authors: Christopher U T Hellen, Sylvain De BreyneAbstract:The 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of the RNA genomes of Flaviviridae of the HepaciVirus and PestiVirus genera contain internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) that are unrelated to the two principal classes of IRESs of Picornaviridae. The mechanism of translation initiation on hepaciVirus/pestiVirus (HP) IRESs, which involves factor-independent binding to ribosomal 40S subunits, also differs fundamentally from initiation on these picornaVirus IRESs. Ribosomal binding to HP IRESs requires conserved sequences that form a pseudoknot and the adjacent IIId and IIIe domains; analogous elements do not occur in the two principal groups of picornaVirus IRESs. Here, comparative sequence analysis was used to identify a subset of picornaViruses from multiple genera that contain 5′ UTR sequences with significant similarities to HP IRESs. They are Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus, duck hepatitis Virus 1, duck picornaVirus, porcine teschoVirus, porcine enteroVirus 8, Seneca Valley Virus, and simian picornaVirus. Their 5′ UTRs are predicted to form several structures, in some of which the peripheral elements differ from the corresponding HP IRES elements but in which the core pseudoknot, domain IIId, and domain IIIe elements are all closely related. These findings suggest that HP-like IRESs have been exchanged between unrelated Virus families by recombination and support the hypothesis that RNA Viruses consist of modular coding and noncoding elements that can exchange and evolve independently.
Arne Jung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health status of free ranging ring necked pheasant chicks phasianus colchicus in north western germany
PLOS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: J Liebing, Nele Curland, I. Völker, Peter Wohlsein, Wolfgang Baumgartner, S Braune, M Runge, A Moss, Silke Rautenschlein, Arne JungAbstract:Being a typical ground-breeding bird of the agricultural landscape in Germany, the pheasant has experienced a strong and persistent population decline with a hitherto unexplained cause. Contributing factors to the ongoing negative trend, such as the effects of pesticides, diseases, predation, increase in traffic and reduced fallow periods, are currently being controversially discussed. In the present study, 62 free-ranging pheasant chicks were caught within a two-year period in three federal states of Germany; Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein. The pheasant chicks were divided into three age groups to detect differences in their development and physical constitution. In addition, pathomorphological, parasitological, virological, bacteriological and toxicological investigations were performed. The younger chicks were emaciated, while the older chicks were of moderate to good nutritional status. However, the latter age group was limited to a maximum of three chicks per hen, while the youngest age class comprised up to ten chicks. The majority of chicks suffered from dermatitis of the periocular and caudal region of the head (57-94%) of unknown origin. In addition, intestinal enteritis (100%), pneumonia (26%), hepatitis (24%), perineuritis (6%), tracheitis (24%), muscle degeneration (1%) and myositis (1%) were found. In 78% of the cases, various Mycoplasma spp. were isolated. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was not detected using an MG-specific PCR. Parasitic infections included Philopteridae (55%), Coccidia (48%), Heterakis/Ascaridia spp. (8%) and Syngamus trachea (13%). A total of 8% of the chicks were Avian metapneumoVirus (AMPV) positive using RT-PCR, 16% positive for infectious bronchitis Virus (IBV) using RT-PCR, and 2% positive for haemorrhagic enteritis Virus (HEV) using PCR. All samples tested for Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus (AEV), infectious bursal disease Virus (IBDV) or infectious laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) were negative. The pool samples of the ten chicks were negative for all acid, alkaline-free and derivative substances, while two out of three samples tested were positive for the herbicide glyphosate. Pheasant chick deaths may often have been triggered by poor nutritional status, probably in association with inflammatory changes in various tissues and organs as well as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Theses impacts may have played a major role in the decline in pheasant populations.
