Bacillus Cereus

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Jacques Mahillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • whole genome sequences of 94 environmental isolates of Bacillus Cereus sensu lato
    Genome Announcements, 2013
    Co-Authors: Michael Feldgarden, Geraldine A Van Der Auwera, Roberto Kolter, Jacques Mahillon
    Abstract:

    Bacillus Cereus sensu lato s a species complex that includes the anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis and other bacterial species of medical, industrial, and ecological importance. Their phenotypes of interest are typically linked to large plasmids that are closely related to the anthrax plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 94 isolates of B. Cereus sensu lato , which were chosen for their plasmid content and environmental origins

  • ecological diversity of cereulide producing strainsof Bacillus Cereus s l
    International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME14 The power of small), 2012
    Co-Authors: Virginie Castiaux, Jacques Mahillon
    Abstract:

    Background and aims Bacillus Cereus is an important foodborne pathogen causing diarrhea or emesis and even lethal poisoning (1). The emetic syndrome is caused by the production of a heat-stable dodecadepsipeptide toxin, the cereulide. Cereulide-producing strains of B. Cereus are known to be a group of closely related strains. The aim of this work was to study the diversity of these strains in food and environmental niches and to gather more insights into the ecology and epidemiology of these strains. Methods A set of fifty-two cereulide-producing strains was used in this study. They were isolated from foods, emetic-type food poisoning cases and environmental niches (soil, mammals and rodents), as previously described by Hoton and coll. (2009) (2). They originated from ten countries (Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Ivory Coast, Poland, Switzerland, United Kingdom and Unites States) and were isolated, in majority, between 2003 and 2011. The genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of these strains were studied using biochemical tests (API20E and API50CH) and molecular methods (Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE). Results The phenotypic study confirmed the existence of two distinct clusters among emetic strains. Indeed, the majority of strains were unable to degrade starch and glycogen (Cluster I) while members of the cluster II were positive. The diversity within the emetic strains was also assessed by comparing their lecithinase and haemolysis activities. All the strains were positive for these two tests except three strains. These phenotypic traits are important since the key diagnostic features of B. Cereus are based on these activities. In routine detection, these pathogens strains cannot be considered as B. Cereus and this can lead to misidentification and underestimation of foodborne illnesses caused by these bacteria. The characterization by PFGE could discriminate 17 different profiles from a total of 52 strains analyzed. Several striking observations could be made from these results. First, emetic strains isolated from the same outbreak in different matrices gave rise to different pulsotypes. Secondly, the number of strains involved in food intoxications is limited and this group of clonal (or undistinguishable by PFGE) strains frequently occurred in successive outbreaks. Finally, the pulsotyping of random isolates from different countries (geographically remote) displayed the same profile. For instance, Belgian food emetic strains were found to share the same profile with two Chinese strains isolated from ice creams. Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrate the importance to perform a systematic characterization of all emetic strains by PFGE. This is essential for further epidemiological studies and to gather important information on their potential reservoirs. References 1. Naranjo M., Denayer S., Botteldoorn N., Delbrassinne L., Veys J., Waegenaere J., Sirtaine N., Driesen R. B., Sipido K. R., Mahillon J. and Dierick K. (2011) Sudden death of a young adult associated with Bacillus Cereus food poisoning. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49: 4379-81. 2. Hoton, F. M., Fornelos, N., N’Guessan, E., Hu, X., Swiecicka, I., Dierick, K., et al. (2009) Family portrait of Bacillus Cereus and Bacillus weihenstephanensis cereulide-producing strains. Env. Microbiol. Rep. 1, 177-183.

  • sudden death of a young adult associated with Bacillus Cereus food poisoning
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Maria Naranjo, Laurence Delbrassinne, Sarah Denayer, Nadine Botteldoorn, Jeanlaurent Veys, Jacques Waegenaere, Nicolas Sirtaine, Ronald B Driesen, Karin R Sipido, Jacques Mahillon
    Abstract:

    A lethal intoxication case, which occurred in Brussels, Belgium, is described. A 20-year-old man died following the ingestion of pasta contaminated with Bacillus Cereus. Emetic strains of B. Cereus were isolated, and high levels of cereulide (14.8 μg/g) were found in the spaghetti meal.

  • antifungal activity displayed by cereulide the emetic toxin produced by Bacillus Cereus
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sandy Ladeuze, Laurence Delbrassinne, Nathalie Lentz, Xiaomin Hu, Jacques Mahillon
    Abstract:

    In this study, the fungistatic activity of Bacillus Cereus cereulide-producing strains was demonstrated against nine fungal species. The role of cereulide was confirmed using plasmid-cured derivatives and ces knockout mutants. The fungistatic spectra of cereulide and valinomycin, a chemically related cyclododecadepsipeptide, were also compared and found to be similar but distinct.

  • fatal family outbreak of Bacillus Cereus associated food poisoning
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005
    Co-Authors: K Dierick, Els Van Coillie, Izabela Swiecicka, Geert Meyfroidt, Hugo Devlieger, Agnes Meulemans, Guy Hoedemaekers, Ludo Fourie, Marc Heyndrickx, Jacques Mahillon
    Abstract:

    Bacillus Cereus is a well-known cause of food-borne illness, but infection with this organism is not commonly reported because of its usually mild symptoms. A fatal case due to liver failure after the consumption of pasta salad is described and demonstrates the possible severity of the emetic syndrome.

A D Sutherland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin production in cooked rice
    Food Microbiology, 2002
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three mesophilic strains of Bacillus Cereus known to produce emetic toxin were used to model germination, growth and emetic toxin production in boiled rice cultures at incubation temperatures ranging from 8°C to 30°C. Minimum temperatures for germination and growth in boiled rice were found to be 15°C for all strains. Toxin production at 15°C was found to be significantly greater (P 7·0 log10 cfu g−1). In this study, the lower temperature limit for germination and growth on solid laboratory medium was found to be 12°C for all strains, i.e. 3°C lower than that observed in boiled rice.

  • Bacillus Cereus produces most emetic toxin at lower temperatures
    Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    Seven emetic toxin-producing strains of Bacillus Cereus were examined for toxin production in Skim Milk Medium at incubation temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 degrees C. Minimum and maximum growth temperatures were found to be 12 and 46 degrees C, respectively. At 12 and 15 degrees C, levels of toxin production were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that observed at 30 degrees C, while no toxin was produced above 37 degrees C. Increased levels of sporulation were observed at increased temperatures, and no correlation was found between levels of sporulation and toxin production (R(2) = 0.086).

  • semiautomated metabolic staining assay for Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    This paper describes a specific, sensitive, semiautomated, and quantitative Hep-2 cell culture-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin. Of nine Bacillus, BreviBacillus, and PaeniBacillus species assessed for emetic toxin production, only B. Cereus was cytotoxic.

W J J Finlay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin production in cooked rice
    Food Microbiology, 2002
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three mesophilic strains of Bacillus Cereus known to produce emetic toxin were used to model germination, growth and emetic toxin production in boiled rice cultures at incubation temperatures ranging from 8°C to 30°C. Minimum temperatures for germination and growth in boiled rice were found to be 15°C for all strains. Toxin production at 15°C was found to be significantly greater (P 7·0 log10 cfu g−1). In this study, the lower temperature limit for germination and growth on solid laboratory medium was found to be 12°C for all strains, i.e. 3°C lower than that observed in boiled rice.

  • Bacillus Cereus produces most emetic toxin at lower temperatures
    Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    Seven emetic toxin-producing strains of Bacillus Cereus were examined for toxin production in Skim Milk Medium at incubation temperatures ranging from 10 to 50 degrees C. Minimum and maximum growth temperatures were found to be 12 and 46 degrees C, respectively. At 12 and 15 degrees C, levels of toxin production were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that observed at 30 degrees C, while no toxin was produced above 37 degrees C. Increased levels of sporulation were observed at increased temperatures, and no correlation was found between levels of sporulation and toxin production (R(2) = 0.086).

  • semiautomated metabolic staining assay for Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin
    Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999
    Co-Authors: W J J Finlay, N A Logan, A D Sutherland
    Abstract:

    This paper describes a specific, sensitive, semiautomated, and quantitative Hep-2 cell culture-based 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for Bacillus Cereus emetic toxin. Of nine Bacillus, BreviBacillus, and PaeniBacillus species assessed for emetic toxin production, only B. Cereus was cytotoxic.

Norio Agata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • complete genome sequence of Bacillus Cereus nc7401 which produces high levels of the emetic toxin cereulide
    Journal of Bacteriology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Akira Takeno, Norio Agata, Keiko Yamada, Akira Okamoto, Keizo Tori, Kenshiro Oshima, Hideki Hirakawa, Naotake Ogasawara, Tetsuya Hayashi
    Abstract:

    We report the complete and annotated genome sequence of Bacillus Cereus NC7401, a representative of the strain group that causes emetic-type food poisoning. The emetic toxin, cereulide, is produced by a nonribosomal protein synthesis (NRPS) system that is encoded by a gene cluster on a large resident plasmid, pNCcld.

  • a new phylogenetic cluster of cereulide producing Bacillus Cereus strains
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Maria Vassileva, Norio Agata, Keizo Torii, Megumi Oshimoto, Keiko Yamada, Tadao Hasegawa, Akira Okamoto, Michio Ohta
    Abstract:

    Phenotypic and molecular studies have established that cereulide-producing strains of Bacillus Cereus are a distinct and probably recently emerged clone within the Bacillus population. We analyzed a set of B. Cereus strains, both cereulide producers and nonproducers, by multilocus sequence typing. Consistent with earlier reports, nonproducers demonstrated high heterogeneity. Most cereulide-producing strains and all flagellar antigen type H1 strains were allocated to the known sequence type of exclusively emetic B. Cereus strains. Several cereulide-producing strains, however, were recovered at a new phylogenetic location, all of which were serotype H3 or H12. We hypothesize that the group of cereulide producers is diversifying progressively, probably by lateral transfer of the corresponding gene complex.

  • production of an emetic toxin cereulide is associated with a specific class of Bacillus Cereus
    Current Microbiology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Norio Agata, Michio Ohta, Masashi Mori
    Abstract:

    The emetic toxin (cereulide) of Bacillus Cereus was quantified in several isolates of B. Cereus and in various food sources. When the emetic toxin was produced, vomiting-type food poisoning was observed in humans. We also found that the H-1 serovar phenotype was strongly associated with the production of cereulide and that none of the isolates that hydrolyzed starch or expressed diarrheal enterotoxin activity produced cereulide.

  • a novel dodecadepsipeptide cereulide is an emetic toxin of Bacillus Cereus
    Fems Microbiology Letters, 1995
    Co-Authors: Norio Agata, Masashi Mori, Michio Ohta, Minoru Isobe
    Abstract:

    A vacuole-formation substance, cereulide of Bacillus Cereus, is an emetic toxin in animals. Both oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of cereulide caused dose-dependent emesis in Suncus murinus, a new animal model of emesis. Vagotomy or a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist completely abolished this emetic effect. Therefore, cereulide causes emesis through the 5-HT3 receptor and stimulation of the vagus afferent. We also found that our purified cereulide caused swelling of mitochondria of HEp-2 cells.

Michio Ohta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a new phylogenetic cluster of cereulide producing Bacillus Cereus strains
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Maria Vassileva, Norio Agata, Keizo Torii, Megumi Oshimoto, Keiko Yamada, Tadao Hasegawa, Akira Okamoto, Michio Ohta
    Abstract:

    Phenotypic and molecular studies have established that cereulide-producing strains of Bacillus Cereus are a distinct and probably recently emerged clone within the Bacillus population. We analyzed a set of B. Cereus strains, both cereulide producers and nonproducers, by multilocus sequence typing. Consistent with earlier reports, nonproducers demonstrated high heterogeneity. Most cereulide-producing strains and all flagellar antigen type H1 strains were allocated to the known sequence type of exclusively emetic B. Cereus strains. Several cereulide-producing strains, however, were recovered at a new phylogenetic location, all of which were serotype H3 or H12. We hypothesize that the group of cereulide producers is diversifying progressively, probably by lateral transfer of the corresponding gene complex.

  • production of an emetic toxin cereulide is associated with a specific class of Bacillus Cereus
    Current Microbiology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Norio Agata, Michio Ohta, Masashi Mori
    Abstract:

    The emetic toxin (cereulide) of Bacillus Cereus was quantified in several isolates of B. Cereus and in various food sources. When the emetic toxin was produced, vomiting-type food poisoning was observed in humans. We also found that the H-1 serovar phenotype was strongly associated with the production of cereulide and that none of the isolates that hydrolyzed starch or expressed diarrheal enterotoxin activity produced cereulide.

  • a novel dodecadepsipeptide cereulide is an emetic toxin of Bacillus Cereus
    Fems Microbiology Letters, 1995
    Co-Authors: Norio Agata, Masashi Mori, Michio Ohta, Minoru Isobe
    Abstract:

    A vacuole-formation substance, cereulide of Bacillus Cereus, is an emetic toxin in animals. Both oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of cereulide caused dose-dependent emesis in Suncus murinus, a new animal model of emesis. Vagotomy or a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist completely abolished this emetic effect. Therefore, cereulide causes emesis through the 5-HT3 receptor and stimulation of the vagus afferent. We also found that our purified cereulide caused swelling of mitochondria of HEp-2 cells.