The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Barry J. Andrews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Chemotherapy for giardiasis: randomized clinical trial of Bacitracin, Bacitracin Zinc, and a combination of Bacitracin Zinc with neomycin.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1995Co-Authors: Barry J. Andrews, Dan Panitescu, Gheorge H. Jipa, Alexandru C. Vasile-bugarin, Rhodica P. Vasiliu, Jorgen R. RonnevigAbstract:This study describes a prospective, randomized, clinical trial in patients infected with the protozoa Giardia lamblia. Patients received a 10-day treatment with twice a day doses of either 120,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin Zinc, 120,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin, 120,000 U (USP) of neomycin, or 60,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin Zinc and 60,000 U (USP) of neomycin. At the first assessment (day 11), all 21 subjects (100%) treated with Bacitracin Zinc had ceased to show Giardia parasites in their stools compared with 19 (95%) of 20 receiving Bacitracin, 20 (90.9%) of 22 subjects receiving neomycin, and 17 (89.5%) of 19 subjects receiving Bacitracin Zinc plus neomycin. During the two-week follow up period, one (5.3%) of the 19 subjects examined who received Bacitracin Zinc experienced a recurrence compared with one (6.7%) of 15 receiving Bacitracin, one (5.0%) of 20 receiving neomycin, and 0 (0%) of 14 receiving the combination treatment. Final cure rates of 94.7% for Bacitracin Zinc, 87.5% for Bacitracin, 86.4% for neomycin, and 87.5% for Bacitracin Zinc plus neomycin were obtained. No synergistic activity was noted between Bacitracin Zinc and neomycin. Side effects were generally limited to nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea in a small number of patients.
-
Bacitracin Zinc for intestinal amoebiasis: a dose-response study
Current Therapeutic Research, 1995Co-Authors: Barry J. Andrews, Bjarne Bjorvatn, Watoky M.m.m. Nkya, Jorgen R. RonnevigAbstract:Abstract This study was performed to establish the efficacy of orally administered Bacitracin Zinc for asymptomatic and symptomatic intestinal infections with Entamoeba histolytica and to determine a recommended treatment regimen for use in future comparative clinical trials. The drug was assessed in a Tanzanian population during the long rain season of 1990. In symptomatic patients receiving single daily doses of 90,000 to 120,000 U (USP) Bacitracin Zinc for at least 3 days, signs and symptoms of infection were eradicated. In a limited, parallel-group trial of the effects of 3- and 5-day treatment regimens on asymptomatic infections, the signs of infection were similarly eradicated in all but one patient. When relapses were observed, they occurred more than 1 week after completion of treatment and were therefore indistinguishable from new infections. Thus the results indicate that both 3- and 5-day treatment regimens may be effective; further comparative clinical trials should be performed using the 3-day regimen.
-
The sensitivity of axenic 200:NIH Entamoeba histolytica to Bacitracin and its Zinc salt
Acta tropica, 1994Co-Authors: Barry J. AndrewsAbstract:This study extends the previous knowledge of the action of Bacitracin Zinc against xenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica. Results presented here, using axenic E. histolytica, confirm the enhanced activity of Bacitracin Zinc as compared to native Bacitracin and demonstrate that this enhancement is due to a direct effect upon the trophozoite. In the presence of Zinc, amoebastatic concentrations of Bacitracin became amoebacidal. The expression of the amoebacidal characteristics of 5 g/l Bacitracin Zinc following 24-35 h incubation coincided with the return of cell division by amoeba exposed to the same concentration of native Bacitracin. The activity of both Bacitracin and Bacitracin Zinc on trophozoites was unaffected by autoclaving, indicating a mode of action different from that exerted on Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast to previous clinical observations, no synergism could be detected between Bacitracin and neomycin.
Jorgen R. Ronnevig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Chemotherapy for giardiasis: randomized clinical trial of Bacitracin, Bacitracin Zinc, and a combination of Bacitracin Zinc with neomycin.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 1995Co-Authors: Barry J. Andrews, Dan Panitescu, Gheorge H. Jipa, Alexandru C. Vasile-bugarin, Rhodica P. Vasiliu, Jorgen R. RonnevigAbstract:This study describes a prospective, randomized, clinical trial in patients infected with the protozoa Giardia lamblia. Patients received a 10-day treatment with twice a day doses of either 120,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin Zinc, 120,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin, 120,000 U (USP) of neomycin, or 60,000 U (USP) of Bacitracin Zinc and 60,000 U (USP) of neomycin. At the first assessment (day 11), all 21 subjects (100%) treated with Bacitracin Zinc had ceased to show Giardia parasites in their stools compared with 19 (95%) of 20 receiving Bacitracin, 20 (90.9%) of 22 subjects receiving neomycin, and 17 (89.5%) of 19 subjects receiving Bacitracin Zinc plus neomycin. During the two-week follow up period, one (5.3%) of the 19 subjects examined who received Bacitracin Zinc experienced a recurrence compared with one (6.7%) of 15 receiving Bacitracin, one (5.0%) of 20 receiving neomycin, and 0 (0%) of 14 receiving the combination treatment. Final cure rates of 94.7% for Bacitracin Zinc, 87.5% for Bacitracin, 86.4% for neomycin, and 87.5% for Bacitracin Zinc plus neomycin were obtained. No synergistic activity was noted between Bacitracin Zinc and neomycin. Side effects were generally limited to nausea, abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea in a small number of patients.
-
Bacitracin Zinc for intestinal amoebiasis: a dose-response study
Current Therapeutic Research, 1995Co-Authors: Barry J. Andrews, Bjarne Bjorvatn, Watoky M.m.m. Nkya, Jorgen R. RonnevigAbstract:Abstract This study was performed to establish the efficacy of orally administered Bacitracin Zinc for asymptomatic and symptomatic intestinal infections with Entamoeba histolytica and to determine a recommended treatment regimen for use in future comparative clinical trials. The drug was assessed in a Tanzanian population during the long rain season of 1990. In symptomatic patients receiving single daily doses of 90,000 to 120,000 U (USP) Bacitracin Zinc for at least 3 days, signs and symptoms of infection were eradicated. In a limited, parallel-group trial of the effects of 3- and 5-day treatment regimens on asymptomatic infections, the signs of infection were similarly eradicated in all but one patient. When relapses were observed, they occurred more than 1 week after completion of treatment and were therefore indistinguishable from new infections. Thus the results indicate that both 3- and 5-day treatment regimens may be effective; further comparative clinical trials should be performed using the 3-day regimen.
Mieke L Van Driel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Cochrane Library - Topical antibiotics for preventing surgical site infection in wounds healing by primary intention
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Clare Heal, Jennifer Banks, Phoebe D Lepper, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Mieke L Van DrielAbstract:Background Surgical site infections (SSI) can delay wound healing, impair cosmetic outcome and increase healthcare costs. Topical antibiotics are sometimes used to reduce microbial contaminant exposure following surgical procedures, with the aim of reducing SSIs. Objectives The primary objective of this review was to determine whether the application of topical antibiotics to surgical wounds that are healing by primary intention reduces the incidence of SSI and whether it increases the incidence of adverse outcomes (allergic contact dermatitis, infections with patterns of antibiotic resistance and anaphylaxis). Search methods In May 2015 we searched: the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; the Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid Embase and EBSCO CINAHL. We also searched clinical trial registries for ongoing studies, and bibliographies of relevant publications to identify further eligible trials. There was no restriction of language, date of study or setting. The search was repeated in May 2016 to ensure currency of included studies. Selection criteria All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised trials that assessed the effects of topical antibiotics (any formulation, including impregnated dressings) in people with surgical wounds healing by primary intention were eligible for inclusion. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies and independently extracted data. Two authors then assessed the studies for risk of bias. Risk ratios were calculated for dichotomous variables, and when a sufficient number of comparable trials were available, trials were pooled in a meta-analysis. Main results A total of 10 RCTs and four quasi-randomised trials with 6466 participants met the inclusion criteria. Six studies involved minor procedures conducted in an outpatient or emergency department setting; eight studies involved major surgery conducted in theatre. Nine different topical antibiotics were included. We included two three-arm trials, two four-arm trials and 10 two-arm trials. The control groups comprised; an alternative topical antibiotic (two studies), topical antiseptic (six studies) and no topical antibiotic (10 studies), which comprised inert ointment (five studies) no treatment (four studies) and one study with one arm of each. The risk of bias of the 14 studies varied. Seven studies were at high risk of bias, five at unclear risk of bias and two at low risk of bias. Most risk of bias concerned risk of selection bias. Twelve of the studies (6259 participants) reported infection rates, although we could not extract the data for this outcome from one study. Four studies (3334 participants) measured allergic contact dermatitis as an outcome. Four studies measured positive wound swabs for patterns of antimicrobial resistance, for which there were no outcomes reported. No episodes of anaphylaxis were reported. Topical antibiotic versus no topical antibiotic We pooled the results of eight trials (5427 participants) for the outcome of SSI. Topical antibiotics probably reduce the risk of SSI in people with surgical wounds healing by primary intention compared with no topical antibiotic (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.87; moderate-quality evidence downgraded once for risk of bias). This equates to 20 fewer SSIs per 1000 patients treated with topical antibiotics (95% CI 7 to 29) and a number needed to treat for one additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) (i.e. prevention of one SSI) of 50. We pooled the results of three trials (3012 participants) for the outcome of allergic contact dermatitis, however this comparison was underpowered, and it is unclear whether topical antibiotics affect the risk of allergic contact dermatitis (RR 3.94, 95% CI 0.46 to 34.00; very low-quality evidence, downgraded twice for risk of bias, once for imprecision). Topical antibiotic versus antiseptic We pooled the results of five trials (1299 participants) for the outcome of SSI. Topical antibiotics probably reduce the risk of SSI in people with surgical wounds healing by primary intention compared with using topical antiseptics (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.80; moderate-quality evidence downgraded once for risk of bias). This equates to 43 fewer SSIs per 1000 patients treated with topical antibiotics instead of antiseptics (95% CI 17 to 59) and an NNTB of 24. We pooled the results of two trials (541 participants) for the outcome of allergic contact dermatitis; there was no clear difference in the risk of dermatitis between topical antibiotics and antiseptics, however this comparison was underpowered and a difference cannot be ruled out (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.82; very low-quality evidence, downgraded twice for risk of bias and once for imprecision). Topical antibiotic versus topical antibiotic One study (99 participants) compared mupirocin ointment with a combination ointment of neomycin/polymyxin B/Bacitracin Zinc for the outcome of SSI. There was no clear difference in the risk of SSI, however this comparison was underpowered (very low-quality evidence downgraded twice for risk of bias, once for imprecision). A four-arm trial involved two antibiotic arms (neomycin sulfate/Bacitracin Zinc/polymyxin B sulphate combination ointment versus Bacitracin Zinc, 219 participants). There was no clear difference in risk of SSI between the combination ointment and the Bacitracin Zinc ointment. The quality of evidence for this outcome was low, downgraded once for risk of bias, and once for imprecision. Authors' conclusions Topical antibiotics applied to surgical wounds healing by primary intention probably reduce the risk of SSI relative to no antibiotic, and relative to topical antiseptics (moderate quality evidence). We are unable to draw conclusions regarding the effects of topical antibiotics on adverse outcomes such as allergic contact dermatitis due to lack of statistical power (small sample sizes). We are also unable to draw conclusions regarding the impact of increasing topical antibiotic use on antibiotic resistance. The relative effects of different topical antibiotics are unclear.
Geoff Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Microbial Etiology of Hemodialysis Related Central Venous Catheter Exit Site Infections Following Use of Triple Antibiotic Ointment to Insertion Site
American Journal of Infection Control, 2006Co-Authors: D.m. Hobbs, Geoff TaylorAbstract:BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Catheter related infections are a serious and common complication in Hemodialysis (HD) patients who are dependent on central venous catheters (CVC) for their access. Applying Triple Antibiotic Ointment a broad spectrum topical antibacterial ointment containing Polymyxin B Sulfate, Bacitracin Zinc and Gramicidin to the CVC insertion site has been found to reduce the incidence of catheter related infections. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of exit site infections and the proportion due to Candida sp after instituting a practice of applying Triple Antibiotic Ointment to the insertion site of CVC catheters. METHODS: The patient population included in this project was a convenience subset of a Regional Dialysis population. All HD patients in 4 of 17 HD units within our Renal Program using a permanent tunneled and cuffed CVC for their HD access were included. Patients were surveyed from January 1 to March 31 2005. During this period a thin film of Triple Antibiotic Ointment was applied by dialysis nurses 3 times /week before each HD episode. Patient dialysis charts and culture reports from swabs of CVC sites were regularly reviewed. The Canadian definition for exit site infections was used to determine the presence or absence of infection. RESULTS: There were 306 HD patients and 147 patients used a permanent tunneled and cuffed CVC for their HD access. There were fifteen exit site infections in 15 patients during the 3 month survey, 2.7 per 1000 patient runs, 1.16 per 1000 catheter days. Of the 15 infections five (33%) were yeast infections. Other identified pathogens were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Diphtheriods . CONCLUSIONS: Following implementation of topical antibacterial prophylaxis of CVC exit sites, there has been an apparent increase in Candida sp as a cause of CVC site infections. A longer term study is warranted to confirm these results.
Bo Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Combination of antibiotics suppressed the increase of a part of ARGs in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs.
Environmental science and pollution research international, 2016Co-Authors: Qingpo Chu, Tingting Liang, Bo ZhouAbstract:The presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is one of the most important public health concerns. Six tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs—tetA, tetC, tetL, tetO, tetW, and tetX) were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in the fecal microorganisms of weaned pigs. Two hundred 35-day-old weaned pigs were fed different dietary antibiotics for 28 days: (1) no antibiotic as the control treatment (CT); (2) chlortetracycline, Bacitracin Zinc and colistin sulfate (CBC); (3) Bacitracin Zinc and colistin sulfate (BC); and (4) chlortetracycline (CTC). The detection frequencies (DFs) of tetC, tetL, and tetW were 100 %; and the DFs of tetA, tetD, tetM, tetO, and tetX were 65 %. The relative abundances (tet/16S rRNA gene copy numbers) of six tet genes (tetA, tetC, tetL, tetO, tetW and tetX) were between 1.5 × 10−4 and 2.0 × 10−1. In the group CTC, the relative abundances of tetC (P < 0.01), tetL (P < 0.01), tetO (P < 0.05), tetW (P < 0.01), and tetX (P < 0.01) were greater than those of the group CT. Compared with the group CTC, the relative abundances of tetC (P < 0.01), tetL (P < 0.01), and tetW (P < 0.01) were decreased in the CBC and BC groups. These results indicate that a combination of different antibiotics suppressed the abundance increase of a part of tet genes, which suggests that a combination of antibiotics produces multiple selection pressures on fecal microorganism of pigs.
