# Backhaul Network

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### Cheng-xiang Wang – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### VTC Fall – Wireless Backhaul Capacity of 5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks
2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), 2016
Co-Authors: Linghui Pan, Hsiao-hwa Chen, Cheng-xiang Wang

Abstract:

With the growth of wireless transmission rate on user terminals, the Backhaul Network capacity becomes a bottleneck for improving the performance of future 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Based on the wireless multi-hop relay technology, the Backhaul Network capacity of 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks with multi-gateways is analyzed in this paper. Moreover, a minimum average hop number (MAN) algorithm is developed to improve the Backhaul Network capacity and energy efficiency of wireless Backhaul Networks for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Simulation results indicate there exist a stationary Backhaul Network capacity and a maximum energy efficiency of wireless Backhaul Networks when the density of small cell BSs is larger than the specified threshold.

• ##### 5g ultra dense cellular Networks
IEEE Wireless Communications, 2016
Co-Authors: Xi Aohu Ge, Song Tu, Cheng-xiang Wang

Abstract:

Traditional ultra-dense wireless Networks are recommended as a complement for cellular Networks and are deployed in partial areas, such as hotspot and indoor scenarios. Based on the massive multiple-input multi-output antennas and the millimeter wave communication technologies, the 5G ultra-dense cellular Network is proposed to deploy in overall cellular scenarios. Moreover, a distribution Network architecture is presented for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Furthermore, the Backhaul Network capacity and the Backhaul energy efficiency of ultra-dense cellular Networks are investigated to answer an important question, that is, how much densification can be deployed for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Simulation results reveal that there exist densification limits for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks with Backhaul Network capacity and Backhaul energy efficiency constraints.

• ##### 5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks
IEEE Wireless Communications, 2016
Co-Authors: Xi Aohu Ge, Song Tu, Guoqiang Mao, Cheng-xiang Wang, Tao Han

Abstract:

Traditional ultra-dense wireless Networks are recommended as a complement for cellular Networks and are deployed in partial areas, such as hotspot and indoor scenarios. Based on the massive multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas and the millimeter wavecommunication technologies, the 5G ultra-dense cellular Network is proposed to deploy in overall cellular scenarios. Moreover, a distribution Network architecture is presented for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Furthermore, the Backhaul Network capacity and the Backhaul energy efficiency of ultra-dense cellular Networks are investigated to answer an important question, i.e., how much densification can be deployed for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Simulation results reveal that there exist densification limits for 5G ultra-dense cellualr Networks with Backhaul Network capacity and Backhaul energy efficiency constraints.

### Xi Aohu Ge – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### 5g ultra dense cellular Networks
IEEE Wireless Communications, 2016
Co-Authors: Xi Aohu Ge, Song Tu, Cheng-xiang Wang

Abstract:

Traditional ultra-dense wireless Networks are recommended as a complement for cellular Networks and are deployed in partial areas, such as hotspot and indoor scenarios. Based on the massive multiple-input multi-output antennas and the millimeter wave communication technologies, the 5G ultra-dense cellular Network is proposed to deploy in overall cellular scenarios. Moreover, a distribution Network architecture is presented for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Furthermore, the Backhaul Network capacity and the Backhaul energy efficiency of ultra-dense cellular Networks are investigated to answer an important question, that is, how much densification can be deployed for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Simulation results reveal that there exist densification limits for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks with Backhaul Network capacity and Backhaul energy efficiency constraints.

• ##### 5G Ultra-Dense Cellular Networks
IEEE Wireless Communications, 2016
Co-Authors: Xi Aohu Ge, Song Tu, Guoqiang Mao, Cheng-xiang Wang, Tao Han

Abstract:

Traditional ultra-dense wireless Networks are recommended as a complement for cellular Networks and are deployed in partial areas, such as hotspot and indoor scenarios. Based on the massive multiple-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas and the millimeter wavecommunication technologies, the 5G ultra-dense cellular Network is proposed to deploy in overall cellular scenarios. Moreover, a distribution Network architecture is presented for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Furthermore, the Backhaul Network capacity and the Backhaul energy efficiency of ultra-dense cellular Networks are investigated to answer an important question, i.e., how much densification can be deployed for 5G ultra-dense cellular Networks. Simulation results reveal that there exist densification limits for 5G ultra-dense cellualr Networks with Backhaul Network capacity and Backhaul energy efficiency constraints.

### Geekung Chang – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

• ##### fiber wireless integrated mobile BackhaulNetwork based on a hybrid millimeter wave and free space optics architecture with an adaptive diversity combining technique
Optics Letters, 2016
Co-Authors: Junwen Zhang, Jing Wang, Lin Cheng, Geekung Chang

Abstract:

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel fiber–wireless integrated mobile Backhaul Network based on a hybrid millimeter-wave (MMW) and free-space-optics (FSO) architecture using an adaptive combining technique. Both 60 GHz MMW and FSO links are demonstrated and fully integrated with optical fibers in a scalable and cost-effective Backhaul system setup. Joint signal processing with an adaptive diversity combining technique (ADCT) is utilized at the receiver side based on a maximum ratio combining algorithm. Mobile Backhaul transportation of 4-Gb/s 16 quadrature amplitude modulation frequency-division multiplexing (QAM-OFDM) data is experimentally demonstrated and tested under various weather conditions synthesized in the lab. Performance improvement in terms of reduced error vector magnitude (EVM) and enhanced link reliability are validated under fog, rain, and turbulence conditions.

• ##### cost effective mobile BackhaulNetwork using existing odn of pons for the 5g wireless systems
IEEE Photonics Journal, 2015
Co-Authors: J Y Sung, Chiwai Chow, Chienhung Yeh, Yang Liu, Geekung Chang

Abstract:

An optical distribution Network (ODN) sharing scheme to integrate mobile Backhaul Networks with the existing passive optical Network (PON) systems is proposed and demonstrated. With the ODN sharing scheme, the expense of building new fibers for the next-generation fifth-generation (5G) mobile Backhaul Networks can be reduced. As many wavelengths are allocated to the already deployed PON systems, there remain limited wavelengths for the mobile Backhaul systems. Hence, to efficiently increase the serving cell sites of the 5G systems, spectral-efficient orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is adopted in the mobile Backhaul systems. In order to reduce the latency of the system, adaptive adjustment of the OFDM signals for different transmission distances is averted. The OFDM signals are transmitted only using specific available bandwidth. The available bandwidth for each wavelength is studied according to the power fading relationship between the transmission distances and the chirp induced from signal modulation. A proof-of-concept demonstration experiment has been performed. In our results, 20.17 Gb/s with a bit error rate (BER) lower than $3.8\times 10^{-3}$ was realized with a split ratio of 256 and a 40-km transmission distance of the PON ODN. Hence, each wavelength can support about 20, six, and two nodes for the IMT-advanced, current Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, and the expected 5G systems, respectively.

• ##### ICC – A Carrier-Ethernet oriented transport protocol with a novel congestion control and QoS integration: Analytical, simulated and experimental validation
2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2012
Co-Authors: Claudio Estevez, Sergio Angulo, Andres Abujatum, Georgios Ellinas, Cheng Liu, Geekung Chang

Abstract:

Carrier Ethernet is becoming the dominating Backhaul Network due to its flexibility, scalability, interoperability and low-cost. Carrier Ethernet Networks (CENs) are inherently high bandwidth-delay product (BDP) Networks, hence Traditional TCP, and similar variants, make undesirable choices of transport protocol mainly because of the aggressive multiplicative-decrease algorithm. The Ethernet-Services Transport Protocol (ESTP) has proven relieve the effects of the decrease algorithm by dynamically adjusting the transmission rate according to the level of congestion estimated in the Network. It should be emphasized that most protocols detect congestion, but do not estimate the level of congestion. Also ESTP incorporates QoS information to further improve performance. In this work, a steady-state throughput analytical model of ESTP is derived, an experimental testbed is built and simulation results are obtained. All validation methods show good agreement.