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James R Rice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fault Branching and rupture directivity
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Sonia Fliss, Harsha S Bhat, Renata Dmowska, James R RiceAbstract:[1] Could the directivity of a complex earthquake be inferred from the ruptured fault Branches it created? Typically, Branches develop in forward orientation, making acute angles relative to the propagation direction. Direct Backward Branching of the same style as the main rupture (e.g., both right lateral) is disallowed by the stress field at the rupture front. Here we propose another mechanism of Backward Branching. In that mechanism, rupture stops along one fault strand, radiates stress to a neighboring strand, nucleates there, and develops bilaterally, generating a Backward Branch. Such makes diagnosing directivity of a past earthquake difficult without detailed knowledge of the Branching process. As a field example, in the Landers 1992 earthquake, rupture stopped at the northern end of the Kickapoo fault, jumped onto the Homestead Valley fault, and developed bilaterally there, NNW to continue the main rupture but also SSE for 4 km forming a Backward Branch. We develop theoretical principles underlying such rupture transitions, partly from elastostatic stress analysis, and then simulate the Landers example numerically using a two-dimensional elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation incorporating slip-weakening rupture. This reproduces the proposed Backward Branching mechanism based on realistic if simplified fault geometries, prestress orientation corresponding to the region, standard lab friction values for peak strength, and fracture energies characteristic of the Landers event. We also show that the seismic S ratio controls the jumpable distance and that curving of a fault toward its compressional side, like locally along the southeastern Homestead Valley fault, induces near-tip increase of compressive normal stress that slows rupture propagation.
Sonia Fliss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fault Branching and rupture directivity
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Sonia Fliss, Harsha S Bhat, Renata Dmowska, James R RiceAbstract:[1] Could the directivity of a complex earthquake be inferred from the ruptured fault Branches it created? Typically, Branches develop in forward orientation, making acute angles relative to the propagation direction. Direct Backward Branching of the same style as the main rupture (e.g., both right lateral) is disallowed by the stress field at the rupture front. Here we propose another mechanism of Backward Branching. In that mechanism, rupture stops along one fault strand, radiates stress to a neighboring strand, nucleates there, and develops bilaterally, generating a Backward Branch. Such makes diagnosing directivity of a past earthquake difficult without detailed knowledge of the Branching process. As a field example, in the Landers 1992 earthquake, rupture stopped at the northern end of the Kickapoo fault, jumped onto the Homestead Valley fault, and developed bilaterally there, NNW to continue the main rupture but also SSE for 4 km forming a Backward Branch. We develop theoretical principles underlying such rupture transitions, partly from elastostatic stress analysis, and then simulate the Landers example numerically using a two-dimensional elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation incorporating slip-weakening rupture. This reproduces the proposed Backward Branching mechanism based on realistic if simplified fault geometries, prestress orientation corresponding to the region, standard lab friction values for peak strength, and fracture energies characteristic of the Landers event. We also show that the seismic S ratio controls the jumpable distance and that curving of a fault toward its compressional side, like locally along the southeastern Homestead Valley fault, induces near-tip increase of compressive normal stress that slows rupture propagation.
Harsha S Bhat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fault Branching and rupture directivity
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Sonia Fliss, Harsha S Bhat, Renata Dmowska, James R RiceAbstract:[1] Could the directivity of a complex earthquake be inferred from the ruptured fault Branches it created? Typically, Branches develop in forward orientation, making acute angles relative to the propagation direction. Direct Backward Branching of the same style as the main rupture (e.g., both right lateral) is disallowed by the stress field at the rupture front. Here we propose another mechanism of Backward Branching. In that mechanism, rupture stops along one fault strand, radiates stress to a neighboring strand, nucleates there, and develops bilaterally, generating a Backward Branch. Such makes diagnosing directivity of a past earthquake difficult without detailed knowledge of the Branching process. As a field example, in the Landers 1992 earthquake, rupture stopped at the northern end of the Kickapoo fault, jumped onto the Homestead Valley fault, and developed bilaterally there, NNW to continue the main rupture but also SSE for 4 km forming a Backward Branch. We develop theoretical principles underlying such rupture transitions, partly from elastostatic stress analysis, and then simulate the Landers example numerically using a two-dimensional elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation incorporating slip-weakening rupture. This reproduces the proposed Backward Branching mechanism based on realistic if simplified fault geometries, prestress orientation corresponding to the region, standard lab friction values for peak strength, and fracture energies characteristic of the Landers event. We also show that the seismic S ratio controls the jumpable distance and that curving of a fault toward its compressional side, like locally along the southeastern Homestead Valley fault, induces near-tip increase of compressive normal stress that slows rupture propagation.
Renata Dmowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fault Branching and rupture directivity
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Sonia Fliss, Harsha S Bhat, Renata Dmowska, James R RiceAbstract:[1] Could the directivity of a complex earthquake be inferred from the ruptured fault Branches it created? Typically, Branches develop in forward orientation, making acute angles relative to the propagation direction. Direct Backward Branching of the same style as the main rupture (e.g., both right lateral) is disallowed by the stress field at the rupture front. Here we propose another mechanism of Backward Branching. In that mechanism, rupture stops along one fault strand, radiates stress to a neighboring strand, nucleates there, and develops bilaterally, generating a Backward Branch. Such makes diagnosing directivity of a past earthquake difficult without detailed knowledge of the Branching process. As a field example, in the Landers 1992 earthquake, rupture stopped at the northern end of the Kickapoo fault, jumped onto the Homestead Valley fault, and developed bilaterally there, NNW to continue the main rupture but also SSE for 4 km forming a Backward Branch. We develop theoretical principles underlying such rupture transitions, partly from elastostatic stress analysis, and then simulate the Landers example numerically using a two-dimensional elastodynamic boundary integral equation formulation incorporating slip-weakening rupture. This reproduces the proposed Backward Branching mechanism based on realistic if simplified fault geometries, prestress orientation corresponding to the region, standard lab friction values for peak strength, and fracture energies characteristic of the Landers event. We also show that the seismic S ratio controls the jumpable distance and that curving of a fault toward its compressional side, like locally along the southeastern Homestead Valley fault, induces near-tip increase of compressive normal stress that slows rupture propagation.
Ding Yuqin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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graft of radius periosteum flap pedicled with fascia and vessel and herbert screw in treatment of scaphoid nonunion
Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics, 2013Co-Authors: Ding YuqinAbstract:Objective To investigate the graft of radial periosteum flap pedicled with fascia and styloid Backward Branch of radial artery and Herbert screw to scaphoid nonunion in clinic.Methods 12 cases of scaphoid nonunion were treated with open reduction,bone flap graft and Herbert screw fixation.Results 12 cases were followed up for 6～18 months.All the grafted bone flap in 12 cases healed with abundant blood-supply.The excellent function of the radiocarpal joint was restored postoperatively.Conclusions Since the operation results in little lesion to the donor part and abundant blood supply,and the surgical procedure is easy to manipulate,the graft of the radius periosteum bone flap pedicled with fascia and styloid Backward Branch of radial artery is a reliable method to treat scaphoid nonunion.
