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Auli Toivanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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British Journal of Rheumatology 1994^3:1127-1130 SYNOVIAL FLUID MURAMIC ACID IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY Arthritis
2016Co-Authors: Auli ToivanenAbstract:Presence of muramic acid, a Bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory Arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory Arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent Bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the Bacterial Arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive Arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory Arthritis are of Bacterial origin. KEY WORDS: Arthritis, Mass spectrometry, Peptidoglycan. OFTEN, in the absence of any indication for microbial or other cause, the aetiology of an acute inflammatory Arthritis remains undefined [1]. The differential diag-nosis between Bacterial Arthritis and reactive Arthritis is a well known clinical problem. The only definitive test for Bacterial Arthritis is the demonstration of bacteri
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synovial fluid muramic acid in acute inflammatory Arthritis
Rheumatology, 1994Co-Authors: L Lehtonen, P Kortekangas, P Oksman, Erkki Eerola, Hannu T Aro, Auli ToivanenAbstract:Presence of muramic acid, a Bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory Arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory Arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent Bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the Bacterial Arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive Arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory Arthritis are of Bacterial origin.
P Kortekangas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synovial fluid muramic acid in acute inflammatory Arthritis
Rheumatology, 1994Co-Authors: L Lehtonen, P Kortekangas, P Oksman, Erkki Eerola, Hannu T Aro, Auli ToivanenAbstract:Presence of muramic acid, a Bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory Arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory Arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent Bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the Bacterial Arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive Arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory Arthritis are of Bacterial origin.
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synovial fluid leukocytosis in Bacterial Arthritis vs reactive Arthritis and rheumatoid Arthritis in the adult knee
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1992Co-Authors: P Kortekangas, Hannu T Aro, J Tuominen, A ToivanenAbstract:In this comparative analysis of laboratory data, we examined the characteristics of synovial fluid leukocytosis in eighty adult patients with Bacterial Arthritis, reactive Arthritis or rheumatoid a...
Hannu T Aro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synovial fluid muramic acid in acute inflammatory Arthritis
Rheumatology, 1994Co-Authors: L Lehtonen, P Kortekangas, P Oksman, Erkki Eerola, Hannu T Aro, Auli ToivanenAbstract:Presence of muramic acid, a Bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory Arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory Arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent Bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the Bacterial Arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive Arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory Arthritis are of Bacterial origin.
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synovial fluid leukocytosis in Bacterial Arthritis vs reactive Arthritis and rheumatoid Arthritis in the adult knee
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1992Co-Authors: P Kortekangas, Hannu T Aro, J Tuominen, A ToivanenAbstract:In this comparative analysis of laboratory data, we examined the characteristics of synovial fluid leukocytosis in eighty adult patients with Bacterial Arthritis, reactive Arthritis or rheumatoid a...
Masamitsu Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linezolid and vancomycin decrease the therapeutic effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy in a mouse model of mrsa Bacterial Arthritis
Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2013Co-Authors: Masamitsu Tanaka, Pawel Mroz, Tianhong Dai, Liyi Huang, Yuji Morimoto, Manabu Kinoshita, Yasuo Yoshihara, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Shuhji Seki, Koichi NemotoAbstract:We previously reported that photodynamic therapy (PDT) using intra-articular methylene blue (MB) could be used to treat Arthritis in mice caused by bioluminescent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) either in a therapeutic or in a preventative mode. PDT accumulated neutrophils into the mouse knee via activation of chemoattractants such as inflammatory cytokines or chemokines. In this study, we asked whether PDT combined with antibiotics used for MRSA could provide added benefit in controlling the infection. We compared MB-PDT alone, systemic administration of either linezolid (LZD) alone or vancomycin (VCM) alone or the combination of PDT with either LZD or VCM. Real-time noninvasive imaging was used to serially follow the progress of the infection. PDT alone was the most effective, whereas LZD alone was ineffective and VCM alone showed some benefit. Surprisingly the addition of LZD or VCM reduced the therapeutic effect of PDT alone (P < 0.05). Considering that PDT in this mouse model stimulates neutrophils to be antiBacterial rather than actively killing the bacteria, we propose that LZD and VCM might inhibit the activation of inflammatory cytokines without eradicating the bacteria, and thereby reduce the therapeutic effect of PDT.
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photodynamic therapy can induce a protective innate immune response against murine Bacterial Arthritis via neutrophil accumulation
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Masamitsu Tanaka, Pawel Mroz, Tianhong Dai, Liyi Huang, Yuji Morimoto, Manabu Kinoshita, Yasuo Yoshihara, Koichi Nemoto, Nariyoshi ShinomiyaAbstract:Background Local microbial infections induced by multiple-drug-resistant bacteria in the orthopedic field can be intractable, therefore development of new therapeutic modalities is needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative modality to antibiotics for intractable microbial infections, and we recently reported that PDT has the potential to accumulate neutrophils into the infected site which leads to resolution of the infection. PDT for cancer has long been known to be able to stimulate the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, a murine methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Arthritis model using bioluminescent MRSA and polystyrene microparticles was established, and both the therapeutic (Th-PDT) and preventive (Pre-PDT) effects of PDT using methylene blue as photosensitizer were examined. Although Th-PDT could not demonstrate direct Bacterial killing, neutrophils were accumulated into the infectious joint space after PDT and MRSA Arthritis was reduced. With the preconditioning Pre-PDT regimen, neutrophils were quickly accumulated into the joint immediately after Bacterial inoculation and Bacterial growth was suppressed and the establishment of infection was inhibited. Conclusions/Significance This is the first demonstration of a protective innate immune response against a Bacterial pathogen produced by PDT.
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photodynamic therapy can induce non specific protective immunity against a Bacterial infection
Proceedings of SPIE, 2012Co-Authors: Masamitsu Tanaka, Pawel Mroz, Tianhong Dai, Yuji Morimoto, Manabu Kinoshita, Michael R HamblinAbstract:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer is known to induce an immune response against the tumor, in addition to its well-known direct cell-killing and vascular destructive effects. PDT is becoming increasingly used as a therapy for localized infections. However there has not to date been a convincing report of an immune response being generated against a microbial pathogen after PDT in an animal model. We have studied PDT as a therapy for Bacterial Arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection in the mouse knee. We had previously found that PDT of an infection caused by injection of MRSA (5X10 7 CFU) into the mouse knee followed 3 days later by 1 μg of Photofrin and 635- nm diode laser illumination with a range of fluences within 5 minutes, gave a biphasic dose response. The greatest reduction of MRSA CFU was seen with a fluence of 20 J/cm2, whereas lower antiBacterial efficacy was observed with fluences that were either lower or higher. We then tested the hypothesis that the host immune response mediated by neutrophils was responsible for most of the beneficial antiBacterial effect. We used bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expressing bacteria to follow the progress of the infection in real time. We found similar results using intra-articular methylene blue and red light, and more importantly, that carrying out PDT of the noninfected joint and subsequently injecting bacteria after PDT led to a significant protection from infection. Taken together with substantial data from studies using blocking antibodies we believe that the pre-conditioning PDT regimen recruits and stimulates neutrophils into the infected joint which can then destroy bacteria that are subsequently injected and prevent infection.
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photodynamic therapy using intra articular photofrin for murine mrsa Arthritis biphasic light dose response for neutrophil mediated antiBacterial effect
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Masamitsu Tanaka, Manabu Kinoshita, Yasuo Yoshihara, Koichi Nemoto, Nariyoshi Shinomiya, Shuhji Seki, Michael R Hamblin, Yuji MorimotoAbstract:Background and Objective Bacterial Arthritis does not respond well to antibiotics and moreover multidrug resistance is spreading. We previously tested photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by systemic Photofrin® in a mouse model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Arthritis, but found that neutrophils were killed by PDT and therefore the infection was potentiated. Study Design/Materials and Methods The present study used an intra-articular injection of Photofrin® and optimized the light dosimetry in order to maximize Bacterial killing and minimize killing of host neutrophils. MRSA (5 × 107 CFU) was injected into the mouse knee followed 3 days later by 1 µg of Photofrin® and 635-nm diode laser illumination with a range of fluences within 5 minutes. Synovial fluid was sampled 6 hours or 1–3, 5, and 7 days after PDT to determine MRSA colony-forming units (CFU), neutrophil numbers, and levels of cytokines. Results A biphasic light dose response was observed with the greatest reduction of MRSA CFU seen with a fluence of 20 J cm−2, whereas lower antiBacterial efficacy was observed with fluences that were either lower or higher. Consistent with these results, a significantly higher concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-2, a CXC chemokine, and greater accumulation of neutrophils were seen in the infected knee joint after PDT with a fluence of 20 J cm−2 compared to fluences of 5 or 70 J cm−2. Conclusion PDT for murine MRSA Arthritis requires appropriate light dosimetry to simultaneously maximize Bacterial killing and neutrophil accumulation into the infected site, while too little light does not kill sufficient bacteria and too much light kills neutrophils and damages host tissue as well as bacteria and allows bacteria to grow unimpeded by host defense. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:221–229, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
L Lehtonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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synovial fluid muramic acid in acute inflammatory Arthritis
Rheumatology, 1994Co-Authors: L Lehtonen, P Kortekangas, P Oksman, Erkki Eerola, Hannu T Aro, Auli ToivanenAbstract:Presence of muramic acid, a Bacterial cell wall component, was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in synovial fluid (SF) of 40 patients with acute inflammatory Arthritis. SF muramic acid was observed in 4/14 patients with acute, culture negative inflammatory Arthritis of unclear origin. Each of these four patients had a history of a recent Bacterial disease (pansinuitis, purulent leg ulcer, erysipelas, unexplained fever with suspicion of cholecystitis and urinary tract infection). In the Bacterial Arthritis, SF muramic acid was detected in 6/12 patients (in 2/6 culture negative cases). In the reactive Arthritis due to Salmonella or Yersinia, the rate of positivity was 2/14. Nineteen samples of traumatic SF effusion were muramic acid negative. These findings indicate that several cases of undefined acute inflammatory Arthritis are of Bacterial origin.