The Experts below are selected from a list of 300 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Chris A. Van Beneden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among American Samoan Children, 2011–2012
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged
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scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among american samoan children 2011 2012
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged <1 year had the highest incidence (99.9/1,000 children). Children aged 0–4 years were 4.9 times more likely and those aged 5–9 years were 2.2 times more likely to have received a scabies diagnosis than children aged 10–14 years. Conclusions/Significance Scabies and its sequelae cause substantial morbidity among AS children. Bacterial Superinfection prevalence and frequent reinfestations highlight the importance of diagnosing scabies and early treatment of patients and close contacts. Investigating why certain AS counties have a lower scabies incidence might help guide recommendations for improving scabies control among counties with a higher incidence. We recommend interventions targeting infants and young children who have frequent close family contact.
Laura Edison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among American Samoan Children, 2011–2012
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged
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scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among american samoan children 2011 2012
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged <1 year had the highest incidence (99.9/1,000 children). Children aged 0–4 years were 4.9 times more likely and those aged 5–9 years were 2.2 times more likely to have received a scabies diagnosis than children aged 10–14 years. Conclusions/Significance Scabies and its sequelae cause substantial morbidity among AS children. Bacterial Superinfection prevalence and frequent reinfestations highlight the importance of diagnosing scabies and early treatment of patients and close contacts. Investigating why certain AS counties have a lower scabies incidence might help guide recommendations for improving scabies control among counties with a higher incidence. We recommend interventions targeting infants and young children who have frequent close family contact.
John F. Alcorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survival during influenza-associated Bacterial Superinfection improves following viral- and Bacterial-specific monoclonal antibody treatment
JCI insight, 2019Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Matthew J. Pilewski, Kara L. Nickolich, Joshua M. Tobin, Nicole L. Kallewaard, Bret R. Sellman, Taylor S. Cohen, John F. AlcornAbstract:Postinfluenza Bacterial Superinfections cause increased morbidity and mortality compared with singular infection with influenza during both pandemics and seasonal epidemics. Vaccines and current treatments provide limited benefit, a rationale to conduct studies utilizing alternative therapies. FY1 and an optimized version, MEDI8852, anti-influenza HA mAbs, have been shown to neutralize influenza virus during singular influenza infection. MEDI4893*, an anti-Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin mAb, has been shown to improve survival when administered prophylactically prior to S. aureus pneumonia. Our objective was to determine if mAbs can improve survival during postinfluenza Bacterial pneumonia. We administered FY1 in a murine model of postinfluenza methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pneumonia and observed improved survival rates when given early during the course of influenza infection. Our findings indicate decreased lung injury and increased uptake and binding of bacteria by macrophages in the mice that received FY1 earlier in the course of influenza infection, corresponding to decreased Bacterial burden. We also observed improved survival when mice were treated with a combination of FY1 and MEDI4893* late during the course of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia. In conclusion, both FY1 and MEDI4893* prolong survival when used in a murine model of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia, suggesting pathogen-specific mAbs as a possible therapeutic in the context of Bacterial Superinfection.
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Interferon Lambda Inhibits Bacterial Uptake during Influenza Superinfection
Infection and Immunity, 2019Co-Authors: Helen E. Rich, Keven M. Robinson, Kevin J. Mchugh, Jieru Wang, Collin C. Mccourt, Wen Quan Zheng, John F. AlcornAbstract:ABSTRACT Influenza kills 30,000 to 40,000 people each year in the United States and causes 10 times as many hospitalizations. A common complication of influenza is Bacterial Superinfection, which exacerbates morbidity and mortality from the viral illness. Recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as the dominant pathogen found in Bacterial Superinfection, with Streptococcus pneumoniae a close second. However, clinicians have few tools to treat Bacterial Superinfection. Current therapy for influenza/Bacterial Superinfection consists of treating the underlying influenza infection and adding various antibiotics, which are increasingly rendered ineffective by rising Bacterial multidrug resistance. Several groups have recently proposed the use of the antiviral cytokine interferon lambda (IFN-λ) as a therapeutic for influenza, as administration of pegylated IFN-λ improves lung function and survival during influenza by reducing the overabundance of neutrophils in the lung. However, our data suggest that therapeutic IFN-λ impairs Bacterial clearance during influenza Superinfection. Specifically, mice treated with an adenoviral vector to overexpress IFN-λ during influenza infection exhibited increased Bacterial burdens upon Superinfection with either MRSA or S. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, adhesion molecule expression, antimicrobial peptide production, and reactive oxygen species activity were not altered by IFN-λ treatment. However, neutrophil uptake of MRSA and S. pneumoniae was significantly reduced upon IFN-λ treatment during influenza Superinfection in vivo. Together, these data support the theory that IFN-λ decreases neutrophil motility and function in the influenza-infected lung, which increases the Bacterial burden during Superinfection. Thus, we believe that caution should be exercised in the possible future use of IFN-λ as therapy for influenza.
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novel protective mechanism for interleukin 33 at the mucosal barrier during influenza associated Bacterial Superinfection
Mucosal Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Michelle E. Clay, Kevin J. Mchugh, Helen E. Rich, John F. AlcornAbstract:Influenza A is a highly contagious respiratory virus that causes seasonal epidemics and occasional worldwide pandemics. The primary cause of influenza-related mortality is Bacterial Superinfection. There are numerous mechanisms by which preceding influenza infection attenuates host defense, allowing for increased susceptibility to Bacterial pneumonia. Herein, we demonstrate that influenza inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-induced production of interleukin-33 (IL-33). Restoration of IL-33 during influenza A and methicillin-resistant S. aureus Superinfection enhanced Bacterial clearance and improved mortality. Innate lymphoid Type 2 cells and alternatively activated macrophages are not required for IL-33-mediated protection during Superinfection. We show that IL-33 treatment resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the lung, associated with improved Bacterial clearance. These findings identify a novel role for IL-33 in antiBacterial host defense at the mucosal barrier.
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stat1 is required for suppression of type 17 immunity during influenza and Bacterial Superinfection
ImmunoHorizons, 2017Co-Authors: Benjamin Lee, Keven M. Robinson, Kevin J. Mchugh, Radha Gopal, Michelle L Manni, Sivanarayana Mandalapu, John F. AlcornAbstract:Influenza is an annual, global health care concern. Secondary Bacterial pneumonia is a severe complication associated with primary influenza virus infection, often resulting in critical morbidity and mortality. Our laboratory has identified influenza-induced suppression of anti-Bacterial Type 17 immunity as a mechanism for enhanced susceptibility to Bacterial super-infection. We have shown that influenza-induced type I interferon impairs Type 17 activation. STAT1 is a transcription factor involved in interferon signaling, shared by type I, II, and III interferon. In this work, we investigated the role of STAT1 signaling during influenza, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) super-infection. STAT1-/- mice had increased morbidity and airway inflammation compared to control mice during influenza mono-infection. Despite this worsened anti-viral response, STAT1-/- mice were protected from super-infection Bacterial burden and mortality compared to controls. Type 17 immune activation was increased in lymphocytes in STAT1-/- mice during super-infection. The elevation in Type 17 immunity was not related to increased IL-23 production, as type I interferon could inhibit IL-23 expression in a STAT1 independent manner. STAT1-/- antigen presenting cells were inherently biased towards Type 17 polarization compared to control cells. Further, STAT1-/- dendritic cells produced attenuated IL-6 and TNFα upon heat-killed S. aureus stimulation compared to control. Overall, these data indicate that STAT1 signaling plays a detrimental role in influenza, MRSA super-infection by controlling the magnitude of Type 17 immune activation.
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influenza and Bacterial Superinfection illuminating the immunologic mechanisms of disease
Infection and Immunity, 2015Co-Authors: Agnieszka Ryndaapple, Keven M. Robinson, John F. AlcornAbstract:ABSTRACT Seasonal influenza virus infection presents a major strain on the health care system. Influenza virus infection has pandemic potential, which was repeatedly observed during the last century. Severe disease may occur in the young, in the elderly, in those with preexisting lung disease, and in previously healthy individuals. A common cause of severe influenza pathogenesis is Superinfection with Bacterial pathogens, namely, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A great deal of recent research has focused on the immune pathways involved in influenza-induced susceptibility to secondary Bacterial pneumonia. Both innate and adaptive antiBacterial host defenses are impaired in the context of preceding influenza virus infection. The goal of this minireview is to highlight these findings and synthesize these data into a shared central theme of pathogenesis.
Keven M. Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Survival during influenza-associated Bacterial Superinfection improves following viral- and Bacterial-specific monoclonal antibody treatment
JCI insight, 2019Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Matthew J. Pilewski, Kara L. Nickolich, Joshua M. Tobin, Nicole L. Kallewaard, Bret R. Sellman, Taylor S. Cohen, John F. AlcornAbstract:Postinfluenza Bacterial Superinfections cause increased morbidity and mortality compared with singular infection with influenza during both pandemics and seasonal epidemics. Vaccines and current treatments provide limited benefit, a rationale to conduct studies utilizing alternative therapies. FY1 and an optimized version, MEDI8852, anti-influenza HA mAbs, have been shown to neutralize influenza virus during singular influenza infection. MEDI4893*, an anti-Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin mAb, has been shown to improve survival when administered prophylactically prior to S. aureus pneumonia. Our objective was to determine if mAbs can improve survival during postinfluenza Bacterial pneumonia. We administered FY1 in a murine model of postinfluenza methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) pneumonia and observed improved survival rates when given early during the course of influenza infection. Our findings indicate decreased lung injury and increased uptake and binding of bacteria by macrophages in the mice that received FY1 earlier in the course of influenza infection, corresponding to decreased Bacterial burden. We also observed improved survival when mice were treated with a combination of FY1 and MEDI4893* late during the course of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia. In conclusion, both FY1 and MEDI4893* prolong survival when used in a murine model of postinfluenza MRSA pneumonia, suggesting pathogen-specific mAbs as a possible therapeutic in the context of Bacterial Superinfection.
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Interferon Lambda Inhibits Bacterial Uptake during Influenza Superinfection
Infection and Immunity, 2019Co-Authors: Helen E. Rich, Keven M. Robinson, Kevin J. Mchugh, Jieru Wang, Collin C. Mccourt, Wen Quan Zheng, John F. AlcornAbstract:ABSTRACT Influenza kills 30,000 to 40,000 people each year in the United States and causes 10 times as many hospitalizations. A common complication of influenza is Bacterial Superinfection, which exacerbates morbidity and mortality from the viral illness. Recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as the dominant pathogen found in Bacterial Superinfection, with Streptococcus pneumoniae a close second. However, clinicians have few tools to treat Bacterial Superinfection. Current therapy for influenza/Bacterial Superinfection consists of treating the underlying influenza infection and adding various antibiotics, which are increasingly rendered ineffective by rising Bacterial multidrug resistance. Several groups have recently proposed the use of the antiviral cytokine interferon lambda (IFN-λ) as a therapeutic for influenza, as administration of pegylated IFN-λ improves lung function and survival during influenza by reducing the overabundance of neutrophils in the lung. However, our data suggest that therapeutic IFN-λ impairs Bacterial clearance during influenza Superinfection. Specifically, mice treated with an adenoviral vector to overexpress IFN-λ during influenza infection exhibited increased Bacterial burdens upon Superinfection with either MRSA or S. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, adhesion molecule expression, antimicrobial peptide production, and reactive oxygen species activity were not altered by IFN-λ treatment. However, neutrophil uptake of MRSA and S. pneumoniae was significantly reduced upon IFN-λ treatment during influenza Superinfection in vivo. Together, these data support the theory that IFN-λ decreases neutrophil motility and function in the influenza-infected lung, which increases the Bacterial burden during Superinfection. Thus, we believe that caution should be exercised in the possible future use of IFN-λ as therapy for influenza.
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the inflammasome potentiates influenza staphylococcus aureus Superinfection in mice
JCI insight, 2018Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Michelle E. Clay, Kevin J. Mchugh, Matthew J. Pilewski, Kara L. Nickolich, Catherine Corey, Sruti Shiva, Jieru Wang, Radhika MuzumdarAbstract:Secondary Bacterial respiratory infections are commonly associated with both acute and chronic lung injury. Influenza complicated by Bacterial pneumonia is an effective model to study host defense during pulmonary Superinfection due to its clinical relevance. Multiprotein inflammasomes are responsible for IL-1β production in response to infection and drive tissue inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of the inflammasome during viral/Bacterial Superinfection. We demonstrate that ASC-/- mice are protected from Bacterial Superinfection and produce sufficient quantities of IL-1β through an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome-independent mechanism. Despite the production of IL-1β by ASC-/- mice in response to Bacterial Superinfection, these mice display decreased lung inflammation. A neutrophil elastase inhibitor blocked ASC inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, confirmed that IL-1 remains crucial to the clearance of bacteria during Superinfection. Delayed inhibition of NLRP3 during influenza infection by MCC950 decreases Bacterial burden during Superinfection and leads to decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ASC augments the clearance of bacteria, but can also contribute to inflammation and mortality. ASC should be considered as a therapeutic target to decrease morbidity and mortality during Bacterial Superinfection.
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The inflammasome potentiates influenza/Staphylococcus aureus Superinfection in mice.
JCI Insight, 2018Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Michelle E. Clay, Kevin J. Mchugh, Matthew J. Pilewski, Kara L. Nickolich, Catherine Corey, Sruti Shiva, Jieru Wang, Radhika MuzumdarAbstract:Secondary Bacterial respiratory infections are commonly associated with both acute and chronic lung injury. Influenza complicated by Bacterial pneumonia is an effective model to study host defense during pulmonary Superinfection due to its clinical relevance. Multiprotein inflammasomes are responsible for IL-1β production in response to infection and drive tissue inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of the inflammasome during viral/Bacterial Superinfection. We demonstrate that ASC-/- mice are protected from Bacterial Superinfection and produce sufficient quantities of IL-1β through an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome-independent mechanism. Despite the production of IL-1β by ASC-/- mice in response to Bacterial Superinfection, these mice display decreased lung inflammation. A neutrophil elastase inhibitor blocked ASC inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, confirmed that IL-1 remains crucial to the clearance of bacteria during Superinfection. Delayed inhibition of NLRP3 during influenza infection by MCC950 decreases Bacterial burden during Superinfection and leads to decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ASC augments the clearance of bacteria, but can also contribute to inflammation and mortality. ASC should be considered as a therapeutic target to decrease morbidity and mortality during Bacterial Superinfection.
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novel protective mechanism for interleukin 33 at the mucosal barrier during influenza associated Bacterial Superinfection
Mucosal Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Keven M. Robinson, Krishnaveni Ramanan, Michelle E. Clay, Kevin J. Mchugh, Helen E. Rich, John F. AlcornAbstract:Influenza A is a highly contagious respiratory virus that causes seasonal epidemics and occasional worldwide pandemics. The primary cause of influenza-related mortality is Bacterial Superinfection. There are numerous mechanisms by which preceding influenza infection attenuates host defense, allowing for increased susceptibility to Bacterial pneumonia. Herein, we demonstrate that influenza inhibits Staphylococcus aureus-induced production of interleukin-33 (IL-33). Restoration of IL-33 during influenza A and methicillin-resistant S. aureus Superinfection enhanced Bacterial clearance and improved mortality. Innate lymphoid Type 2 cells and alternatively activated macrophages are not required for IL-33-mediated protection during Superinfection. We show that IL-33 treatment resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the lung, associated with improved Bacterial clearance. These findings identify a novel role for IL-33 in antiBacterial host defense at the mucosal barrier.
Amanda L. Beaudoin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among American Samoan Children, 2011–2012
PloS one, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged
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scabies and Bacterial Superinfection among american samoan children 2011 2012
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Laura Edison, Amanda L. Beaudoin, Lucy Goh, Camille E. Introcaso, Diana L. Martin, Christine Dubray, James Marrone, Chris A. Van BenedenAbstract:Background Scabies, a highly pruritic and contagious mite infestation of the skin, is endemic among tropical regions and causes a substantial proportion of skin disease among lower-income countries. Delayed treatment can lead to Bacterial Superinfection, and treatment of close contacts is necessary to prevent reinfestation. We describe scabies incidence and Superinfection among children in American Samoa (AS) to support scabies control recommendations. Methodology/Principal Findings We reviewed 2011–2012 pharmacy records from the only AS pharmacy to identify children aged ≤14 years with filled prescriptions for permethrin, the only scabicide available in AS. Medical records of identified children were reviewed for physician-diagnosed scabies during January 1, 2011–December 31, 2012. We calculated scabies incidence, Bacterial Superinfection prevalence, and reinfestation prevalence during 14–365 days after first diagnosis. We used log binomial regression to calculate incidence ratios for scabies by age, sex, and county. Medical record review identified 1,139 children with scabies (incidence 29.3/1,000 children aged ≤14 years); 604 (53%) had a Bacterial Superinfection. Of 613 children who received a scabies diagnosis during 2011, 94 (15.3%) had one or more reinfestation. Scabies incidence varied significantly among the nine counties (range 14.8–48.9/1,000 children). Children aged <1 year had the highest incidence (99.9/1,000 children). Children aged 0–4 years were 4.9 times more likely and those aged 5–9 years were 2.2 times more likely to have received a scabies diagnosis than children aged 10–14 years. Conclusions/Significance Scabies and its sequelae cause substantial morbidity among AS children. Bacterial Superinfection prevalence and frequent reinfestations highlight the importance of diagnosing scabies and early treatment of patients and close contacts. Investigating why certain AS counties have a lower scabies incidence might help guide recommendations for improving scabies control among counties with a higher incidence. We recommend interventions targeting infants and young children who have frequent close family contact.