The Experts below are selected from a list of 81219 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gabriela Godaly - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Bacterial Virulence in urinary tract infection.
Infectious disease clinics of North America, 1997Co-Authors: Catharina Svanborg, Gabriela GodalyAbstract:Bacteriuria is associated with acute disease conditions of varying severity.48 and 62 Consequently, the definition of Bacterial Virulence for the urinary tract depends on the end-point chosen. Acute pyelonephritis is characterized by fever, flank pain, and general malaise. Laboratory findings include pyuria (leukocytes in the urine), elevated acute phase reactants in serum (C reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]), elevated levels of cytokines in serum and urine, and later increased levels of antiBacterial IgA antibodies in urine and serum. Cystitis is characterized by dysuria, urgency, frequency of urination, and sometimes suprapubic pain. Acute cystitis should not be accompanied by acute phase reactants or cytokines in the serum, however, there is pyuria, and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in urine may be elevated. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is commonly detected at screening because it is not accompanied by any of the symptoms seen for acute pyelonephritis and acute cystitis. The laboratory findings vary. The patients may have low level cytokine responses and leukocytes in urine, or they may have no host response to infection. (Less)
Xiangmin Lin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Acetylome profiling of Vibrio alginolyticus reveals its role in Bacterial Virulence
Journal of proteomics, 2019Co-Authors: Huanying Pang, Weijie Zhang, Shihui Zhou, Rowena Hoare, Sean J. Monaghan, Jichang Jian, Xiangmin LinAbstract:It is well known that lysine acetylation (Kace) modification is a common post-translational modification (PTM) that plays an important role in multiple biological and pathological functions in bacteria. However, few studies have focused on lysine acetylation modification in aquatic pathogens to date. In this study, the acetylome profiling of fish pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus was investigated by combining affinity enrichment with LC MS/MS. A total of 2883 acetylation modification sites on 1178 proteins in this pathogen were identified. The Kace modification of several selected proteins were further validated by Co-immunocoprecipitation combined with Western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis showed that seven conserved motifs can be enriched among Kace peptides, and many of them were significantly enriched in metabolic processes such as biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and biosynthesis of amino acids, which was similar to data previously published for V. parahaemolyticus. Moreover, we found at least 102 acetylation modified proteins predicted as Virulence factors, which indicate the important role of PTM on Bacterial Virulence. In general, our results provide a promising starting point for further investigations of the biological role of lysine acetylation on Bacterial Virulence in V. alginolyticus. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Lysine acetylation (Kace) modification, is well known to play important roles on diverse biological functions in prokaryotic cell, whereas few studies focused on aquatic pathogens to date. In this study, the acetylome profiling of fish pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus was investigated by combining affinity enrichment with LC MS/MS. A total of 2883 acetylation modification sites on 1178 proteins in this pathogen were identified. The further bioinformatics analysis showed that seven conserved motifs can be enriched among Kace peptides, and many of them were significantly enriched in metabolic processes, which was similar to data previously published for V. parahemolyticus. Moreover, we found at least 102 acetylation modified proteins predicted as Virulence factors, which indicate the important role of PTM on Bacterial Virulence. In general, our results provide a promising starting point for further investigations of the biological role of lysine acetylation on Bacterial Virulence in V. alginolyticus.
Mario Plebani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
H. pylori infection: Bacterial Virulence factors and cytokine gene polymorphisms as determinants of infection outcome.
Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences, 2004Co-Authors: Daniela Basso, Mario PlebaniAbstract:The gram negative bacterium H. pylori infects the human stomach worldwide, invariably causing mucosal inflammation. In the majority of cases, H. pylori-associated gastritis remains the only clinical manifestation of the infection, which might cause, otherwise, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma. or MALToma. The balance between the Bacterial Virulence machinery and the host response to the infection determines the different clinical outcomes. The main Bacterial Virulence factors comprise adhesins (BabA, SabA), the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, and the products of cag pathogenicity island. The pattern of cytokine production in response to the infection is one of the main host determinants involved in limiting the infection outcome to gastritis or in favoring peptic ulcer or cancer onset. The polymorphisms of some cytokine genes (IL-1beta IL-1RN, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) have been correlated with H. pylori-associated gastric adenocarcinoma or peptic ulcer, possibly because they influence the amount of cytokine production in response to H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the role of H. pylori Virulence genes and on host cytokines' genes polymorphisms in determining clinical outcome to H. pylori infection.
Jörgen Johansson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
RNAs: regulators of Bacterial Virulence
Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Jonas Gripenland, Sakura Netterling, Teresa Tiensuu, Alejandro Toledo-arana, Jörgen JohanssonAbstract:Pathogenic bacteria need to respond rapidly to changes in their environment to adjust their gene expression and physiology. Johansson and colleagues review the role of RNAs, including 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs), 3′ UTRs, cis -acting antisense RNAs and trans -acting small non-coding RNAs, as regulatory molecules of Bacterial Virulence. Bacterial pathogens have to respond rapidly to environmental conditions, and one way they achieve this is through regulatory RNAs. 5′ untranslated regions (5′ UTRs) lie upstream of the coding sequence in mRNAs. The 5′ UTR can dictate the expression of the coding RNA by responding to environmental cues, directly altering its secondary structure. 3′ UTRs lie downstream of the coding sequence and are thought to have regulatory functions. Cis -acting antisense RNAs are encoded by the opposite strand of DNA to coding RNAs. These antisense RNAs might be complementary to the coding sequence or to the 3′ or 5′end of an mRNA transcript. Trans -acting small non-coding RNAs are generally short and encoded in intergenic regions. They bind to distally located target mRNAs by direct base-pairing, thereby affecting protein expression, or they bind to regulatory proteins, modulating their activity. Accessory proteins are required for many RNA-based regulatory systems. These include RNA chaperones (mainly Hfq), which stimulate RNA–RNA interactions, or RNases, which control the stability and/or maturity of specific transcripts. RNA-based pathways that regulate protein expression are much more widespread than previously thought. Regulatory RNAs, including 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions next to the coding sequence, cis -acting antisense RNAs and trans -acting small non-coding RNAs, are effective regulatory molecules that can influence protein expression and function in response to external cues such as temperature, pH and levels of metabolites. This Review discusses the mechanisms by which these regulatory RNAs, together with accessory proteins such as RNases, control the fate of mRNAs and proteins and how this regulation influences Virulence in pathogenic bacteria.
Andrew Camilli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Selection for in vivo regulators of Bacterial Virulence
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001Co-Authors: Sang Ho Lee, Susan M. Butler, Andrew CamilliAbstract:We devised a noninvasive genetic selection strategy to identify positive regulators of Bacterial Virulence genes during actual infection of an intact animal host. This strategy combines random mutagenesis with a switch-like reporter of transcription that confers antibiotic resistance in the off state and sensitivity in the on state. Application of this technology to the human intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae identified several regulators of cholera toxin and a central Virulence gene regulator that are operative during infection. These regulators function in chemotaxis, signaling pathways, transport across the cell envelope, biosynthesis, and adherence. We show that phenotypes that appear genetically independent in cell culture become interrelated in the host milieu.
